Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102670
Hugo Schaal , Philippe Castany , Thierry Gloriant
A new potentially biocompatible Ti-22Zr-7Nb-2Sn (at.%) alloy was prepared by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) directly from pure elemental powders (in situ alloying). The manufactured alloy was characterized in its as-fabricated state by cyclic tensile tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The as-fabricated microstructure is dual-phased, composed of both β and α″ phases, with a majority of β phase. Cyclic tensile tests show high strain-hardening, with a maximum strain-hardening rate of approximately 14 GPa. The post deformation microstructure is studied to highlight the deformation mechanisms of the present alloy and exhibits a large fraction of stress-induced martensitic α″ phase, which formed from the parent β phase according to the standard orientation relationship (OR) during tensile test. The identification of the martensitic variants, their interfaces with the parent phase and the twinning relationships between them are reported in this study based on crystallographic investigations. In view of all these results, a deformation sequence of the Ti-22Zr-7Nb-2Sn (at.%) alloy is proposed.
{"title":"Characterization of the stress-induced martensitic transformation in a Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn biomedical alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Hugo Schaal , Philippe Castany , Thierry Gloriant","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new potentially biocompatible Ti-22Zr-7Nb-2Sn (at.%) alloy was prepared by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) directly from pure elemental powders (<em>in situ</em> alloying<em>)</em>. The manufactured alloy was characterized in its as-fabricated state by cyclic tensile tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The as-fabricated microstructure is dual-phased, composed of both β and α″ phases, with a majority of β phase. Cyclic tensile tests show high strain-hardening, with a maximum strain-hardening rate of approximately 14 GPa. The post deformation microstructure is studied to highlight the deformation mechanisms of the present alloy and exhibits a large fraction of stress-induced martensitic α″ phase, which formed from the parent β phase according to the standard orientation relationship (OR) during tensile test. The identification of the martensitic variants, their interfaces with the parent phase and the twinning relationships between them are reported in this study based on crystallographic investigations. In view of all these results, a deformation sequence of the Ti-22Zr-7Nb-2Sn (at.%) alloy is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The origin of the selection of slip systems in the transformation-induced dislocations after the B2–B19′ forward and reverse transformations in Ti–Ni shape memory alloys was investigated. To this end, habit plane of a finely twinned martensite plate was modeled in a zig-zag shape, and a geometrical measure was introduced to quantify the incompatibility of the transition layer. This measure was defined based on a simplified displacement field that was geometrically constructed to ensure compatibility between the transition layer and its surroundings. Using this measure, the effectiveness of each slip system in accommodating the incompatibility was evaluated, and the slip system most effective in accommodating the local incompatibility was identified. As a result, it was found that the slip system that can accommodate the incompatibility most effectively is the slip system whose slip plane is nearly parallel to the twin boundaries of lattice invariant deformation for each habit plane variant. These slip systems correspond to the experimentally identified slip systems in the many previous studies. Based on this result, the selection of the slip system of the transformation-induced dislocations can be explained geometrically and thermodynamically as a tendency to minimize the strain energy of the system by accommodating the incompatibility in the transition layer.
