Journal of Asian Economics最新文献

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Off-farm employment, farmland transfer and agricultural investment behavior: A study of joint decision-making among North China Plain farmers 非农就业、农地流转与农业投资行为：华北平原农民共同决策研究

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101839

Mingjun Xu , Changling Chen , Jinhua Xie

Improving farmers’ ability to make joint decisions on multi-factors is crucial for efficient resource allocation in agriculture, promoting sustainable land use, and fostering rural revitalization. Using survey data from 1780 households in the North China Plain, this study used the Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) joint estimation to address potential endogeneity issues and investigate the interaction of off-farm employment, farmland transfer, and agricultural capital investment. First, the results reveal a significant relationship between the three factors in farmers’ decision-making. Particular, there is a positive relationship between off-farm employment and farmland outflow (ρ = 0.163, P < 0.05), while a negative correlation is observed between farmland outflow and capital investment (ρ = − 0.476, P < 0.01). Secondly, there is heterogeneity in the correlation of joint decision-making regarding off-farm employment types and agricultural capital input types. For risk-averse farmers and farmers with low capital liquidity, off-farm employment is not significantly correlated with farmland outflow, while farmers with land-poor farmers have the strongest positive correlation between farmland inflow and capital input. Third, even if increasing farmland outflow can facilitate the expansion of large-scale land operations, the investment effect of off-farm employment remains unrealized. Finally, the lag of the farmland transfer market relative to the labor transfer market and the rural capital market hinders the growth of optimal-scale agricultural management.

提高农民对多因素共同决策的能力对于农业资源的有效配置、促进土地的可持续利用以及推动乡村振兴至关重要。本研究利用华北平原 1780 户农户的调查数据，采用条件混合过程（CMP）联合估计法解决潜在的内生性问题，并研究了非农就业、农地流转和农业资本投资的交互作用。首先，研究结果显示这三个因素在农民决策中存在显著关系。特别是，非农就业与农地流出之间存在正相关关系（ρ = 0.163，P < 0.05），而农地流出与资本投资之间存在负相关关系（ρ = - 0.476，P < 0.01）。其次，非农就业类型与农业资本投入类型的共同决策相关性存在异质性。对于风险规避型农户和资本流动性低的农户，非农就业与耕地流出的相关性不显著，而土地贫瘠型农户的耕地流入与资本投入的正相关性最强。第三，即使农地流出的增加能够促进土地规模经营的扩大，但非农就业的投资效应仍未实现。最后，农地流转市场相对于劳动力转移市场和农村资本市场的滞后性阻碍了农业优化规模经营的发展。

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引用次数: 0

A tale of two markets—would housing appreciation prompt insurance participation? Evidence from China’s urban elderly 两个市场的故事--住房升值能否促进保险参与？来自中国城市老年人的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101838

Jiajun Han

This paper investigates how housing wealth affects urban elderly’s commercial health insurance participation by using the discontinuity along housing size formed by China’s housing policies. The empirical results reveal a positive effect of housing wealth on urbanites’ enrolment in commercial health insurance, with elderly previously or currently working in non-public sectors, only having one child, and not having a son exhibiting higher responsiveness to unexpected gains in housing wealth. Moreover, the bumper housing wealth-induced insurance purchasing only takes effect for urban elderly having full homeownership, whereas those with partial ownership and tenants hardly react to housing policies.

本文利用中国住房政策形成的住房面积非连续性，研究了住房财富如何影响城镇老年人参加商业医疗保险。实证结果表明，住房财富对城镇居民参加商业医疗保险具有正向影响，曾经或目前在非公有制经济部门工作、只有一个子女和没有儿子的老年人对住房财富的意外增长具有更高的反应性。此外，住房财富诱发的保险购买丰收只对拥有全部住房所有权的城市老年人有效，而拥有部分住房所有权和租房的老年人对住房政策几乎没有反应。

引用次数: 0

Transport development performance with hazard-inducing variables: A frontier-based shadow pricing approach 具有危险诱发变量的运输发展绩效：基于前沿的影子定价方法

