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The Holloman Award 2026 2026年霍洛曼奖

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102570

引用次数: 0

On the nature of variant selection along build direction in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V walls 增材制造Ti-6Al-4V壁沿构筑方向变异选择的性质

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102523

Vikrant Saumitra , Avinash Gonnabattula , V. Anil Kumar , Anand K. Kanjarla

Microstructures in additively manufactured (AM) Ti–6Al–4V components result from a complex interplay between several competing factors such as thermal gradients, cooling rates, and repeated thermal cycles. As a result, microstructures vary significantly along the build direction. While several studies reported the variations in microstructure along the build direction in terms of grain size, morphology, and crystallographic texture, the changes in variant selection (VS), resulting from the phase transformation, along the build direction have not been reported. In this work, we report on the VS along the build direction in two slender walls of Ti–6Al–4V produced using Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and Wire Laser-Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) processes. We show that while both L-DED and L-PBF samples exhibited a decline in VS throughout the build, the underlying mechanisms responsible are different. We analyzed the variant clusters in detail and observed that the type and resulting intervariant boundaries depend on the process. L-DED predominantly favored Type II (60°/

〈 11 \bar{2} 0 〉

) intervariant boundaries, along with Cluster 1 variants, whereas L-PBF samples exhibited a preference for Type IV (63.26°/

〈 \bar{10} 55 \bar{3} 〉

) boundaries and Cluster 2 variants. Furthermore, it is shown that the presence of primarily facilitated massive transformation (

α_{m}

) in L-DED samples has a significant role in variant selection.

增材制造（AM） Ti-6Al-4V组件的微观结构是热梯度、冷却速率和重复热循环等几个竞争因素之间复杂的相互作用的结果。因此，微观结构沿着构建方向变化很大。虽然有一些研究报道了晶粒尺寸、形貌和晶体织构在构建方向上的微观结构变化，但相变导致的变异选择（VS）在构建方向上的变化尚未报道。在这项工作中，我们报告了用激光粉末床熔合（L-PBF）和线激光直接能量沉积（L-DED）工艺制备的Ti-6Al-4V细长壁沿构建方向的VS。我们发现，虽然L-DED和L-PBF样品在整个构建过程中都表现出VS的下降，但背后的机制是不同的。我们详细分析了变异簇，并观察到类型和产生的变异边界取决于过程。L-DED主要倾向于II型（60°/ < 112°0 >）变异边界以及簇1变异，而L-PBF样本则倾向于IV型（63.26°/ < 10°553°>）边界和簇2变异。此外，研究表明，L-DED样品中主要促进大规模转化（αm）的存在在变异选择中起着重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of B and Zr content on processability, microstructure, and mechanical performance of additively manufactured superalloy IN738LC B和Zr含量对增材制造高温合金IN738LC加工性能、显微组织和力学性能的影响

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102612

Abdul Shaafi Shaikh , Bharat Mehta , Yiming Yao , Eduard Hryha

The minor elements B and Zr have a major impact on the processability and high temperature properties of Ni-base superalloys additively manufactured by the Powder Bed Fusion Laser Beam (PBF-LB) process. To deconvolute the effects of these elements on microcracking and creep life, four variants of the IN738LC superalloy were tested: one with both B and Zr, one with only B, one with only Zr, and one with neither element. PBF-LB microcracking observations were rationalised using a modified Scheil solidification simulation incorporating the solute trapping effects during rapid solidification. Analysis of the microstructures was performed after HIP and heat treatment by SEM-EDX, EBSD, and NanoSIMS. High temperature tensile and creep tests were conducted to ascertain the relative mechanical performance of the four alloys. The alloy variant with both B and Zr resulted in a high crack density of 0.76 mm/mm² after PBF-LB processing, whereas variants with only one of the two elements showed significantly reduced crack density of ≈0.02 mm/mm². Creep rupture life of the variant with both B and Zr was 66 h at 760°C and 565 MPa, whereas no other variant produced life of more than 38 h, and the variants without either element ruptured in only 6 h. These results indicate that although B and Zr together promote microcracking, they also provide the best creep resistance only when alloyed in combination. The results are discussed in light of the microstructure analysis and with a view towards satisfying the apparently conflicting requirements of creep resistance and crack-free processability.

微量元素B和Zr对粉末床熔合激光束（PBF-LB）增材制备的镍基高温合金的可加工性和高温性能有重要影响。为了消除这些元素对微裂和蠕变寿命的影响，对IN738LC高温合金的四种变体进行了测试：同时含有B和Zr的合金、只含有B的合金、只含有Zr的合金和不含任何元素的合金。利用改进的Scheil凝固模拟，结合快速凝固过程中的溶质俘获效应，对PBF-LB微裂观察结果进行了合理解释。通过SEM-EDX、EBSD和NanoSIMS对样品进行HIP和热处理后的显微组织分析。通过高温拉伸和蠕变试验确定了四种合金的相对力学性能。在PBF-LB处理后，含有B和Zr的合金变体的裂纹密度高达0.76 mm/mm2，而只含有两种元素中的一种的合金变体的裂纹密度显著降低，为≈0.02 mm/mm2。在760°C和565 MPa条件下，含B和Zr的合金的蠕变断裂寿命为66 h，而其他合金的蠕变断裂寿命均不超过38 h，不含B和Zr的合金的断裂时间仅为6 h。这些结果表明，尽管B和Zr共同促进微裂，但它们只有在合金组合时才能提供最佳的抗蠕变性能。从微观结构分析的角度对结果进行了讨论，以期满足明显矛盾的抗蠕变和无裂纹加工性能的要求。