{"title":"Geometric accommodation of local incompatibility of parent/martensite interface by transformation-induced dislocations in Ti–Ni","authors":"Gen Hikosaka , Yuri Shinohara , Ryutaro Matsumura , Minoru Nishida , Tomonari Inamura","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of the selection of slip systems in the transformation-induced dislocations after the B2–B19′ forward and reverse transformations in Ti–Ni shape memory alloys was investigated. To this end, habit plane of a finely twinned martensite plate was modeled in a zig-zag shape, and a geometrical measure was introduced to quantify the incompatibility of the transition layer. This measure was defined based on a simplified displacement field that was geometrically constructed to ensure compatibility between the transition layer and its surroundings. Using this measure, the effectiveness of each slip system in accommodating the incompatibility was evaluated, and the slip system most effective in accommodating the local incompatibility was identified. As a result, it was found that the slip system that can accommodate the incompatibility most effectively is the slip system whose slip plane is nearly parallel to the twin boundaries of lattice invariant deformation for each habit plane variant. These slip systems correspond to the experimentally identified slip systems in the many previous studies. Based on this result, the selection of the slip system of the transformation-induced dislocations can be explained geometrically and thermodynamically as a tendency to minimize the strain energy of the system by accommodating the incompatibility in the transition layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102653
Mostafa M.A. Mohamed , Mohamed H. Hamza , Laurence A.J. Garvie , M.F. Rabbi , Desireé Cotto-Figueroa , Erik Asphaug , Aditi Chattopadhyay
The mechanical behavior and fracture evolution of the Viñales meteorite were investigated through combined microstructural characterization and quasi-static compression experiments. Elemental mapping and electron imaging reveal a material dominated by a heterogeneous distribution of silicate minerals, with embedded Fe–Ni metal and troilite grains, which, as a whole, is penetrated by pervasive shock-melt veins. Compression tests with digital image correlation show brittle stress–strain responses and highly localized deformation that evolve into complex fracture networks, producing both single and multiple axial splits. X-ray computed tomography shows that cracks preferentially propagate through the brittle phases, i.e., troilite and silicates, whereas the ductile Fe–Ni metal grains deflect or arrest their growth. These results highlight the strong influence of microstructural heterogeneity on fragmentation processes in meteorites. The findings provide new insights into fracture mechanisms in stony astromaterials, with implications for asteroid disruption, regolith formation, and predictive modeling of failure in meteoritic materials.
{"title":"Mechanical and failure behavior of the viñales (L6) ordinary chondrite: linking microstructure to axial splitting fractures","authors":"Mostafa M.A. Mohamed , Mohamed H. Hamza , Laurence A.J. Garvie , M.F. Rabbi , Desireé Cotto-Figueroa , Erik Asphaug , Aditi Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behavior and fracture evolution of the Viñales meteorite were investigated through combined microstructural characterization and quasi-static compression experiments. Elemental mapping and electron imaging reveal a material dominated by a heterogeneous distribution of silicate minerals, with embedded Fe–Ni metal and troilite grains, which, as a whole, is penetrated by pervasive shock-melt veins. Compression tests with digital image correlation show brittle stress–strain responses and highly localized deformation that evolve into complex fracture networks, producing both single and multiple axial splits. X-ray computed tomography shows that cracks preferentially propagate through the brittle phases, i.e., troilite and silicates, whereas the ductile Fe–Ni metal grains deflect or arrest their growth. These results highlight the strong influence of microstructural heterogeneity on fragmentation processes in meteorites. The findings provide new insights into fracture mechanisms in stony astromaterials, with implications for asteroid disruption, regolith formation, and predictive modeling of failure in meteoritic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102655
Nilesh R Bhoi , Madhulika Narayan , Jayesh Bellare
Biodegradable fixation devices offer temporary stability during bone healing and resorb over time, avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, their clinical translation is limited by low mechanical strength, poor scalability, and unpredictable degradation. This study develops poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites reinforced with silk fibroin (SF) and magnesium oxide (MgO) using a scalable melt-extrusion platform to emulate the organic–inorganic synergy of bone and enhance mechanical and biological performance. PCL was selected as a neutral-degrading matrix to circumvent acidic by-products associated with PLA-based implants. Screws, pins, and tensile specimens were fabricated via optimized melt-mixing and injection molding to evaluate filler ratios, processing temperature, and geometry. Mechanical testing showed up to 1.2 × higher screw compressive properties and up to 2 × higher pin bending strength and 4 × greater modulus than neat PCL. Optimal processing (190 °C, 50 rpm) improved viscosity balance and filler dispersion. At low concentrations, SF enhanced tensile strength via interfacial adhesion, whereas MgO increased stiffness; excessive loading caused aggregation and brittleness. Dual-filler systems demonstrated synergistic reinforcement and achieved values within the trabecular-bone range. Degradation profiles were composition- and geometry-dependent, with sustained mass loss and controlled Mg²⁺/SF release; MgO-rich samples showed surface mineral deposition indicative of magnesium phosphate. Osteoblast-like cell assays confirmed cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and improved proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation versus PCL. Rabbit tibial implantation showed defect bridging, increased bone mineral density, and no systemic toxicity. The 30 wt% SF–10 wt% MgO composite delivered the best balance of strength, degradation, and bioactivity. These PCL–SF–MgO composites show strong potential for next-generation biodegradable orthopedic fixation.