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101837

Ruoyu He , Ruxue Dong , Ruiqi Zhu , Z.Y. Shen , Tomas Baležentis , Lixin Cui

While economic growth in a country can be spurred by the expansion of the transportation sector, traffic accidents resulting from an increase in vehicle numbers negatively impact social wellbeing. To integrate both the beneftis and costs in evaluating the transportation sector, this study incorporates traffic accidents as a risk factor (undesirable output) in analyzing the performance of road transportation across Chinese provinces. We propose a shadow price model to estimate the revenue generated and the losses incurred from the addition of each vehicle. The potential improvements in desirable outputs (freight and passenger traffic) and the possible reduction in risks (traffic accident losses) are assessed using a nonparametric approach. Our findings indicate that the overall performance of the Chinese transportation sector improved between 2001 and 2018. During this period, the shadow revenue of vehicles increased, while the shadow loss from traffic accidents showed a declining trend, attributed to enhanced transportation infrastructure and effective government regulations. However, we observe regional disparities in performance and offer targeted policy recommendations.

交通运输业的发展可以促进国家的经济增长，但车辆数量的增加所导致的交通事故也会对社会福利产生负面影响。为了在评估交通部门时综合考虑收益和成本，本研究将交通事故作为风险因素（不良产出）纳入中国各省道路交通绩效分析中。我们提出了一个影子价格模型来估算每增加一辆车所带来的收益和损失。我们采用非参数方法评估了理想产出（货运量和客运量）的潜在改善和风险（交通事故损失）的可能降低。我们的研究结果表明，2001 年至 2018 年间，中国交通运输业的整体表现有所改善。在此期间，车辆的影子收入增加了，而交通事故的影子损失则呈下降趋势，这归因于交通基础设施的改善和有效的政府监管。然而，我们观察到了绩效的地区差异，并提出了有针对性的政策建议。

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引用次数: 0

From ancient philosophy to modern governance: Confucian culture shaping low-carbon corporate transformation in China’s listed companies 从古代哲学到现代治理：儒家文化塑造中国上市公司的低碳企业转型

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101835

Li Wang , Siyan Chen , Yanan Wang , Yuhan Wu

Considering the goal of green development, this study examines the role of Confucian culture in low-carbon corporate transformation. This study shows that Confucian culture can effectively promote the low-carbon transformation of companies. The greater the influence of Confucianism on a company, the higher its level of low-carbon transformation is. Confucian culture takes effect in three ways: by improving corporate environmental awareness, by promoting social responsibility, and by strengthening corporate governance. Heterogeneity research shows that state-owned and low-capital-intensity companies, low-competition and high-attention industries, non-low-carbon pilot programs, and low-marketization areas all increase the extent of influence. The findings shed light on the influence of Confucians on low-carbon transformation at the firm level and enrich the ideas surrounding Confucian culture and corporate development.

考虑到绿色发展的目标，本研究探讨了儒家文化在企业低碳转型中的作用。研究表明，儒家文化能够有效促进企业的低碳转型。儒家文化对企业的影响越大，企业的低碳转型水平就越高。儒家文化的作用主要体现在三个方面：提高企业环保意识、促进企业承担社会责任、加强企业治理。异质性研究表明，国有企业和低资本密集型企业、低竞争和高关注度行业、非低碳试点项目和低市场化地区都会增加儒家文化的影响程度。研究结果揭示了儒家文化在企业层面对低碳转型的影响，丰富了儒家文化与企业发展的思路。

引用次数: 0

Flattening of government hierarchies and growth of farmers’ income 政府层级扁平化和农民收入增长

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101836

Caiquan Bai , Yan Zhang , Chao Wang , Qihang Xue , Chen Feng

Continuously raising farmers’ income is important for poverty reduction. In a multilevel government system, institutional arrangements can influence the role of grassroots governments in economic and social development. Based on the rural statistical data of 743 townships in Province A in central China from 2001 to 2012, we use the difference-in-differences (DID) approach to investigate the effect of the reform of flattening governmental hierarchy at the township level on increasing farmers’ income. We find that the reform of grassroots flattening hierarchies significantly promotes the growth of farmers’ income. Specifically, in the face of economic-assessment pressure from the higher-level government and the incentives of fiscal excess revenue in the reform, the township government will make full use of the greater administrative power and resources endowed by the reform to vigorously attract investment to increase the number of enterprises and provide farmers with more non-agricultural employment opportunities, thus raising their wage income. Moreover, this reform’s income-increasing effect is more obvious in townships that are closer to the county seat and have more convenient transportation, a higher level of human capital, and a stronger ability to exercise administrative power.

