European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry最新文献

Purpose: To investigate the predictive ability of individual Caries Risk Assessments (CRA) regarding oral factors supplemented with social factors in relation to caries outcome in preschool children. Furthermore, to assess various models of CRA with oral and social factors included, aiming to identify the most suitable models for different age groups.

Methods: The design is a retrospective registry-based cohort study. Children visiting the dentists at ages 3 and 6 years were included. Data on oral and social factors were obtained from dental records, the Swedish Quality register for caries and periodontitis (SKaPa), and Statistics Sweden (SCB). Various models of CRA were designed, combining oral and social factors. Models were analyzed with univariable associations using simple logistic regression, and the results were presented as odds ratios (ORs). In addition, models were analyzed with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons were conducted by DeLong's test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Result: Oral factors were the most significant for caries outcome (OR 9.6), followed by social factors: foreign background (OR 4.6), low income (OR 2.83), low education of the mother (OR 2.77), single-parent family (OR 2.11), and having ≥ 3 siblings (OR 1.71), (p < 0.01). The predictive ability of CRA improved when models combining oral and social factors were used, compaired to CRA based solely on oral factors (p < 0.05). An increase of up to 15% was seen when CRA was conducted closer to the outcome.

Conclusion: Models for Caries Risk Assessment including oral and social factors increase the predictive ability. Caries Risk Assessment has limited durability.

Purpose: Investigating the effect of visual distraction using animated video cartoons (AVCs) on anxiety of children during class I class I glass-ionomer cement (GIC) restoration procedures.

Patients and methods: This randomized clinical trial, 42 children between the ages of 5-6 years were enrolled. These participants were divided into two groups: Group 1, consisting of 21 individuals (AVCs), who were exposed to a cartoon as a visual distraction tool, and Group 2, a control group with 21 participants who did not receive any form of distraction during their first visit. Both groups underwent class I GIC restoration procedures that were conducted in a consistent manner. To evaluate the anxiety levels of the children, measurements of their pulse rate (PR) were taken at the beginning and end of the treatment. Additionally, patient behavior was assessed using the Frankl behavior rating scale (FBRS) as well as validated self-reported dental anxiety scale, the Visual Analog Scale - Anxiety (VAS-A) score.

Results: In the control group, postoperative PR increased significantly, while the AVC group experienced a decrease compared to their preoperative PR levels. Additionally, audio-visual distraction had a notable impact on FBRS scores compared to the standard approach. Similarly, the VAS-A score displayed a significant reduction when patients received audio-visual distraction compared to the control condition. Subgroup analysis by gender showed that girls tended to be more responsive to AVCs than boys when evaluated by PR and FBRS, but such findings were not observed using VAS-A. Patients with deeper caries had higher VAS-A scores than those with shallower ones. Despite the caries depth, those who received AVC seemed to be calmer, especially to those with deeper lesions, as indicated lower postoperative VAS-A scores compared to their preoperative levels, unlike the control group.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of AVCs can be an effective method for reducing anxiety in children undergoing class I GIC restoration procedures.

Purpose: To assess levels of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children with and without Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and dental caries lesions.

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 159 children between 8 and 12 years of age were included. For the evaluation of DFA, children responded to the validated version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. MIH was assessed using the MIH Index. To evaluate the activity of dental caries lesions and dental caries experience, the Nyvad criterion and the dmft/DMFT index were used, respectively. Dental hypersensitivity was evaluated using air stimulation and a Visual Analogue Scale. The association between MIH and dental caries with DFA was assessed using the generalised linear model with Poisson family, identity link function and robust variance estimation. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results: The mean DFA score was 28.3 (SD = 13.4) with scores ranging from 15 to 64. Amongst children presenting both MIH and dental caries, the perception of DFA was notably higher compared to those with either MIH or dental caries alone. The activity of caries lesion in patients with MIH also influenced DFA levels (diff: 18.6; 95% CI: 12.0-25.2; p < 0.001). Dental caries experience in the primary dentition also demonstrated statistical significance concerning DFA (95% CI: 0.8-13.3; p value = 0.027).

Conclusion: Children with MIH exhibit higher levels of DFA than children without MIH. The experience of dental caries and the activity of caries lesions significantly influence the perception of DFA in children with MIH.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of apexification using bioceramics in immature permanent teeth, and to study the factors influencing treatment outcome and frequency of spontaneous cervical root fractures.