{"title":"Continuous melt-mixing of bioresorbable polymeric composites for orthopedic fixation devices based on PCL-silk fibroin-MgO","authors":"Nilesh R Bhoi , Madhulika Narayan , Jayesh Bellare","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable fixation devices offer temporary stability during bone healing and resorb over time, avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, their clinical translation is limited by low mechanical strength, poor scalability, and unpredictable degradation. This study develops poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites reinforced with silk fibroin (SF) and magnesium oxide (MgO) using a scalable melt-extrusion platform to emulate the organic–inorganic synergy of bone and enhance mechanical and biological performance. PCL was selected as a neutral-degrading matrix to circumvent acidic by-products associated with PLA-based implants. Screws, pins, and tensile specimens were fabricated via optimized melt-mixing and injection molding to evaluate filler ratios, processing temperature, and geometry. Mechanical testing showed up to 1.2 × higher screw compressive properties and up to 2 × higher pin bending strength and 4 × greater modulus than neat PCL. Optimal processing (190 °C, 50 rpm) improved viscosity balance and filler dispersion. At low concentrations, SF enhanced tensile strength via interfacial adhesion, whereas MgO increased stiffness; excessive loading caused aggregation and brittleness. Dual-filler systems demonstrated synergistic reinforcement and achieved values within the trabecular-bone range. Degradation profiles were composition- and geometry-dependent, with sustained mass loss and controlled Mg²⁺/SF release; MgO-rich samples showed surface mineral deposition indicative of magnesium phosphate. Osteoblast-like cell assays confirmed cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and improved proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation versus PCL. Rabbit tibial implantation showed defect bridging, increased bone mineral density, and no systemic toxicity. The 30 wt% SF–10 wt% MgO composite delivered the best balance of strength, degradation, and bioactivity. These PCL–SF–MgO composites show strong potential for next-generation biodegradable orthopedic fixation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102622
Muhammad Wisnugroho , Fraser H.J. Laidlaw , Andrei V. Gromov , Colin Farquharson , Fabio Nudelman
Non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) are specialized biomacromolecules within the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate the mineralization of calcified tissues, such as bone and dentin. Numerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that natural polyanionic NCPs and their analogues can mediate intrafibrillar mineralization, characterized by the infiltration of apatite minerals into collagen fibrils. However, these studies primarily utilize self-assembled collagen fibrils or demineralized mature tissues, leaving it unclear whether pristine embryonic bone ECM at a developmental stage permissive to mineral deposition can regulate intrafibrillar mineralization independently or requires polyanionic NCP substitutes to promote the process artificially. To address this, we employed an ex vivo model of endochondral ossification using metatarsals isolated from 15-day-old embryonic mice (E15). In addition to a supersaturated calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) medium, we introduced fetuin-A, a native polyanionic NCP or poly-DL-aspartic acid (pAsp), commonly used as an NCP substitute. The incorporation of either additive was essential for the effective mineralization of embryonic metatarsals. Both fetuin-A and pAsp played a direct role in facilitating the infiltration of Ca-Pi precursors into the avascular cartilaginous matrix. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) exhibiting diverse levels of crystallinity, with fetuin-A supplementation resulting in the greatest HAp accumulation within the rudiments. HAp was localized in the perichondrium, a region conducive to initial mineralization and enriched with a fibrillar network of collagen types I and II. Three-dimensional reconstructions implementing Dijkstra’s algorithm revealed the association between HAp and collagen fibrils either organized in an intrafibrillar, extrafibrillar, or combined arrangement.
