Journal of Asian Economics最新文献

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The haze reduction effect in china under the digital economy 数字经济时代的中国减霾效应

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101819

Changming Wang , Hongwei Liao , Lei Zhu , Leihua He

Haze pollution is becoming increasingly serious as it endangers human health and pressurizes economic development. This study incorporates the digital economy and haze pollution management into a unified research framework, and uses the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2011 to 2020 to precisely identify the haze reduction effect of the digital economy, governance mechanisms, and the non-linear and spatial spillover characteristics of the haze reduction effect in China. The findings demonstrate that: First, the digital economy can significantly reduce haze pollution, and this conclusion still holds after considering endogeneity and other robustness tests. Second, the digital economy can inhibit haze pollution by promoting industrial upgrading and improving total factor energy efficiency, and there is a chain mechanism of “industrial green transformation → total factor energy efficiency” and “factor market distortion → total factor energy efficiency.” However, the haze reduction mechanism of digital economy is heterogeneous to cities with different levels of economic development. Independent transmission mechanism plays a complete intermediary role in cities with low level of economic development, while it plays a partial intermediary role in cities with high level of economic development. Chain transmission mechanism only has an impact on cities with high level of economic development. Third, there is an evident threshold effect on the digital economy, and its haze reduction effect has N-type non-linear characteristics. Meanwhile, Digital economy has threshold effect on the mechanism of restraining haze pollution through total factor energy efficiency, industrial green transformation and factor market distortion. With the development of total factor energy efficiency, industrial green transformation and the reduction of factor market distortion, the haze reduction effect of digital economy can produce a qualitative leap. Fourth, Haze pollution in the spatial, temporal, and spatial dimensions has spillover and warning effects, and the haze reduction effect of digital economy shows strong positive externalities. Therefore, the digital economy should be actively developed, and industrial green transformation and factor market reform should be promoted to curb haze pollution by promoting industrial upgrading, improving energy efficiency and strengthening regional joint prevention and control mechanisms.

雾霾污染日益严重，既危害人类健康，又给经济发展带来压力。本研究将数字经济与雾霾污染治理纳入统一的研究框架，利用 2011-2020 年中国 285 个城市的面板数据，精准识别中国数字经济的减霾效应、治理机制，以及减霾效应的非线性和空间溢出特征。研究结果表明第一，数字经济能够显著减少雾霾污染，在考虑了内生性和其他稳健性检验后，这一结论仍然成立。其次，数字经济可以通过促进产业升级和提高全要素能源效率来抑制雾霾污染，存在 "产业绿色转型→全要素能源效率 "和 "要素市场扭曲→全要素能源效率 "的链式机制。然而，数字经济的减霾机制对于不同经济发展水平的城市具有异质性。独立传导机制在经济发展水平低的城市起完全中介作用，而在经济发展水平高的城市起部分中介作用。连锁传导机制只对经济发展水平高的城市产生影响。第三，数字经济存在明显的门槛效应，其减霾效应具有 N 型非线性特征。同时，数字经济对通过全要素能效、产业绿色转型和要素市场扭曲抑制雾霾污染的机制具有门槛效应。随着全要素能效的提高、产业绿色转型和要素市场扭曲的减少，数字经济的减霾效果会产生质的飞跃。第四，雾霾污染在时空维度上具有溢出效应和警示效应，数字经济的减霾效应表现出较强的正外部性。因此，应积极发展数字经济，推动产业绿色转型和要素市场改革，通过促进产业升级、提高能效、强化区域联防联控机制等措施遏制雾霾污染。

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引用次数: 0

Possible development path for agricultural economic and trade cooperation in FTAAP: A numerical simulation 亚太自贸区农业经贸合作的可能发展路径：数值模拟