Methods: Forty-six children with 51 non-vital permanent incisors treated with a bioceramic apical plug were included. Mean age at pulp necrosis was 9.8 (SD 2.2) years and mean follow-up time was 3.3 (SD 2.4) years. Data were extracted from dental records and included stage of root development, presence of external root resorptions, clinical signs of infection, size of periapical lesion, type and placement of bioceramic plug, and spontaneous root fracture. Treatment outcome was assessed using periapical index (PAI-score) and presence of clinical symptoms. The statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Data were cross-tabulated and tested with chi-square statistic.

Results: Biodentine™ was used as apical plug in 78.4% of the teeth and MTA in 21.6%. Complete healing or signs of healing was reported in 86.3% of the teeth, whilst seven teeth (13.7%) were non-healed. All non-healed teeth had preoperative clinical signs of infection. No difference was found in stage of root development, presence of root resorption, and type and placement of bioceramic plug in healed and non-healed teeth (p > 0.05). Five teeth (9.8%) exhibited root fracture 1-6 years after treatment and all had very immature root development. Type of bioceramic or external root resorption was not associated with spontaneous root fracture.

Conclusion: Apexification using bioceramics showed favourable prognosis in immature permanent teeth. Very immature teeth were at risk of root fracture after apexification with bioceramics.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) and its association with socioeconomic characteristics and dental caries in a Brazilian population of preschoolers.

Material and methods: 603 preschoolers, enrolled in public preschools in Itajaí (state of Santa Catarina, Brazil), took part in the study. To assess the participants' socio-economic characteristics, an original questionnaire was formulated and sent to the children's parents. The clinical evaluation was carried out by a calibrated examiner using the deft/DMFT index for dental caries and Ghanim et al. (Ghanim et al., Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2015) criteria for HSPM. The data were analyzed through Poisson regression, using STATA statistical software, and the association analyses were presented by prevalence ratios (PR).

Results: The prevalence of at least one HSPM-affected second molar was 24.5%. The prevalence of HSPM was associated to the city's geographical regions of the Educational hubs (p < 0.001). A significant association was found between dental caries and HSPM (p = 0.003; PR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.09-1.56). Children with HSPM were 31% more likely to experience dental caries than children without HSPM. Geographical regions of educational hubs were also significantly associated with HSPM (p < 0.001). None of the socioeconomic characteristics was associated with HSPM (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: HSPM is a common developmental defect of enamel in children in our study. The HSPM distribution was associated with the city's geographic regions. Children with HSPM are more likely to experience dental caries. Socioeconomic characteristics were not associated with HSPM.

Purpose: The purpose of the present scoping review is to map the literature reporting on the application of digital workflows and digital technologies in the diagnosis, treatment, or management of dental conditions in paediatric patients. Furthermore, the review focuses on identifying possible knowledge gaps in the area and developing specific recommendations for future investigations.

Methods: An electronic search was performed on 3 databases up to July 2023. After the authors independently screened the retrieved articles, they extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) critical appraisal tools and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1 tool, depending on the study design assessed.

Results: After full-text assessment, 58 studies were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were divided into two groups according to the study design: 36 were research articles, and 22 were case reports; only the research articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most common topic was Scanners/3 d digital model analysis (11 articles), followed by Digital Imaging (8 articles). Digital applications were also a popular topic, and tele-dentistry and artificial intelligence were also present in the included studies.

Conclusion: Studies investigating the use of digital workflows and digital technologies in the diagnosis, treatment or management of dental conditions in paediatric dentistry are lacking. In general, future investigations should be based on higher quality studies; furthermore, the lack of studies on the clinical validation of digitally fabricated orthodontic devices and restorations in paediatric patients provides insights for future research.

Purpose: Although a series of studies on OXIS contacts have been performed, studies regarding changes in OXIS contacts over time are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the change in contact type between primary molars after 3 years in children aged 3-7 years.

Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted using 2922 sectional die models of 926 children. At baseline (T0), the contact type between the primary molars was scored using replication via the sectional die model method according to the OXIS criteria. After 3 years, the sectional die models of the same children were scored using the same criteria (T1).

Results: McNemar's tests revealed a significant change in contacts from baseline to 3 years. The post hoc test explained specific changes in the contacts that were observed to be significant. These were O to X (p < 0.001), O to I (p < 0.001), O to S (p = 0.035), and I to X (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: A significant change in OXIS contact over time was observed. The O-type contact underwent the maximum change. The least and most stable contacts are the "O" and "I" types, respectively. This change in contact type with age may alter the risk of caries in children.