{"title":"Polyanionic non-collagenous proteins and their analogues promote artificial mineralization of embryonic mouse bone","authors":"Muhammad Wisnugroho , Fraser H.J. Laidlaw , Andrei V. Gromov , Colin Farquharson , Fabio Nudelman","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) are specialized biomacromolecules within the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate the mineralization of calcified tissues, such as bone and dentin. Numerous <em>in vitro</em> studies have demonstrated that natural polyanionic NCPs and their analogues can mediate intrafibrillar mineralization, characterized by the infiltration of apatite minerals into collagen fibrils. However, these studies primarily utilize self-assembled collagen fibrils or demineralized mature tissues, leaving it unclear whether pristine embryonic bone ECM at a developmental stage permissive to mineral deposition can regulate intrafibrillar mineralization independently or requires polyanionic NCP substitutes to promote the process artificially. To address this, we employed an <em>ex vivo</em> model of endochondral ossification using metatarsals isolated from 15-day-old embryonic mice (E15). In addition to a supersaturated calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) medium, we introduced fetuin-A, a native polyanionic NCP or poly-DL-aspartic acid (pAsp), commonly used as an NCP substitute. The incorporation of either additive was essential for the effective mineralization of embryonic metatarsals. Both fetuin-A and pAsp played a direct role in facilitating the infiltration of Ca-Pi precursors into the avascular cartilaginous matrix. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) exhibiting diverse levels of crystallinity, with fetuin-A supplementation resulting in the greatest HAp accumulation within the rudiments. HAp was localized in the perichondrium, a region conducive to initial mineralization and enriched with a fibrillar network of collagen types I and II. Three-dimensional reconstructions implementing Dijkstra’s algorithm revealed the association between HAp and collagen fibrils either organized in an intrafibrillar, extrafibrillar, or combined arrangement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102668
Anthony Naccarelli , Wyatt Auman , Justin Reiss , Jeremy Schreiber , Mala Sharma , Timothy Eden
Diverging section nozzle clogging is an issue in high pressure cold spray that can limit spray-ability and process parameter selection for certain powder-nozzle material combinations. This phenomenon is not well understood or well-characterized due to the difficulty and cost required for experimentation. An experimental framework for quantitative evaluation and analysis of nozzle clogging in cold spray is presented for aluminum 6061 powder particles in 304 stainless steel split nozzles. Backscatter scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize nozzle wall deposits at various locations in the diverging section of the split nozzles and compared for different particle size distributions, powder flow times, and for a misaligned injector tube. Experimental data are presented and mechanisms for initiation and progression of nozzle clogging in cold spray are proposed. Particles impact the nozzle wall which leaves residual particle material adhered to the nozzle wall. Subsequent impacts lead to additional transferred particle material and the formation of agglomerates on the nozzle wall. There was a measured difference where a particle size distribution of 20–37µ m showed less overall deposited material and different agglomerate geometry in the latter half of the diverging section when compared to distributions with larger particle sizes. A misaligned injector showed more overall deposited material near-throat. Average particle speeds were measured and analyzed. Dynamic impact models were built and loaded with gas-dynamics model predictions at three different diverging section locations and three different impact angles. The impact models were used to explain percent area results related to particle size and injector offset.
{"title":"Nozzle clogging in cold spray of aluminum 6061 through 304 stainless steel split nozzles: Mechanisms, observations, and quantitative measurements","authors":"Anthony Naccarelli , Wyatt Auman , Justin Reiss , Jeremy Schreiber , Mala Sharma , Timothy Eden","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diverging section nozzle clogging is an issue in high pressure cold spray that can limit spray-ability and process parameter selection for certain powder-nozzle material combinations. This phenomenon is not well understood or well-characterized due to the difficulty and cost required for experimentation. An experimental framework for quantitative evaluation and analysis of nozzle clogging in cold spray is presented for aluminum 6061 powder particles in 304 stainless steel split nozzles. Backscatter scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize nozzle wall deposits at various locations in the diverging section of the split nozzles and compared for different particle size distributions, powder flow times, and for a misaligned injector tube. Experimental data are presented and mechanisms for initiation and progression of nozzle clogging in cold spray are proposed. Particles impact the nozzle wall which leaves residual particle material adhered to the nozzle wall. Subsequent impacts lead to additional transferred particle material and the formation of agglomerates on the nozzle wall. There was a measured difference where a particle size distribution of 20–37µ m showed less overall deposited material and different agglomerate geometry in the latter half of the diverging section when compared to distributions with larger particle sizes. A misaligned injector showed more overall deposited material near-throat. Average particle speeds were measured and analyzed. Dynamic impact models were built and loaded with gas-dynamics model predictions at three different diverging section locations and three different impact angles. The impact models were used to explain percent area results related to particle size and injector offset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102667
Jingming Zhao , Sheng Gao , Dezhi Li , Yongpeng Zhang , Xinjun Shen , Jun Chen , Xiaonan Wang , Guodong Wang
To overcome the industrial limitation of conventional deformation-induced ferrite transformation (DIFT), which is typically restricted to temperatures below 810 °C, this study employed Al alloying in an Fe-0.06C-1.5Mn steel. The addition of 1.5 wt % Al reduced the Gibbs free energy difference for the austenite-to-ferrite transformation by approximately 140 J/mol. This reduction effectively lowered the activation barrier for DIFT, significantly destabilized austenite, and successfully induced DIFT within an elevated temperature range of 800–1100 °C. Rolling at 1100 °C yielded DIFT ferrite grains of approximately 5 μm with a maximum ferrite fraction of 83 %, while rolling at 800 °C with low strain rates produced ultrafine DIFT ferrite of ∼2.36 μm. The enrichment of C and Al elements at prior austenite grain boundaries enhances local stability, suppressing boundary nucleation and forcing intragranular nucleation. This new phenomenon can be termed the "Continuous DIFT". This work provides a novel pathway for achieving DIFT at high temperature through Al alloying and developing high-strength-toughness steels.