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101818

Yixuan Yin , Chenyue Luo , Jing Yang , Panyu Chen , LI Chunding

Exploring the path of developing agricultural economy and trade cooperation in the Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific (FTAAP) is of great practical significance for deepening economic integration in the Asia Pacific region and strengthening regional agricultural development. This paper proposes three feasible paths based on RCEP, CPTPP, and the integration of RCEP and CPTPP to establish FTAAP. Moreover, a dynamic computable general equilibrium model of global trade is used to simulate the macroeconomic effects and the agricultural effects represented by China in forming FTAAP under these three paths. The research results show that six common policy nodes will promote macroeconomic growth in participating countries, and the effects of the in-depth implementation of RCEP and CPTPP will be greater than those of the initial implementation. Due to the broader base of participating economies and the higher level of openness, establishing FTAAP under Path 3 will yield greater macroeconomic effects and agricultural effects. Therefore, the path based on the integration of RCEP and CPTPP is an optimal selection for economic and trade cooperation of agriculture in FTAAP. All parties should actively overcome the obstacles to forming FTAAP and provide a stable internal and external industrial development environment for regional agricultural economic and trade cooperation.

探索亚太自由贸易区（FTAAP）农业经贸合作发展路径，对于深化亚太地区经济一体化、加强区域农业发展具有重要的现实意义。本文提出了基于 RCEP、CPTPP 以及 RCEP 与 CPTPP 整合建立 FTAAP 的三条可行路径。此外，本文还利用全球贸易动态可计算一般均衡模型模拟了这三种路径下的宏观经济效应和以中国为代表的农业效应对建立亚太自贸区的影响。研究结果表明，六个共同政策节点将促进参与国的宏观经济增长，RCEP和CPTPP深入实施的效果将大于初步实施的效果。由于参与经济体基础更广、开放程度更高，路径 3 下建立亚太自贸区将产生更大的宏观经济效应和农业效应。因此，基于 RCEP 和 CPTPP 整合的路径是 FTAAP 农业经贸合作的最优选择。各方应积极克服形成 FTAAP 的障碍，为区域农业经贸合作提供稳定的内外部产业发展环境。

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引用次数: 0

Smart city construction and quality upgrading of export products: Evidence from China 智慧城市建设与出口产品质量升级：来自中国的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101813

Linhui Yu, Oujing Miao, Xuepeng Tang

Smart cities, as an advanced form of urban development in the digital age, are likely to profoundly affect the operations of local businesses. This paper analyzes the impact of smart city construction on the quality of firms’ export products by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment based on a smart city pilot policy in China and employing the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) method. Our empirical results reveal that the implementation of the policy significantly improves the export product quality of local firms, and this finding remains quite robust after a series of sensitivity tests. Mechanism analysis shows that the improvement of innovation efficiency and the reduction of transaction costs are two effective channels through which smart city construction enhances export product quality. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy effects are more prominent in high-tech industries, cities with high administrative levels, the eastern and central regions, non-state-owned firms, and general trade firms, which enjoy greater policy dividends than their counterparts.

智慧城市作为数字时代城市发展的高级形式，很可能会深刻影响当地企业的运营。本文以中国智慧城市试点政策为基础，利用准自然实验，采用交错差分法（DID），分析了智慧城市建设对企业出口产品质量的影响。我们的实证结果表明，该政策的实施显著提高了当地企业的出口产品质量，而且经过一系列敏感性检验后，这一结论仍然相当稳健。机理分析表明，提高创新效率和降低交易成本是智慧城市建设提高出口产品质量的两个有效渠道。异质性分析表明，政策效应在高科技产业、行政级别高的城市、东部和中部地区、非国有企业和一般贸易企业中更为突出，这些企业比同类企业享受到更大的政策红利。

引用次数: 0

How does digital technology affect export in services? 数字技术如何影响服务出口？

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101814

Nan Kong , Bingjie Wang , Yan Zhang , Nianli Zhou

Based on the comprehensive measures of digital technology and cross-country services trade database, our study empirically examines the impacts of digital technology on export in services. We find that digital technology significantly promotes services export. However, the impact varies in different modes of supply. Digital technology significantly promotes service export in the mode of cross border delivery, consumption abroad, and commercial presence rather than the mode of the natural person movement. Heterogeneous analysis shows that the trade impact of digital technology is more pronounced in developed countries and the countries with higher levels of digital openness. Based on both the empirical analysis and the case studies, three main channels of the enhancement of tradability, the function of digital platforms, and innovation of new trade models are discussed for the influencing mechanisms of digital technology.