不断提高农民收入对减贫十分重要。在多层次政府体系中，制度安排会影响基层政府在经济社会发展中的作用。基于 2001-2012 年中国中部 A 省 743 个乡镇的农村统计数据，我们采用差分法（DID）研究了乡镇一级政府层级扁平化改革对农民增收的影响。我们发现，基层扁平化改革显著促进了农民收入的增长。具体而言，面对上级政府的经济考核压力和改革中财政超收的激励，乡镇政府会充分利用改革赋予的更大行政权力和资源，大力招商引资增加企业数量，为农民提供更多的非农就业机会，从而提高农民的工资性收入。而且，在距离县城较近、交通便利、人力资本水平较高、行政权力行使能力较强的乡镇，这项改革的增收效果更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

How to guide venture capital to startups? Evidence from China's Science and Technology Innovation Board 如何引导风险资本进入初创企业？来自中国科技创新局的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101834

Ruigang Bi , Zonglai Kou , Min Zhou

Venture capital (VC) plays a vital role in supporting startups. However, in many developing economies, venture capitalists' tendency to prioritize later-stage over early-stage investments constrains their capacity to fund startups. China's recent Science and Technology Innovation Board (STAR) market establishment, with its focus on innovation ability over profitability, enables high-tech startups to list at early stages. This improves exit prospects for VCs investing to the early-stage startups. Employing a regression discontinuity design, our empirical analysis demonstrates that the STAR market establishment attracts additional capital to the VC market and guides VCs toward earlier-stage startups. Mechanism analysis indicates these effects stem from improved VC exit returns rather than heightened exit activities. Our findings underscore the efficacy of specialized stock markets for startups in channeling venture capital towards small and early-stage enterprises. These findings provide valuable insights for developing countries seeking to leverage VC for startup growth.

风险资本（VC）在支持初创企业方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，在许多发展中经济体，风险资本家倾向于优先考虑后期投资而非早期投资，这限制了他们为初创企业提供资金的能力。中国最近设立的科技创新板（STAR）市场注重创新能力而非盈利能力，使高科技初创企业能够在早期阶段上市。这改善了投资早期初创企业的风险投资机构的退出前景。通过采用回归不连续设计，我们的实证分析表明，STAR 市场的建立为风险投资市场吸引了更多资本，并引导风险投资转向早期初创企业。机制分析表明，这些效应源于风险投资退出回报的提高，而非退出活动的增加。我们的研究结果强调了初创企业专业股票市场在引导风险资本流向小型和早期企业方面的功效。这些发现为发展中国家寻求利用风险投资促进初创企业发展提供了宝贵的见解。

引用次数: 0

The power of speed: High-speed railways and scientific research competitiveness in China 速度的力量：高速铁路与中国科研竞争力

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101833

Ping Li , Yujing Wang , Meng Li , Haoyu Gao

This paper investigates the impact opening of high-speed railways (HSR) on scientific research competitiveness using data from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research grants. We employ a difference-in-differences framework to estimate the causal effects of the treatment universities located in cities connected by HSR. Our results indicate that the treatment universities experience significant improvements in their scientific research competitiveness. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we reveal the extensive positive effects of HSR on human capital accumulation, government funding, and information resources. These findings shed light on the microscopic mechanisms that facilitate positive spillover of knowledge creation and innovation resources from large cities to small cities through transportation infrastructure.

本文利用国家自然科学基金（NSFC）研究基金的数据，研究了高速铁路（HSR）的开通对科研竞争力的影响。我们采用差分法框架来估算位于高铁连接城市的待遇大学的因果效应。我们的结果表明，待遇大学的科研竞争力显著提高。为了理解其深层机制，我们揭示了高铁对人力资本积累、政府资助和信息资源的广泛积极影响。这些发现揭示了通过交通基础设施促进知识创造和创新资源从大城市向小城市积极溢出的微观机制。

引用次数: 0

An aging population and sustainable government debt: The case of Korea 人口老龄化与可持续的政府债务：韩国案例

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101831

Kwangyong Park

Although we have recently seen fiscal stress rising in many countries due to an increase in government spending and a rapidly aging population, there has been little research into fiscal sustainability while explicitly taking into account the fiscal stress caused by population aging. In this paper, we follow the same methodology as seen in Bi (2012) and examine the fiscal space of Korea, which has one of the fastest aging populations. This analysis shows that ignoring population aging leads to an over-estimation of fiscal space as large as 130% of GDP. Both increasing social security spending and supporting the National Pension significantly affect fiscal space. Finally, it is shown that fiscal sustainability and National Pension reform are closely related.