{"title":"Occurrence of DIFT in steel at high temperatures and its newly discovered intragranular nucleation mechanism","authors":"Jingming Zhao , Sheng Gao , Dezhi Li , Yongpeng Zhang , Xinjun Shen , Jun Chen , Xiaonan Wang , Guodong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the industrial limitation of conventional deformation-induced ferrite transformation (DIFT), which is typically restricted to temperatures below 810 °C, this study employed Al alloying in an Fe-0.06C-1.5Mn steel. The addition of 1.5 wt % Al reduced the Gibbs free energy difference for the austenite-to-ferrite transformation by approximately 140 J/mol. This reduction effectively lowered the activation barrier for DIFT, significantly destabilized austenite, and successfully induced DIFT within an elevated temperature range of 800–1100 °C. Rolling at 1100 °C yielded DIFT ferrite grains of approximately 5 μm with a maximum ferrite fraction of 83 %, while rolling at 800 °C with low strain rates produced ultrafine DIFT ferrite of ∼2.36 μm. The enrichment of C and Al elements at prior austenite grain boundaries enhances local stability, suppressing boundary nucleation and forcing intragranular nucleation. This new phenomenon can be termed the \"Continuous DIFT\". This work provides a novel pathway for achieving DIFT at high temperature through Al alloying and developing high-strength-toughness steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102665
Olga Russkikh , Anastasia Permyakova , Elena Filonova , Evgenii Velichko , Alexander Ostroushko
Perovskite nanomaterials based on LaMnO3+δ doped with alkali metals are effective and inexpensive catalysts for the oxidation of soot, a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fuels or organic compounds. Present study examines the synthesis characteristics and properties of the La0.9A0.1MnO3+δ (A=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) catalysts for soot oxidation with atmospheric oxygen as a function of the crystallographic radii and electronegativity of the alkali dopants in the perovskite A-site. Correlations are established between the combustion temperature of the initial precursors, the intensity of the electrical charges generated in the precursors during combustion, the specific surface area of the resulting complex oxides, and the activation energy of the catalytic oxidation of carbon black. The relationship between the above parameters and the ionic radius and electronegativity of the dopants is also considered. It is shown that in the presence of the LaMnO3+δ-based catalysts: 1) the concentration of released carbon(II) oxide is reduced by >50 times, 2) soot is more completely oxidized to CO2, and 3) the degree of soot conversion increases when the catalyst is applied to the nickel foam support.