基于对数字技术的全面衡量和跨国服务贸易数据库，我们的研究实证检验了数字技术对服务出口的影响。我们发现，数字技术极大地促进了服务出口。然而，不同的供应模式所产生的影响也不尽相同。数字技术在跨境交付、海外消费和商业存在等模式下，而不是在自然人流动模式下，都能极大地促进服务出口。异质性分析表明，数字技术对贸易的影响在发达国家和数字开放程度较高的国家更为明显。在实证分析和案例研究的基础上，探讨了数字技术影响机制的三个主要渠道：可贸易性的增强、数字平台的功能和新贸易模式的创新。

引用次数: 0

How artificial intelligence affects international industrial transfer — Evidence from industrial robot application 人工智能如何影响国际产业转移--来自工业机器人应用的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101815

Hongyuan Zhang , Yibing Ding , Jing Niu , Samuel Jung

The development of high technology represented by artificial intelligence is an essential driver of international industrial transfer. Using country-industry-level industrial robot data and value-added trade data from 2002 to 2018, this paper empirically examines the impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence on the international industrial transfer undertaken by a country (region). The study shows that the application of artificial intelligence can significantly enhance the international industrial transfer undertaken by a country (region). Further analysis shows that artificial intelligence positively affects international industry transfer through two channels: Improving the quality of labor force and promoting the level technological innovation. Further heterogeneity analysis shows that, first, from the economic development degree perspective, artificial intelligence's role in promoting developing economies is more substantial than that in developed economies. Second, the financial crisis has weakened the impact of artificial intelligence on international industrial transfer from the perspective of time division，especially in developing economies. Third, from the perspective of industry heterogeneity, artificial intelligence has significantly promoted the transfer of medium-low and medium-high technology industries. The research in this paper extends the analysis of the effect of artificial intelligence. It provides realistic insights for optimizing the strategic layout of the robotics industry, achieving industrial structure upgrading, optimizing resource allocation efficiency, and grasping the opportunities of global industrial chain restructuring.

以人工智能为代表的高新技术的发展是国际产业转移的重要驱动力。本文利用2002-2018年国家-产业层面的工业机器人数据和贸易增加值数据，实证检验了人工智能对一国（地区）承接国际产业转移的影响和作用机制。研究表明，人工智能的应用能够显著提升一国（地区）承接国际产业转移的水平。进一步分析表明，人工智能通过两个渠道对国际产业转移产生积极影响：提高劳动力素质和促进技术创新水平。进一步的异质性分析表明：第一，从经济发展程度来看，人工智能对发展中经济体的促进作用要大于发达经济体。第二，从时间分工角度看，金融危机削弱了人工智能对国际产业转移的影响，尤其是对发展中经济体的影响。第三，从产业异质性来看，人工智能显著促进了中低端和中高端技术产业的转移。本文的研究扩展了对人工智能效应的分析。为优化机器人产业战略布局、实现产业结构升级、优化资源配置效率、把握全球产业链重构机遇提供了现实启示。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the effect of digital transformation on firm resilience: Evidence from China 探索数字化转型对企业复原力的影响：来自中国的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101812

Yaozhi Xu, Liling Xu, Yaxin Shen, Zhigang Fan

Digital transformation has become a new driving force for the high-quality development of China's economy, and is also an important pivot point to safeguard the development of enterprises and promote the recovery of industries in an uncertain environment. In this paper, we apply textual analysis to measure the digital transformation index using the data of listed companies in China and explore the impact of digital transformation on corporate resilience. The results, which are based on a robustness test and endogeneity test, lead to the conclusion that digital transformation can have a significantly positive impact on enterprise resilience. Mechanism analysis finds that enterprise green innovation and total factor productivity (TFP) are important channels through which digital transformation significantly affects a firm’s resilience. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the effect is more pronounced among state-owned enterprises (SOE), non-high-tech enterprises, labor-intensive enterprises and technology-intensive enterprises. These findings will help guide policies that promote digital transformation in order to resist the negative effects of external shocks.

