Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2022.2047002
Qiong Li, Jinhuan Gao, Chunyan Cao, Tianlong Li
The influence of the self on memory processes has been extensively investigated (the self-reference effect) both explicitly (trait-rating paradigm) and implicitly (ownership paradigm). The groups that are closely related to the self are an important part of self-concept, and group-reference facilitated recall to the same extent as self-referencing using trait-rating paradigm. The current research employed an ownership procedure to investigate the impact of group ownership on memory using the participants' family served as the reference group. In both experiments, participants were asked to sort items into baskets that belonged to their family or a fictitious family. A subsequent recognition test showed that there was a significant memory advantage for objects that owned by their family, and the ownership effect was found in remember, but not know, responses. This finding suggests that transient ingroup-ownership of items had a significant memory dominance effect, and the enhancing effect of ownership leads to recollective experience.
{"title":"The impact of group ownership on memory.","authors":"Qiong Li, Jinhuan Gao, Chunyan Cao, Tianlong Li","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2022.2047002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2022.2047002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of the self on memory processes has been extensively investigated (the <i>self-reference effect</i>) both explicitly (<i>trait-rating paradigm</i>) and implicitly (<i>ownership paradigm</i>). The groups that are closely related to the self are an important part of self-concept, and group-reference facilitated recall to the same extent as self-referencing using trait-rating paradigm. The current research employed an ownership procedure to investigate the impact of group ownership on memory using the participants' family served as the reference group. In both experiments, participants were asked to sort items into baskets that belonged to their family or a fictitious family. A subsequent recognition test showed that there was a significant memory advantage for objects that owned by their family, and the ownership effect was found in remember, but not know, responses. This finding suggests that transient ingroup-ownership of items had a significant memory dominance effect, and the enhancing effect of ownership leads to recollective experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2022.2047003
Haomin Stanley Zhang, Jiexin Lin, Xi Cheng, Chichi Wang, Xiaobao Wei
Abstract This study investigated universal and language-specific phonological awareness in reading development among Chinese early adolescent students. Seventy-six children participated in this study and completed a series of reading tasks at two data collection points across Grades 5 and 6. In Grade 5, universal phonological awareness (syllable, onset, rhyme, and phoneme awareness), language-specific phonological awareness (tone awareness) as well as character recognition and production measurements were administered to the participants. Lexical inferencing ability was measured in Grade 6. Character recognition and lexical inference were coded as the outcome variables. Subsequent multiple regression analyses showed that Time 1 (Grade 5) language-universal onset and phoneme awareness predicted character recognition and production at Time 1. More strikingly, the study demonstrated that language-specific tone awareness exerted a longitudinal effect on later lexical inferencing ability after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. Results underscored both the universality and language specificity of phonological awareness and provided empirical evidence to substantiate the facilitative role of early language-specific psycholinguistic grain size in later reading performance.
{"title":"Concurrent and longitudinal contributions of phonological awareness to early adolescent Chinese reading acquisition.","authors":"Haomin Stanley Zhang, Jiexin Lin, Xi Cheng, Chichi Wang, Xiaobao Wei","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2022.2047003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2022.2047003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated universal and language-specific phonological awareness in reading development among Chinese early adolescent students. Seventy-six children participated in this study and completed a series of reading tasks at two data collection points across Grades 5 and 6. In Grade 5, universal phonological awareness (syllable, onset, rhyme, and phoneme awareness), language-specific phonological awareness (tone awareness) as well as character recognition and production measurements were administered to the participants. Lexical inferencing ability was measured in Grade 6. Character recognition and lexical inference were coded as the outcome variables. Subsequent multiple regression analyses showed that Time 1 (Grade 5) language-universal onset and phoneme awareness predicted character recognition and production at Time 1. More strikingly, the study demonstrated that language-specific tone awareness exerted a longitudinal effect on later lexical inferencing ability after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. Results underscored both the universality and language specificity of phonological awareness and provided empirical evidence to substantiate the facilitative role of early language-specific psycholinguistic grain size in later reading performance.","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1978921
Andrew J Kelly, Melany C Williams, Audrey E Parrish, Bonnie M Perdue, Susan Little, Michael J Beran
We examined the influence of prospective memory (PM) cue focality in a sample of preschool children. Prior investigations in older populations indicated that focal targets were associated with enhanced PM performance, perhaps through more automatic retrieval processes. Importantly, this influential variable has not been thoroughly explored in younger samples. Over three test sessions, preschool children completed a memory task where they were shown a series of animals. During retrieval, participants were shown all of the animals except for one, and they had to name the missing animal. While engaged in this task, participants in the focal PM condition were instructed to remove particular animals (e.g., spider) from the game if they saw them. In the nonfocal condition, participants were told to remove any animal that was entirely one color (e.g., black) if they saw them during the game. The results demonstrated no difference in PM remembering between focal and nonfocal conditions. These results suggest that the effects of focality may not be present at the beginning stages of PM development. The implications for PM retrieval processes also are discussed.