尽管我们最近看到，由于政府支出增加和人口迅速老龄化，许多国家的财政压力都在上升，但在明确考虑人口老龄化造成的财政压力的同时，对财政可持续性的研究却很少。在本文中，我们采用与 Bi（2012）相同的方法，研究了韩国的财政空间，韩国是人口老龄化速度最快的国家之一。分析表明，忽视人口老龄化会导致财政空间被高估，高估幅度高达 GDP 的 130%。增加社会保障支出和支持国民养老金都会对财政空间产生重大影响。最后，分析表明，财政可持续性与国民养老金改革密切相关。

引用次数: 0

Tax incentives and corporate digital transformation: Evidence from China’s accelerated depreciation policy 税收激励与企业数字化转型：来自中国加速折旧政策的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101832

Qianbin Feng , Ying Ge , Lexin Zhao

Corporate digital transformation is a significant path for industrial upgrading and sustainable development. This study employs China’s accelerated depreciation (AD) policy as a quasi-natural experiment to explore the impacts of tax incentives on the digital transformation of enterprises. Using panel data of China’s listed companies from 2010 to 2019, we find that AD policy significantly promotes firms to engage in digitization practices through the channels of firm investment and firm innovation. We also find that the policy effects are more pronounced for firms with a higher level of digitization, firms with stronger financial constraints, non-state-owned enterprises, and firms located in East China. Moreover, we also present a positive relationship betweendigital transformation and firm performance. Our study supplements the literature on the determinants of digital transformation and provides insights into how tax policy shapes firms’ incentives to be more digitized.

企业数字化转型是实现产业升级和可持续发展的重要途径。本研究利用中国的加速折旧政策作为准自然实验，探讨税收优惠政策对企业数字化转型的影响。利用 2010 年至 2019 年中国上市公司的面板数据，我们发现加速折旧政策通过企业投资和企业创新渠道显著促进了企业参与数字化实践。我们还发现，对于数字化水平较高的企业、财务约束较强的企业、非国有企业和位于华东地区的企业，政策效应更为明显。此外，我们还发现数字化转型与企业绩效之间存在正相关关系。我们的研究补充了有关数字化转型决定因素的文献，并就税收政策如何影响企业提高数字化水平的动机提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

Reducing farmland abandonment by raising women’s education levels: Evidence from China 通过提高妇女教育水平减少农田撂荒：来自中国的证据

IF 2.9 3区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Asian Economics

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.asieco.2024.101825

Yongmin Luo, Shenqi Ding, Fuzheng Xiang, Lujun Wang

With the rapid industrialization and the growing demand for male labor in urban industries, agricultural production in many developing countries presents obvious feminization features. Accordingly, improving the education level of rural women is the key to increasing farmland return and reducing farmland abandonment. Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study examines the effect of rural women’s education on farmland abandonment. The results reveal that for each increase in the education level of a hostess in a rural household, the abandoned farmland of that household decreases by 40 m². The increase in women’s education level can promote the use of the Internet, help households access credit, and better control the costs of agricultural production, thus curbing farmland abandonment. In addition, women’s education can play a stronger role in reducing farmland abandonment for rural areas where the land rental market is well developed, as well as for families whose male hosts go out to join non-farm work.

随着工业化进程的加快和城市工业对男性劳动力需求的增长，许多发展中国家的农业生产呈现出明显的女性化特征。因此，提高农村妇女的教育水平是增加耕地收益、减少耕地抛荒的关键。本研究利用中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据，考察了农村妇女受教育程度对耕地抛荒的影响。结果显示，农村家庭女主人的受教育程度每提高一个等级，该家庭的耕地抛荒面积就会减少 40 平方米。妇女受教育程度的提高可以促进互联网的使用，帮助家庭获得信贷，更好地控制农业生产成本，从而抑制耕地抛荒。此外，对于土地租赁市场发达的农村地区，以及男主人外出从事非农工作的家庭，妇女教育在减少耕地抛荒方面可以发挥更大的作用。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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