{"title":"Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity features of alkali-substituted nanostructured lanthanum manganites","authors":"Olga Russkikh , Anastasia Permyakova , Elena Filonova , Evgenii Velichko , Alexander Ostroushko","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite nanomaterials based on LaMnO<sub>3+δ</sub> doped with alkali metals are effective and inexpensive catalysts for the oxidation of soot, a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fuels or organic compounds. Present study examines the synthesis characteristics and properties of the La<sub>0.9</sub>A<sub>0.1</sub>MnO<sub>3+δ</sub> (<em>A</em>=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) catalysts for soot oxidation with atmospheric oxygen as a function of the crystallographic radii and electronegativity of the alkali dopants in the perovskite A-site. Correlations are established between the combustion temperature of the initial precursors, the intensity of the electrical charges generated in the precursors during combustion, the specific surface area of the resulting complex oxides, and the activation energy of the catalytic oxidation of carbon black. The relationship between the above parameters and the ionic radius and electronegativity of the dopants is also considered. It is shown that in the presence of the LaMnO<sub>3+δ</sub>-based catalysts: 1) the concentration of released carbon(II) oxide is reduced by >50 times, 2) soot is more completely oxidized to CO<sub>2</sub>, and 3) the degree of soot conversion increases when the catalyst is applied to the nickel foam support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102687
Jian Yin , Yunhua Luo , Yushun Liu , Guo-zhen Zhu
By optimizing micro-alloying and heat treatment conditions, three distinct morphologies of LPSO phases are achieved in cast Mg-Gd-Ni (Zn) alloys, while maintaining comparable LPSO volume fractions, Mg matrix composition and grain size. Unexpectedly, discontinuous intergranular LPSO, accompanied by a few LPSO fine lamellae inside grains, significantly enhanced both strength and ductility, contrary to the commonly held belief that intragranular fine lamellar LPSO precipitates are more beneficial for mechanical performance. This LPSO configuration promotes non-basal slip activation and homogeneous deformation, leading to a desirable strength-ductility synergy. These findings offer new insights into the design of high-performance Mg alloys through controlled LPSO phase engineering.
通过优化微合金化和热处理条件，在铸态Mg- gd - ni （Zn）合金中获得了三种不同形态的LPSO相，同时保持了相当的LPSO体积分数、Mg基体成分和晶粒尺寸。出乎意料的是，不连续的晶间LPSO，伴随着少量的晶内LPSO细片层，显著提高了强度和延展性，这与通常认为的晶内LPSO细片层相更有利于力学性能相反。这种LPSO结构促进了非基底滑移激活和均匀变形，从而实现了理想的强度-延性协同作用。这些发现为通过控制LPSO相工程设计高性能镁合金提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Strength-ductility synergy enabled by morphology modulation of LPSO phases in a Cast Mg-Gd-Ni alloy","authors":"Jian Yin , Yunhua Luo , Yushun Liu , Guo-zhen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By optimizing micro-alloying and heat treatment conditions, three distinct morphologies of LPSO phases are achieved in cast Mg-Gd-Ni (Zn) alloys, while maintaining comparable LPSO volume fractions, Mg matrix composition and grain size. Unexpectedly, discontinuous intergranular LPSO, accompanied by a few LPSO fine lamellae inside grains, significantly enhanced both strength and ductility, contrary to the commonly held belief that intragranular fine lamellar LPSO precipitates are more beneficial for mechanical performance. This LPSO configuration promotes non-basal slip activation and homogeneous deformation, leading to a desirable strength-ductility synergy. These findings offer new insights into the design of high-performance Mg alloys through controlled LPSO phase engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102578
Sanika A. Paranjape , Prashant Huilgol , Satyam Suwas , Laszlo S. Toth , Satish V. Kailas
A new type of shear texture was observed to persist in pure magnesium deformed up to large strains by a new process: High Pressure Compressive Reciprocating Shear (HPCRS). A large von-Mises strain of 33 was imposed through this recently proposed severe plastic deformation process. The new component of shear texture is a fiber, with the c-axis of the crystallites lying in the shear plane. These orientations were theoretically predicted to be unstable under simple shear deformation, so they should be non-existent at large strains. The stability of this fiber despite very large strain deformation is attributed to the initial twinning activity and the unique reciprocating nature of shear strain imposed on the material through HPCRS. Viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal plasticity simulations could explain the existence of the new shear fiber texture.
{"title":"New shear fiber texture component in pure Mg subjected to strain reversal through high pressure compressive reciprocating shear","authors":"Sanika A. Paranjape , Prashant Huilgol , Satyam Suwas , Laszlo S. Toth , Satish V. Kailas","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new type of shear texture was observed to persist in pure magnesium deformed up to large strains by a new process: High Pressure Compressive Reciprocating Shear (HPCRS). A large von-Mises strain of 33 was imposed through this recently proposed severe plastic deformation process. The new component of shear texture is a fiber, with the c-axis of the crystallites lying in the shear plane. These orientations were theoretically predicted to be unstable under simple shear deformation, so they should be non-existent at large strains. The stability of this fiber despite very large strain deformation is attributed to the initial twinning activity and the unique reciprocating nature of shear strain imposed on the material through HPCRS. Viscoplastic self-consistent polycrystal plasticity simulations could explain the existence of the new shear fiber texture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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