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引用次数: 0

Study on modulating grain boundary characteristic distribution in 740H nickel-based alloy by thermomechanical processing 740H镍基合金热加工中晶界特征分布的调制研究

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102620

Yurong Guo , Yaohui Song , Yugui Li , Huaying Li , Guanghui Zhao , Yibo Lu , Saikun Gao

This research systematically investigates the impact of deformation and annealing processes during thermomechanical processing on the microstructural evolution and grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of nickel-based alloys. The results show that a proper combination of thermomechanical processing parameters can significantly optimize the GBCD. A 5% deformation, which results in relatively low stored energy, is insufficient to continuously drive grain boundary migration, hindering GBCD optimization. In contrast, 10% deformation significantly increases the stored energy, providing sufficient driving force for strain-induced boundary migration (SIBM), thus promoting rapid grain boundary migration. During the early stages of annealing, the higher dislocation density and its relatively uniform distribution further enhance the interactions and evolution of special boundaries, such as Σ3, Σ9, and Σ27, leading to a notable improvement in the GBCD. Moreover, after 10% deformation and 10 minutes of annealing, the residual stress reaches saturation, making it difficult to continue driving SIBM. At the same time, some Σ3 boundaries are consumed by random high-angle boundaries due to orientation deviations, further suppressing the proliferation of low ΣCSL boundaries and hindering further optimization of the GBCD.

本研究系统地研究了热处理过程中变形和退火工艺对镍基合金显微组织演变和晶界特征分布的影响。结果表明，合理的热处理参数组合可以显著优化GBCD。5%的变形导致存储能量较低，不足以持续驱动晶界迁移，阻碍了GBCD优化。相比之下，10%的变形显著增加了储存能量，为应变诱导边界迁移（SIBM）提供了足够的驱动力，从而促进了晶界的快速迁移。在退火初期，较高的位错密度及其相对均匀的分布进一步增强了特殊边界（Σ3， Σ9， Σ27）的相互作用和演化，导致了GBCD的显著改善。在10%变形和10分钟退火后，残余应力达到饱和，难以继续驱动SIBM。同时，由于取向偏差，一些Σ3边界被随机的高角度边界消耗，进一步抑制了低ΣCSL边界的扩散，阻碍了GBCD的进一步优化。

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引用次数: 0

Acta Materialia Silver Medal 2026 材料学报银质奖章2026

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102572

引用次数: 0

RECIPIENTS OF THE 2024 ACTA MATERIALIA, INC. STUDENT AWARDS 2024年材料学报的接受者，inc。学生奖

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102600

引用次数: 0

Acta Materialia Gold Medal 2026 《材料学报》第2026期

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102568

引用次数: 0

Direct aging hardening and deformation resistant of additively manufactured 17-6 precipitation-hardened stainless steel: Microstructural evolution and precipitation mechanism 增材制造17-6析出硬化不锈钢的直接时效硬化及抗变形性能：显微组织演变及析出机理

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102616

Zhao-Sheng Wu, Kai-Chieh Chang, Fei-Yi Hung

This study investigates 17–6 stainless steel processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), focusing on the microstructure and mechanical properties following direct aging heat treatment. The applicability of horizontal (X) and vertical (Z) build directions was evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the as-printed lath martensitic structure was retained after direct aging, with precipitation hardening contributing to improved tensile properties. The horizontally printed specimens exhibited fewer melting pool defects, which prevent mechanical degradation. Consequently, subsequent analyses focused on the superior-performing horizontal builds. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) phase composition and local strain distribution analyses revealed high body-centered cubic (BCC) phase fractions (∼ 98 %) and sustained ductility due to dislocation recovery. Thermal cycling tests further demonstrated that the mechanical properties and phase composition of the post-cycled material were maintained, suggesting excellent potential for high-temperature and high-strength applications. For strength-critical applications, an aging condition of 495 °C for 3.0 h leads to an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1413 MPa and an elongation (EL) of 19.1 %. For applications requiring improved toughness, direct aging at 560 °C for 3.0 hours results in a toughness of 51 J with an EL of 20.9 %. Unlike commercial 17–4 and 17–7 stainless steels, 17–6 stainless steel does not require solution treatment to reduce the retained austenite. Direct aging enables the use of thin-walled components, minimizing deformation while providing substantial strengthening and achieving energy savings.