数字化转型已成为中国经济高质量发展的新动力，也是在不确定环境下保障企业发展、促进产业复苏的重要支点。本文利用中国上市公司数据，运用文本分析法测算数字化转型指数，探讨数字化转型对企业抗风险能力的影响。基于稳健性检验和内生性检验的结果得出结论：数字化转型会对企业恢复力产生显著的正向影响。机制分析发现，企业绿色创新和全要素生产率（TFP）是数字化转型显著影响企业复原力的重要渠道。异质性分析进一步表明，这种影响在国有企业、非高科技企业、劳动密集型企业和技术密集型企业中更为明显。这些发现将有助于指导促进数字化转型的政策，以抵御外部冲击的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of city size on self-employment behavior: Evidence from Chinese migrants 城市规模对自雇行为的影响：来自中国移民的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101802

Haoyu Hu , Wei Wang , Ge Xin , Fangjin Ye

Self-employment is an important approach for migrants to gain a foothold in cities and improve their economic and social welfare. This study investigates the relationship between city size and migrants’ self-employment behavior using data from the 2011–2018 CMDS and macro-statistical sources. We find that in the Chinese context, larger cities correlate with an increased likelihood of migrants engaging in self-employment. These results persist under various methodological checks, including alternative estimation methods, sample screening techniques, and addressing concerns about endogeneity. Market potential and diversified agglomeration emerge as important channels through which larger cities encourage migrants’ decisions to pursue self-employment. Moreover, the positive impact of larger cities is more pronounced among rural-to-urban migrants and own-account workers compared to urban-to-urban migrants and employers. This paper provides insights into high-quality development and migrant management strategies in large cities in China.

自主创业是流动人口立足城市、改善经济和社会福利的重要途径。本研究利用2011-2018年CMDS数据和宏观统计资料，研究了城市规模与流动人口自主创业行为之间的关系。我们发现，在中国，城市规模越大，流动人口从事个体经营的可能性就越大。这些结果在各种方法学检验下都能得到证实，包括替代估算方法、样本筛选技术以及解决内生性问题。市场潜力和多元化集聚是大城市鼓励移民决定从事自营职业的重要渠道。此外，与从城市到城市的移民和雇主相比，大城市对从农村到城市的移民和自营职业者的积极影响更为明显。本文为中国大城市的高质量发展和移民管理策略提供了启示。

引用次数: 0

The clan imprint within gender wage gap: Evidence from China 性别工资差距中的宗族印记：来自中国的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101801

Yulin Liu , Wei Ran

Clan culture plays a pivotal role in shaping gender disparities in individual choices. This paper, utilizing data from Chinese General Social Survey 2013, employs genealogy density as a proxy variable for clan culture. The results suggest that clan culture significantly promotes an increase in male wage, while no significant impact on female wage, consequently widening the gender wage gap. Notably, patrilineal clan exacerbates gender differences in human capital investment, reinforces gender identity, and intensifies social trust disparities, thereby perpetuating the escalation of gender wage inequality. Conversely, the internet, serving as a primary vehicle for modern gender equality ideas, mitigates the positive effect of clan on gender wage disparity. Further investigation reveals that the positive impact of clan culture on gender wage gap diminishes with an upward shift in wage distribution and narrows with generational transitions. These findings extend the cultural explanation pathway for gender wage gap.

