Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102060
Juan Yang , Bonan Shi , Bo Han
Since 2000, China has continuously increased public education funding to reduce the impact of family education expenditure on the academic performance of disadvantaged students. We find that the increase in public education funding has not only failed to reduce the economic burden of family education, but has increased family education expenditure. We use the county-level data matched with the micro-survey data of CHIP (China Household Income Project) to analyze the relationship between public education expenditure and family education expenditure in China. We find that public education expenditure has a significant crowding-in effect on family education expenditure in compulsory education. The effect in junior high school is greater than that in primary school, and is more significant. We believe that self-selection and competition mechanisms play crucial roles in the crowding-in effect.
{"title":"Does increased public education spending reduce the financial burden on families?","authors":"Juan Yang , Bonan Shi , Bo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2000, China has continuously increased public education funding to reduce the impact of family education expenditure on the academic performance of disadvantaged students. We find that the increase in public education funding has not only failed to reduce the economic burden of family education, but has increased family education expenditure. We use the county-level data matched with the micro-survey data of CHIP (China Household Income Project) to analyze the relationship between public education expenditure and family education expenditure in China. We find that public education expenditure has a significant crowding-in effect on family education expenditure in compulsory education. The effect in junior high school is greater than that in primary school, and is more significant. We believe that self-selection and competition mechanisms play crucial roles in the crowding-in effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102058
Peng Zhan , Yibo Mao
This study is the first to examine the long-term impact and trend of intergenerational care on the labor supply of middle-aged women. The primary data are drawn from the 2002, 2013, and 2018 China Household Income Project surveys. The findings reveal that the effect of intergenerational care on the labor supply has strengthened over the past two decades. Although the effect was not significant in 2002, it became highly significant by 2018. Decomposition analysis shows that compared to the endowment effect, the coefficient effect of intergenerational care was a key driver of the decline in labor supply among middle-aged women between 2013 and 2018, accounting for 16.81 % of the total change. Further analysis indicates that the expansion of public preschool education in 2018 encouraged young mothers to return to the labor market, thereby increasing the time burden of caregiving for middle-aged women. Simultaneously, the rising cost of education added to the financial burden on households and further increased the demand for intergenerational care. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how intergenerational care shapes women’s retirement decisions over time, offer important insights into their broader consequences, and provide policy implications for improving public preschool education services.
{"title":"A study on the long-term trend of middle-aged female labor supply in urban China: The explanation from inter-generational care","authors":"Peng Zhan , Yibo Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study is the first to examine the long-term impact and trend of intergenerational care on the labor supply of middle-aged women. The primary data are drawn from the 2002, 2013, and 2018 China Household Income Project surveys. The findings reveal that the effect of intergenerational care on the labor supply has strengthened over the past two decades. Although the effect was not significant in 2002, it became highly significant by 2018. Decomposition analysis shows that compared to the endowment effect, the coefficient effect of intergenerational care was a key driver of the decline in labor supply among middle-aged women between 2013 and 2018, accounting for 16.81 % of the total change. Further analysis indicates that the expansion of public preschool education in 2018 encouraged young mothers to return to the labor market, thereby increasing the time burden of caregiving for middle-aged women. Simultaneously, the rising cost of education added to the financial burden on households and further increased the demand for intergenerational care. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how intergenerational care shapes women’s retirement decisions over time, offer important insights into their broader consequences, and provide policy implications for improving public preschool education services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102057
Qiaoqin Xiong , Feng Deng , Hongjun Li , Danxia Xie
This paper leverages a regulatory dataset from the China antitrust authority to provide methodological guidance for improving the pre-merger notification rule, examining both its form and level. We simulate the government's decision-making process and use the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to optimize the rule. Our goal is to address concerns about excessively low thresholds or complex criteria (Type I error) and unreasonably high thresholds or singular criteria (Type II error). We find that China's current notification threshold levels tend to be rigid. Relative to the turnover-based "Size-of-Person" criterion, the "Size-of-Transaction" criterion appears more effective for identifying potential anti-competitive cases in a "simple and objective" manner. Although the study is based in China, the techniques and empirical findings are expected to have broader implications.