采用激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）工艺对17-6不锈钢进行了热处理，重点研究了直接时效热处理后的组织和力学性能。评估了水平(X)和垂直(Z)建造方向的适用性。实验结果表明，直接时效后，板条马氏体组织仍保持不变，析出硬化有助于提高拉伸性能。水平打印的试样具有较少的熔池缺陷，防止了机械退化。因此，随后的分析集中在性能优越的水平构建上。电子背散射衍射（EBSD）相组成和局部应变分布分析显示，高体心立方（BCC）相分数（~ 98%）和由于位错恢复而持续的延展性。热循环测试进一步表明，循环后材料的力学性能和相组成保持不变，表明其具有良好的高温和高强度应用潜力。对于强度临界应用，在495℃、3.0 h的时效条件下，拉伸强度（UTS）达到1413 MPa，伸长率（EL）达到19.1%。对于需要提高韧性的应用，直接在560°C下时效3.0小时，韧性为51 J， EL为20.9%。与商业17-4和17-7不锈钢不同，17-6不锈钢不需要固溶处理来减少残留的奥氏体。直接老化使薄壁组件的使用，最大限度地减少变形，同时提供实质性的加强和实现节能。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of alternating magnetic field on intermetallic evolution and mechanical properties of Al/Fe laser welds 交变磁场对Al/Fe激光焊缝金属间演化及力学性能的影响

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102611

Honglin Mu , Zengrong Hu , Zhenxing Li , Xiaonan Wang , Shuncun Luo , Meng Cao , Hiromi Nagaumi

The rapid formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the steel-aluminum interface during laser welding severely deteriorates the mechanical properties of the joint. This study investigates the effects of alternating magnetic field assistance on the laser welding of a 1.5 mm thick Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel and a 2 mm thick 6061 T6 aluminum plate. Results indicate that the alternating magnetic field can stabilize the flow inside the molten pool, and the number of fish scales on the weld surface is reduced. Also, welding spatter is significantly reduced during welding. The magnetic field suppresses the diffusion of Fe and Al, resulting in fewer needle-like FeAl₃ phases, thus enhancing the ductility and toughness of the welds. Tensile tests show that the maximum load and elongation are 65% and 137% higher than under non-magnetic welding conditions.

在激光焊接过程中，钢-铝界面处迅速形成脆性金属间化合物，严重破坏了接头的力学性能。研究了交变磁场辅助对1.5 mm厚Al-Si涂层22MnB5钢与2 mm厚6061 T6铝板激光焊接的影响。结果表明，交变磁场能稳定熔池内的流动，减少焊缝表面鱼鳞的数量。此外，焊接过程中的焊接飞溅也大大减少。磁场抑制了Fe和Al的扩散，导致针状FeAl3相减少，从而提高了焊缝的延展性和韧性。拉伸试验表明，与无磁焊接相比，该材料的最大载荷和伸长率分别提高了65%和137%。

引用次数: 0

Crystal plasticity finite element modeling of the deformation response of AA7050 processed via additive friction stir deposition 添加剂搅拌摩擦沉积AA7050变形响应的晶体塑性有限元模拟

IF 2.9 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materialia

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102610

Ezra Mengiste , Jacob Strain , Luke N. Brewer , Matthew Kasemer

Among the various nascent additive manufacturing methods, additive friction stir deposition, or AFSD, has emerged as an attractive manufacturing modality for use with aluminum alloys. The extreme heat input and mechanical deformation incurred during AFSD processing, however, may significantly affect the microstructural state of the material. In aluminum alloy (AA) 7050, it is observed that that the deposited material exhibits a loss of strength compared to tempered feedstock, which is attributed largely to the changes in the microstructure of the material. In this work, we utilize crystal plasticity finite element modeling informed by experimental characterization and mechanical testing to examine the mechanical properties of AA7050 samples processed via AFSD. This is conducted through the implementation of a model governing precipitate strengthening to provide predictions of the influence that the size and volume fraction of precipitates have on the mechanical behavior of the material. We discuss this implementation, its effects, and further discuss the influence of crystallographic texture and grain size on the mechanical behavior of the material. We are able to demonstrate a framework that is capable of capturing the combined contribution of the weakened texture and coarse precipitate distribution of the builds to the observed drop in macroscopic strength and make observations on the stress distributions.

在各种新兴的增材制造方法中，添加剂搅拌摩擦沉积（AFSD）已成为一种有吸引力的铝合金制造方式。然而，在AFSD加工过程中产生的极端热输入和机械变形可能会显著影响材料的微观组织状态。在铝合金（AA） 7050中，与回火原料相比，沉积材料表现出强度损失，这主要归因于材料微观结构的变化。在这项工作中，我们利用晶体塑性有限元建模，通过实验表征和力学测试来研究经过AFSD处理的AA7050样品的力学性能。这是通过实施控制沉淀强化的模型来进行的，该模型可以预测沉淀的大小和体积分数对材料力学行为的影响。我们讨论了这种实现及其效果，并进一步讨论了晶体织构和晶粒尺寸对材料力学行为的影响。我们能够演示一个框架，该框架能够捕获建筑物的弱化纹理和粗沉淀物分布对观察到的宏观强度下降的综合贡献，并对应力分布进行观察。

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