宗族文化对个人选择中的性别差异起着举足轻重的作用。本文利用 2013 年中国社会综合调查数据，采用家谱密度作为宗族文化的替代变量。结果表明，宗族文化显著促进了男性工资的增长，而对女性工资没有显著影响，从而扩大了性别工资差距。值得注意的是，父系氏族加剧了人力资本投资中的性别差异，强化了性别认同，加剧了社会信任差异，从而使性别工资不平等持续升级。相反，互联网作为现代性别平等思想的主要载体，缓解了宗族对性别工资差异的积极影响。进一步研究发现，宗族文化对性别工资差距的积极影响会随着工资分配的上移而减弱，并随着代际转换而缩小。这些发现拓展了性别工资差距的文化解释途径。

引用次数: 0

Government relocation and air pollution: Evidence from China 政府搬迁与空气污染：来自中国的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101799

Shengfeng Lu , Yukun Sun , Hui Tian , Jing Wang

In the pursuit of sustainable economic development, many cities have initiated the relocation of government offices as a strategy to optimize resource allocation. This study examines the environmental impacts of local government relocations in China between 1999 and 2016, with a focus on PM2.5 concentration data in the areas surrounding the relocation sites. Utilizing a difference-in-differences estimation approach, our findings indicate that (1) relocating local government offices significantly reduces pollution levels in nearby areas, with more pronounced effects closer to the relocation site; (2) environmental quality improvements intensify over time before stabilizing; (3) the relocation reform enhances the overall environmental quality of the entire city; and (4) government site relocations ultimately lead to regional environmental quality improvements by fostering the development of clean industries and reducing industrial pollution emissions. These results underscore the policy significance of green development principles and the spatial optimization of public resources.

在追求经济可持续发展的过程中，许多城市将政府机构搬迁作为优化资源配置的一项战略。本研究考察了 1999 年至 2016 年间中国地方政府搬迁对环境的影响，重点关注搬迁地周边地区 PM2.5 浓度数据。利用差分估计方法，我们的研究结果表明：（1）地方政府办公楼搬迁显著降低了附近地区的污染水平，离搬迁地越近，效果越明显；（2）环境质量的改善在稳定之前会随着时间的推移而加剧；（3）搬迁改革提升了整个城市的整体环境质量；（4）政府办公楼搬迁通过促进清洁产业的发展和减少工业污染排放，最终导致区域环境质量的改善。这些结果凸显了绿色发展原则和公共资源空间优化的政策意义。

引用次数: 0

Does foreign direct investment affect domestic firms’ social security contributions? 外国直接投资是否会影响国内企业的社会保障缴款？

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101800

Jue Tang , Liu Tian , Jin Feng , Pengzhou Zhu , Chao Han

Foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries are found to affect local domestic firms by introducing competition and spillover effects. This study investigates the effect of FDI on domestic firms’ social security contributions. It exploits China’s 2002 FDI liberalization and applies the difference-in-differences strategy for a causal identification. Using a Chinese firm-level dataset of the manufacturing industry, the estimates show that foreign investments have a positive effect on domestic firms’ social security contributions as a share of the wage base. The estimated effects are more pronounced in private firms, higher-wage firms, and firms facing lower contribution costs. Evidence also indicates that the increase in firms’ propensity to contribute plays an important role in explaining the overall increase in social security contribution rates. The promotion of social security compliance among domestic firms by FDI inflow suggests that market competition could be an attractive and effective approach to combating non-compliance with social insurance regulations.

研究发现，发展中国家的外国直接投资（FDI）会通过引入竞争和溢出效应影响当地的国内企业。本研究探讨了外国直接投资对国内企业社保缴费的影响。研究利用了中国 2002 年的外商直接投资自由化，并采用差分法进行因果关系识别。利用中国制造业企业层面的数据集，估计结果显示，外商投资对国内企业的社保缴费占工资基数的比例有积极影响。估计效应在私营企业、高工资企业和缴费成本较低的企业中更为明显。证据还表明，企业缴费倾向的提高在解释社会保障缴费率的总体增长方面发挥了重要作用。外国直接投资的流入促进了国内企业遵守社会保险规定，这表明市场竞争可能是打击不遵守社会保险规定的一种有吸引力的有效方法。

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