{"title":"Focality and prospective memory in preschool children.","authors":"Andrew J Kelly, Melany C Williams, Audrey E Parrish, Bonnie M Perdue, Susan Little, Michael J Beran","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1978921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1978921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the influence of prospective memory (PM) cue focality in a sample of preschool children. Prior investigations in older populations indicated that focal targets were associated with enhanced PM performance, perhaps through more automatic retrieval processes. Importantly, this influential variable has not been thoroughly explored in younger samples. Over three test sessions, preschool children completed a memory task where they were shown a series of animals. During retrieval, participants were shown all of the animals except for one, and they had to name the missing animal. While engaged in this task, participants in the focal PM condition were instructed to remove particular animals (e.g., spider) from the game if they saw them. In the nonfocal condition, participants were told to remove any animal that was entirely one color (e.g., black) if they saw them during the game. The results demonstrated no difference in PM remembering between focal and nonfocal conditions. These results suggest that the effects of focality may not be present at the beginning stages of PM development. The implications for PM retrieval processes also are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.2008857
Maryam Abdoshahi, Miran Kondric, Chung-Ju Huang
This study compares the levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety between male and female archers across different competition stages. Fifty-seven professional recurve archers (28 men, 29 women) who participated in the Asian Archery Championships were recruited as participants. Their levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety were recorded during the stages of qualifying, individual elimination, and team competition using the Sport Grid-Revised. The results showed no sex-based differences in competitive anxiety when competition stages were considered. However, the female archers demonstrated higher levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety than the male archers across the different stages. Further, all archers regardless of sex showed higher cognitive anxiety in the individual elimination and team competition stages than the qualifying stage. The findings show sex-based differences in felt arousal and cognitive anxiety before competitions. In addition, increasing cognitive anxiety is likely associated with fundamental differences in levels of competition pressure at various stages of a match. It seems beneficial for athletes to focus on reducing gender stereotypes through preventive interventions and developing effective coping strategies toward competitive anxiety.
{"title":"Sex-based differences in cognitive anxiety and felt arousal of elite archers: a field study.","authors":"Maryam Abdoshahi, Miran Kondric, Chung-Ju Huang","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.2008857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.2008857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares the levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety between male and female archers across different competition stages. Fifty-seven professional recurve archers (28 men, 29 women) who participated in the Asian Archery Championships were recruited as participants. Their levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety were recorded during the stages of qualifying, individual elimination, and team competition using the Sport Grid-Revised. The results showed no sex-based differences in competitive anxiety when competition stages were considered. However, the female archers demonstrated higher levels of felt arousal and cognitive anxiety than the male archers across the different stages. Further, all archers regardless of sex showed higher cognitive anxiety in the individual elimination and team competition stages than the qualifying stage. The findings show sex-based differences in felt arousal and cognitive anxiety before competitions. In addition, increasing cognitive anxiety is likely associated with fundamental differences in levels of competition pressure at various stages of a match. It seems beneficial for athletes to focus on reducing gender stereotypes through preventive interventions and developing effective coping strategies toward competitive anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9188962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1922346
Jozef Bavolar, Pavol Kacmar, Monika Hricova, Jana Schrötter, Bibiana Kovacova-Holevova, Miroslava Köverova, Beata Raczova
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a threat to mental health worldwide. The current study aims to investigate the role of intolerance of uncertainty in cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to this pandemic and propose a path model of these reactions. In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, participants in a general sample (n = 1,011) as well as an older adult sample (n = 655) completed measures regarding intolerance of uncertainty, mental health (anxiety, well-being, perceived stress) and adherence to preventive measures. Two rounds of data collection were carried out in the first sample. Intolerance of uncertainty was found to be related to mental health indicators and the structural equation model showed a direct and indirect effect on them as well as on the adherence to preventive measures. However, the comparison of data from different time points has brought inconsistent results. The findings highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty in reaction to threat and indicate the potential of uncertainty reduction e.g., getting clear messages from authorities, as a way of decreasing mental health problems.
{"title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jozef Bavolar, Pavol Kacmar, Monika Hricova, Jana Schrötter, Bibiana Kovacova-Holevova, Miroslava Köverova, Beata Raczova","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1922346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1922346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a threat to mental health worldwide. The current study aims to investigate the role of intolerance of uncertainty in cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to this pandemic and propose a path model of these reactions. In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia, participants in a general sample (<i>n</i> = 1,011) as well as an older adult sample (<i>n</i> = 655) completed measures regarding intolerance of uncertainty, mental health (anxiety, well-being, perceived stress) and adherence to preventive measures. Two rounds of data collection were carried out in the first sample. Intolerance of uncertainty was found to be related to mental health indicators and the structural equation model showed a direct and indirect effect on them as well as on the adherence to preventive measures. However, the comparison of data from different time points has brought inconsistent results. The findings highlight the role of intolerance of uncertainty in reaction to threat and indicate the potential of uncertainty reduction e.g., getting clear messages from authorities, as a way of decreasing mental health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1922346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1955239
Lei Zhao, Junhui Ye, Liuqing Yang, Zongzun Li, Wenxiu Zhang, Fengpei Hu
Myopic loss aversion (MLA)-a combination of myopic loss and a greater sensitivity to losses than gains-has been proposed to explain the equity premium puzzle and then extended to myopic prospect theory (MPT). However, such an expected-value/utility-based theory has been challenged and the underlying mechanism remains debatable. In the current study, we applied the modified equate-to-differentiate model to address this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, we first directly explored the relationship between individuals' degree of loss aversion and their investment amounts in risky lotteries for both single and repeated plays. We found no correlations between these variables; this was inconsistent with the MLA/MPT prediction. Experiment 2 showed that individuals' evaluation scores of the differences within the dimension (probability or outcome) that has larger differences highly predicted their investment behavior, which supported the equate-to-differentiate model.
{"title":"Myopic loss aversion or equate-to-differentiate heuristic? A heuristic decision making model for both single and aggregated plays.","authors":"Lei Zhao, Junhui Ye, Liuqing Yang, Zongzun Li, Wenxiu Zhang, Fengpei Hu","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1955239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1955239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopic loss aversion (MLA)-a combination of myopic loss and a greater sensitivity to losses than gains-has been proposed to explain the equity premium puzzle and then extended to myopic prospect theory (MPT). However, such an expected-value/utility-based theory has been challenged and the underlying mechanism remains debatable. In the current study, we applied the modified equate-to-differentiate model to address this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, we first directly explored the relationship between individuals' degree of loss aversion and their investment amounts in risky lotteries for both single and repeated plays. We found no correlations between these variables; this was inconsistent with the MLA/MPT prediction. Experiment 2 showed that individuals' evaluation scores of the differences within the dimension (probability or outcome) that has larger differences highly predicted their investment behavior, which supported the equate-to-differentiate model.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1955239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of different couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation; however, few studies have compared the effectiveness of these methods. Therefore, the present study compares the effectiveness of the Gottman couples therapy and the Dattilio couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation of coupled partnerships. Though an analysis of the findings of the present study shows that these two approaches work independently of each other, they are both effective in mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation.
{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of Gottman and Dattilio couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation.","authors":"Azadeh Mahvelati, Zohreh Sepehrishamloo, Mahsima Pourshahriyari","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1959290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1959290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of different couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation; however, few studies have compared the effectiveness of these methods. Therefore, the present study compares the effectiveness of the Gottman couples therapy and the Dattilio couples therapy methods for mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation of coupled partnerships. Though an analysis of the findings of the present study shows that these two approaches work independently of each other, they are both effective in mitigating difficulties in emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1959290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1978920
Wonseok Eric Jang, Sun Young Lee, Akira Asada
The purpose of this study was to assess whether self-imagery is more effective than other-imagery, and if so, to investigate the mechanism of how self-imagery generates more increased positive responses from consumers. Furthermore, we explored the boundary conditions associated with reduced positive effects of self-imagery on consumer responses. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that self-imagery was more effective than other-imagery in generating a favorable attitude toward an advertisement and purchase intention, since it enhanced a sense of presence, and consequently, imagery engagement. However, based on the results of Experiment 2, when an advertisement evoked a sense of high-risk, self-imagery generated a less favorable attitude toward the advertisement than other-imagery due to the emotion of fear evoked by the advertisement.
{"title":"Self-imagery and advertising effectiveness: the role of sense of presence.","authors":"Wonseok Eric Jang, Sun Young Lee, Akira Asada","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1978920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1978920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to assess whether self-imagery is more effective than other-imagery, and if so, to investigate the mechanism of how self-imagery generates more increased positive responses from consumers. Furthermore, we explored the boundary conditions associated with reduced positive effects of self-imagery on consumer responses. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that self-imagery was more effective than other-imagery in generating a favorable attitude toward an advertisement and purchase intention, since it enhanced a sense of presence, and consequently, imagery engagement. However, based on the results of Experiment 2, when an advertisement evoked a sense of high-risk, self-imagery generated a less favorable attitude toward the advertisement than other-imagery due to the emotion of fear evoked by the advertisement.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9199919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398
Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, José M Tomás, Pedro M Hontangas, José Ventura-León, Andrés Burga-León, Miguel Barboza-Palomino, Mario Reyes-Bossio, Brian Norman Peña-Calero, Michael White
Loneliness is a public health problem. Its assessment is important to identify older adults who experience greater loneliness and appropriate interventions can be carried out. The De Jong Gierveld Solitude Scale (DJGLS) is one of the most widely used, at least in the European context, to measure loneliness. Although the Spanish version of the DJGLS has shown reliability and validity in Spanish samples of older adults, there is no evidence of adequacy in the Latin American context. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DJGLS in Peruvian older adults. Specifically, factorial validity, internal consistency and criterion-related validity were studied, based on a double analytical perspective: Classical Test Theory (SEM models) and Item Response Theory. The participants were 235 Peruvian older adults with ages ranging from 61 to 91 years old (Mean = 72.69, SD = 6.68) that assisted to Centers for the Elderly in the city of Trujillo, Peru. Together with the DJGLS, information from the three-item UCLA loneliness scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the Patient Health Questionnarie-2 was also gathered. The results support a one-dimensional structure of the DJGLS but with the presence of method effects associated to the negatively worded items. Additionally, the IRT multidimensional model applied also indicated the presence of a second dimension related to these negative items. Finally, other evidences of reliability and validity were adequate. In summary, the DJGLS may be considered a reliable and valid instrument to be used in the Peruvian (older adults) context.
孤独是一个公共健康问题。它的评估对于识别经历更大孤独的老年人很重要,可以进行适当的干预。De Jong Gierveld孤独量表(DJGLS)是最广泛使用的孤独感测量量表之一,至少在欧洲是这样。尽管西班牙语版本的DJGLS在西班牙老年人样本中显示出可靠性和有效性,但在拉丁美洲背景下没有足够的证据。因此,本研究旨在评估秘鲁老年人DJGLS的心理测量特性。基于经典测试理论(SEM模型)和项目反应理论的双重分析视角,研究了因子效度、内部一致性和标准相关效度。参与者为235名秘鲁老年人,年龄在61岁至91岁之间(Mean = 72.69, SD = 6.68),他们在秘鲁特鲁希略市的老年人中心工作。与DJGLS一起,收集了UCLA孤独量表、生活满意度量表、简短弹性应对量表和患者健康问卷-2的信息。结果支持DJGLS的一维结构,但存在与负面词项相关的方法效应。此外,所应用的IRT多维模型也表明存在与这些消极项目相关的第二个维度。最后,其他证据的信度和效度是充分的。总之,DJGLS可以被认为是秘鲁(老年人)背景下使用的可靠和有效的工具。
{"title":"Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Peruvian old adults: a study based on SEM and IRT multidimensional models.","authors":"Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, José M Tomás, Pedro M Hontangas, José Ventura-León, Andrés Burga-León, Miguel Barboza-Palomino, Mario Reyes-Bossio, Brian Norman Peña-Calero, Michael White","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness is a public health problem. Its assessment is important to identify older adults who experience greater loneliness and appropriate interventions can be carried out. The De Jong Gierveld Solitude Scale (DJGLS) is one of the most widely used, at least in the European context, to measure loneliness. Although the Spanish version of the DJGLS has shown reliability and validity in Spanish samples of older adults, there is no evidence of adequacy in the Latin American context. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the DJGLS in Peruvian older adults. Specifically, factorial validity, internal consistency and criterion-related validity were studied, based on a double analytical perspective: Classical Test Theory (SEM models) and Item Response Theory. The participants were 235 Peruvian older adults with ages ranging from 61 to 91 years old (Mean = 72.69, SD = 6.68) that assisted to Centers for the Elderly in the city of Trujillo, Peru. Together with the DJGLS, information from the three-item UCLA loneliness scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the Patient Health Questionnarie-2 was also gathered. The results support a one-dimensional structure of the DJGLS but with the presence of method effects associated to the negatively worded items. Additionally, the IRT multidimensional model applied also indicated the presence of a second dimension related to these negative items. Finally, other evidences of reliability and validity were adequate. In summary, the DJGLS may be considered a reliable and valid instrument to be used in the Peruvian (older adults) context.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1913397
Donald F Sacco, Juantario Badon, Mitch Brown
Much research suggests mental health diagnoses elicit stigmatization of individuals. The current study builds upon this literature at the intersection of same- and cross-race perceptions. Black and White participants viewed Black and White targets paired with either a mental health diagnosis (e.g., depression), a physical health diagnosis (e.g., high blood pressure), or no health information (control) while indicating each target's favorability and how much social distance they would want from them. Overall, people were more stigmatizing toward targets with a mental health diagnosis than a physical health diagnosis or no diagnosis. Black targets with a mental health diagnosis were stigmatized more than White targets with a mental health diagnosis and White participants displayed a greater aversion to Black targets with a mental health diagnosis than did Black participants. Results contribute to the mental health stigma literature and suggest it may be particularly problematic for White perceivers' attitudes toward Black individuals with mental health diagnoses. Findings may shed light on the racial differences in treatment-seeking amongst Black and White individuals.
{"title":"Cross-race responses to mental illness cues.","authors":"Donald F Sacco, Juantario Badon, Mitch Brown","doi":"10.1080/00221309.2021.1913397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Much research suggests mental health diagnoses elicit stigmatization of individuals. The current study builds upon this literature at the intersection of same- and cross-race perceptions. Black and White participants viewed Black and White targets paired with either a mental health diagnosis (e.g., depression), a physical health diagnosis (e.g., high blood pressure), or no health information (control) while indicating each target's favorability and how much social distance they would want from them. Overall, people were more stigmatizing toward targets with a mental health diagnosis than a physical health diagnosis or no diagnosis. Black targets with a mental health diagnosis were stigmatized more than White targets with a mental health diagnosis and White participants displayed a greater aversion to Black targets with a mental health diagnosis than did Black participants. Results contribute to the mental health stigma literature and suggest it may be particularly problematic for White perceivers' attitudes toward Black individuals with mental health diagnoses. Findings may shed light on the racial differences in treatment-seeking amongst Black and White individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47581,"journal":{"name":"Journal of General Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00221309.2021.1913397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}