{"title":"Optimizing the pre-merger notification rule with regulatory data: Empirical analysis from China","authors":"Qiaoqin Xiong , Feng Deng , Hongjun Li , Danxia Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper leverages a regulatory dataset from the China antitrust authority to provide methodological guidance for improving the pre-merger notification rule, examining both its form and level. We simulate the government's decision-making process and use the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to optimize the rule. Our goal is to address concerns about excessively low thresholds or complex criteria (Type I error) and unreasonably high thresholds or singular criteria (Type II error). We find that China's current notification threshold levels tend to be rigid. Relative to the turnover-based \"Size-of-Person\" criterion, the \"Size-of-Transaction\" criterion appears more effective for identifying potential anti-competitive cases in a \"simple and objective\" manner. Although the study is based in China, the techniques and empirical findings are expected to have broader implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102054
Changyuan Luo , Shuai Zeng , Yi Zhao
This paper examines the impact of exports on the gender income inequality in China by exploiting a plausibly exogenous shock of the granting of permanent normal trade relationship (PNTR) to China. Our empirical strategy establishes that cities with higher PNTR exposure exhibit a significant increase in the female workers’ income relative to male counterparts, thereby reducing the gender income inequality. This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the reduction in gender discrimination, and is more pronounced among younger and less-skilled individuals. However, the increase in females’ relative income does not contribute to the enhancement of the gender equality within the household.
{"title":"The other side of the China syndrome: Export opportunities and gender income inequality in China","authors":"Changyuan Luo , Shuai Zeng , Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of exports on the gender income inequality in China by exploiting a plausibly exogenous shock of the granting of permanent normal trade relationship (PNTR) to China. Our empirical strategy establishes that cities with higher PNTR exposure exhibit a significant increase in the female workers’ income relative to male counterparts, thereby reducing the gender income inequality. This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the reduction in gender discrimination, and is more pronounced among younger and less-skilled individuals. However, the increase in females’ relative income does not contribute to the enhancement of the gender equality within the household.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102055
Jiaping Zhang , Mingwang Cheng , Xiaomei Gong
In recent decades, there has been growing concern about what determines people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental resources. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this study investigates the impact of Internet use on Chinese residents’ WTP for air quality improvements. Results from instrumental variable estimation show that Internet use is positively associated with both the likelihood of paying for clean air and the amount individuals are willing to contribute. Mechanism analysis suggests that Internet use enhances WTP by raising environmental risk perception and strengthening environmental protection awareness. Moreover, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive association is more pronounced among individuals with lower socio-economic status. These findings shed light on the potential of Internet technology in cultivating public pro-environmental behaviors and awareness in the digital era.
{"title":"Internet use and willingness to pay for air quality improvements: Evidence from China","authors":"Jiaping Zhang , Mingwang Cheng , Xiaomei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, there has been growing concern about what determines people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental resources. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey, this study investigates the impact of Internet use on Chinese residents’ WTP for air quality improvements. Results from instrumental variable estimation show that Internet use is positively associated with both the likelihood of paying for clean air and the amount individuals are willing to contribute. Mechanism analysis suggests that Internet use enhances WTP by raising environmental risk perception and strengthening environmental protection awareness. Moreover, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive association is more pronounced among individuals with lower socio-economic status. These findings shed light on the potential of Internet technology in cultivating public pro-environmental behaviors and awareness in the digital era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102053
Yanjun Li , Yuanyuan Wan , Shenxiang Xie
This paper systematically examines the impact of regional market integration on employment using matching data from China’s enterprise tax surveys and business registration information from 2009 to 2015. We find that regional market integration significantly increases corporate labor employment. Mechanism analysis shows that regional market integration significantly affects corporate labor employment through three channels: expansion of market demand, alleviation of financing constraints, and intensification of market competition. Our analysis further reveals that regional market integration improves employment both at the intensive and extensive margins. From a dynamic employment perspective, it promotes net employment growth by enhancing job creation and reducing job destruction. Additionally, regional market integration leads to increased employee compensation levels, indicating positive implications for enhancing employment quality. Our heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of regional market integration varies according to firms’ characteristics, including productivity levels, ownership, location, and industry categorization.
{"title":"The employment effects of regional market integration: Evidence from China","authors":"Yanjun Li , Yuanyuan Wan , Shenxiang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper systematically examines the impact of regional market integration on employment using matching data from China’s enterprise tax surveys and business registration information from 2009 to 2015. We find that regional market integration significantly increases corporate labor employment. Mechanism analysis shows that regional market integration significantly affects corporate labor employment through three channels: expansion of market demand, alleviation of financing constraints, and intensification of market competition. Our analysis further reveals that regional market integration improves employment both at the intensive and extensive margins. From a dynamic employment perspective, it promotes net employment growth by enhancing job creation and reducing job destruction. Additionally, regional market integration leads to increased employee compensation levels, indicating positive implications for enhancing employment quality. Our heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of regional market integration varies according to firms’ characteristics, including productivity levels, ownership, location, and industry categorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102051
Chien-Chiang Lee , Godwin Olasehinde-Williams , Seyi Saint Akadiri
The persistent imbalance in Türkiye's fossil fuel trade raises important questions about the role of macroeconomic factors, particularly exchange rate dynamics, in shaping energy trade outcomes. Despite theoretical assertions of the J-curve, empirical evidence specific to the physical trade balance of fossil fuels remains limited. This study investigates the short- and long-run effects of real exchange rate movements on Türkiye's physical trade balance for fossil fuels from 1994 to 2024, incorporating gross domestic product, renewable energy consumption, and trade openness as control variables. Employing the Fourier Autoregressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) approach, the results confirm the existence of a J-curve effect, whereby currency depreciation at first worsens but subsequently improves the physical trade balance for fossil fuels. Additionally, economic growth significantly exacerbates fossil fuel trade deficits, while renewable energy consumption reduces the imbalance in the short run. Trade openness is found to have a positive short-run impact, although its long-run effect is statistically insignificant. The study proposes policy recommendations to manage exchange rate flexibility, accelerate renewable energy transitions, and align trade and energy policies to achieve a more resilient and sustainable energy trade balance for Türkiye. The results offer fresh insights into the complex interlinkages between macroeconomic fundamentals and energy trade dynamics.
{"title":"The J-curve phenomenon in Türkiye’s fossil fuel trade balance: A fourier-ARDL analysis","authors":"Chien-Chiang Lee , Godwin Olasehinde-Williams , Seyi Saint Akadiri","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent imbalance in Türkiye's fossil fuel trade raises important questions about the role of macroeconomic factors, particularly exchange rate dynamics, in shaping energy trade outcomes. Despite theoretical assertions of the J-curve, empirical evidence specific to the physical trade balance of fossil fuels remains limited. This study investigates the short- and long-run effects of real exchange rate movements on Türkiye's physical trade balance for fossil fuels from 1994 to 2024, incorporating gross domestic product, renewable energy consumption, and trade openness as control variables. Employing the Fourier Autoregressive Distributed Lag (FARDL) approach, the results confirm the existence of a J-curve effect, whereby currency depreciation at first worsens but subsequently improves the physical trade balance for fossil fuels. Additionally, economic growth significantly exacerbates fossil fuel trade deficits, while renewable energy consumption reduces the imbalance in the short run. Trade openness is found to have a positive short-run impact, although its long-run effect is statistically insignificant. The study proposes policy recommendations to manage exchange rate flexibility, accelerate renewable energy transitions, and align trade and energy policies to achieve a more resilient and sustainable energy trade balance for Türkiye. The results offer fresh insights into the complex interlinkages between macroeconomic fundamentals and energy trade dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102048
Yajun Zhu , Churen Sun
China’s foreign trade has stepped into a high-quality development track, while at the same time, China has increasingly included different types of environmental provisions in the concluded Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). We empirically examine the effect of environmental provisions in PTAs on firms’ export product quality using matched data from the Trade and Environment Database (TREND), the Chinese Customs Transaction-level Trade Statistics Dataset, and the Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms Dataset from 2000 to 2014. The findings show that environmental provisions in PTAs are conducive to improving the quality of Chinese firms’ export products by increasing firms’ productivity and inducing firms to import more intermediate goods. Furthermore, trade-liberal environmental provisions in PTAs tend to improve the quality of firms’ export products quality while trade-prohibitive ones have a negative effect. Additionally, environmental provisions in PTAs are particularly beneficial for firms that are less constrained by financing, as well as for state-owned, foreign, medium-sized, and high emission intensity firms. Our research provides support for promoting China’s participation in global governance through environmental provisions in PTAs while realizing high-quality development of foreign trade.
{"title":"Environmental provisions in preferential trade agreements and export product quality of Chinese firms","authors":"Yajun Zhu , Churen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China’s foreign trade has stepped into a high-quality development track, while at the same time, China has increasingly included different types of environmental provisions in the concluded Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). We empirically examine the effect of environmental provisions in PTAs on firms’ export product quality using matched data from the Trade and Environment Database (TREND), the Chinese Customs Transaction-level Trade Statistics Dataset, and the Chinese Annual Survey of Industrial Firms Dataset from 2000 to 2014. The findings show that environmental provisions in PTAs are conducive to improving the quality of Chinese firms’ export products by increasing firms’ productivity and inducing firms to import more intermediate goods. Furthermore, trade-liberal environmental provisions in PTAs tend to improve the quality of firms’ export products quality while trade-prohibitive ones have a negative effect. Additionally, environmental provisions in PTAs are particularly beneficial for firms that are less constrained by financing, as well as for state-owned, foreign, medium-sized, and high emission intensity firms. Our research provides support for promoting China’s participation in global governance through environmental provisions in PTAs while realizing high-quality development of foreign trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102049
Zhe Kong, Huanhuan Liang
This paper investigates the impact of urban rail transit improvements on rent sharing between labor and capital within firms. By integrating firm-specific human capital accumulation into a Nash bargaining model, we theoretically illustrate that such improvements enhance outside options for both labor and capital, primarily benefiting labor in rent distribution. The empirical analysis, which employs event study methods and panel data from Chinese firms, supports this hypothesis, revealing that urban rail enhancements significantly increase labor’s share of firm rents. However, this effect diminishes as bargaining power of labor increases. This study has important policy implications for administrators in developing countries, who face challenges related to factor income distribution.
{"title":"Urban rail transit and inner-firm labor–capital rent sharing: Evidence from China","authors":"Zhe Kong, Huanhuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of urban rail transit improvements on rent sharing between labor and capital within firms. By integrating firm-specific human capital accumulation into a Nash bargaining model, we theoretically illustrate that such improvements enhance outside options for both labor and capital, primarily benefiting labor in rent distribution. The empirical analysis, which employs event study methods and panel data from Chinese firms, supports this hypothesis, revealing that urban rail enhancements significantly increase labor’s share of firm rents. However, this effect diminishes as bargaining power of labor increases. This study has important policy implications for administrators in developing countries, who face challenges related to factor income distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102050
Lijun Zang , Lyubing Feng
This study comprehensively utilizes data from the 2005 and 2015 China 1 % Population Sample Surveys and the number of first-instance criminal judgment documents published by China Judgments Online to explore the long-term effects of labor outflow on crime in the origin area. The results reveal that while labor outflow does not significantly affect the overall crime rate, it does have significant effects on different types of crimes. Specifically, labor outflow increases low-skill crimes, but reduces high-skill crimes and passion crimes. Mechanism analysis indicates that labor outflow primarily influences local crime rates through the human capital mechanism, namely by reducing the long-term accumulation of human capital in the origin region, thereby lowering the opportunity cost of crime, the likelihood of high-skill crimes, and the ability to evade arrest after committing a crime.
{"title":"The long-term effect of labor outflow on crime: Evidence from China","authors":"Lijun Zang , Lyubing Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asieco.2025.102050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively utilizes data from the 2005 and 2015 China 1 % Population Sample Surveys and the number of first-instance criminal judgment documents published by China Judgments Online to explore the long-term effects of labor outflow on crime in the origin area. The results reveal that while labor outflow does not significantly affect the overall crime rate, it does have significant effects on different types of crimes. Specifically, labor outflow increases low-skill crimes, but reduces high-skill crimes and passion crimes. Mechanism analysis indicates that labor outflow primarily influences local crime rates through the human capital mechanism, namely by reducing the long-term accumulation of human capital in the origin region, thereby lowering the opportunity cost of crime, the likelihood of high-skill crimes, and the ability to evade arrest after committing a crime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Economics","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 102050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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