Journal of General Psychology最新文献

Debates about pathological gaming continues in the wake of the World Health Organization's (WHO) decision to establish a gaming disorder diagnosis. Questions persist whether gaming disorder is best conceived as a stand-alone psychiatric disorder, or whether it heralds or accompanies other, more established conditions, such as depression or ADHD. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 3,034 youth from Singapore. Evidence suggests that pathological gaming is a somewhat unstable construct, often remitting spontaneously. Youth with preexisting ADHD or depression were more likely to develop later pathological gaming problems, while the inverse was not true, with neither early pathological gaming nor gaming time predictive of later mental health problems. Results suggest that, whenever there is any need to conduct robust evidence-based studies, more evidence should be collected before new disorders are recognized by means of "expert consensus".

This paper aims to examine the effect of mindful leadership on employees' self-spirituality, and the mediating effect of organizational identification, and the moderating effect of cohort differences in machinery companies. This study collected data from three different periods. The result demonstrated that organizational identification mediated between mindful leadership and employees' self-spirituality, which boosted to deliver the peculiarity and attractiveness of their hardworking regarding personal capability. Besides, larger cohort differences negatively moderated between mindful leadership and employees' self-spirituality, and vice versa. The main dedication is the application of critical surveys depending on important supportive elements in the associated territory.

The language psychologists and other mental health professionals utilize impacts the formation of public perceptions concerning the practice of psychology. Psychologists from Warren, Calkins, Dunlap, Gardiner, and Ruckmich to Lilienfeld et al. have raised concerns about the clarity and use of problematic psychological terms. This study measured 309 mental health professionals' (1) recognition and use of 50 psychological terms identified as problematic by Lilienfeld et al., and (2) explored the jangle fallacy by providing potentially synonymous word-pairs for participants to rate for synonymity. Results of Part I indicated that 34 out of the 50 terms were not recognized as problematic by a significant majority of participants. Participants disagreed about whether or not six terms were problematic, and the remaining 10 terms were rated by a majority to be problematic. Results of Part II indicated a disagreement between participants regarding the synonymity of four word-pairs, and agreement regarding the synonymity (or lack thereof) of the remaining 16 word-pairs. These findings support the suggestion by Lilienfeld and colleagues that greater attention is needed in regard to problematic psychological terminology, including synonymous or jangling terminology.

The influence of the self on memory processes has been extensively investigated (the self-reference effect) both explicitly (trait-rating paradigm) and implicitly (ownership paradigm). The groups that are closely related to the self are an important part of self-concept, and group-reference facilitated recall to the same extent as self-referencing using trait-rating paradigm. The current research employed an ownership procedure to investigate the impact of group ownership on memory using the participants' family served as the reference group. In both experiments, participants were asked to sort items into baskets that belonged to their family or a fictitious family. A subsequent recognition test showed that there was a significant memory advantage for objects that owned by their family, and the ownership effect was found in remember, but not know, responses. This finding suggests that transient ingroup-ownership of items had a significant memory dominance effect, and the enhancing effect of ownership leads to recollective experience.

We examined the influence of prospective memory (PM) cue focality in a sample of preschool children. Prior investigations in older populations indicated that focal targets were associated with enhanced PM performance, perhaps through more automatic retrieval processes. Importantly, this influential variable has not been thoroughly explored in younger samples. Over three test sessions, preschool children completed a memory task where they were shown a series of animals. During retrieval, participants were shown all of the animals except for one, and they had to name the missing animal. While engaged in this task, participants in the focal PM condition were instructed to remove particular animals (e.g., spider) from the game if they saw them. In the nonfocal condition, participants were told to remove any animal that was entirely one color (e.g., black) if they saw them during the game. The results demonstrated no difference in PM remembering between focal and nonfocal conditions. These results suggest that the effects of focality may not be present at the beginning stages of PM development. The implications for PM retrieval processes also are discussed.

This study compares the levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety between male and female archers across different competition stages. Fifty-seven professional recurve archers (28 men, 29 women) who participated in the Asian Archery Championships were recruited as participants. Their levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety were recorded during the stages of qualifying, individual elimination, and team competition using the Sport Grid-Revised. The results showed no sex-based differences in competitive anxiety when competition stages were considered. However, the female archers demonstrated higher levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety than the male archers across the different stages. Further, all archers regardless of sex showed higher cognitive anxiety in the individual elimination and team competition stages than the qualifying stage. The findings show sex-based differences in felt arousal and cognitive anxiety before competitions. In addition, increasing cognitive anxiety is likely associated with fundamental differences in levels of competition pressure at various stages of a match. It seems beneficial for athletes to focus on reducing gender stereotypes through preventive interventions and developing effective coping strategies toward competitive anxiety.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a threat to mental health worldwide. The current study aims to investigate the role of intolerance of uncertainty in cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to this pandemic and propose a path model of these reactions. In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, participants in a general sample (n = 1,011) as well as an older adult sample (n = 655) completed measures regarding intolerance of uncertainty, mental health (anxiety, well-being, perceived stress) and adherence to preventive measures. Two rounds of data collection were carried out in the first sample. Intolerance of uncertainty was found to be related to mental health indicators and the structural equation model showed a direct and indirect effect on them as well as on the adherence to preventive measures. However, the comparison of data from different time points has brought inconsistent results. The findings highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty in reaction to threat and indicate the potential of uncertainty reduction e.g., getting clear messages from authorities, as a way of decreasing mental health problems.

Myopic loss aversion (MLA)-a combination of myopic loss and a greater sensitivity to losses than gains-has been proposed to explain the equity premium puzzle and then extended to myopic prospect theory (MPT). However, such an expected-value/utility-based theory has been challenged and the underlying mechanism remains debatable. In the current study, we applied the modified equate-to-differentiate model to address this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, we first directly explored the relationship between individuals' degree of loss aversion and their investment amounts in risky lotteries for both single and repeated plays. We found no correlations between these variables; this was inconsistent with the MLA/MPT prediction. Experiment 2 showed that individuals' evaluation scores of the differences within the dimension (probability or outcome) that has larger differences highly predicted their investment behavior, which supported the equate-to-differentiate model.

Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of different couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation; however, few studies have compared the effectiveness of these methods. Therefore, the present study compares the effectiveness of the Gottman couples therapy and the Dattilio couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation of coupled partnerships. Though an analysis of the findings of the present study shows that these two approaches work independently of each other, they are both effective in mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation.