Herein, a series of bioactive glasses with a composition based on SiO2Na2OCaO-P2O5-Bi2O3, doped with either manganese (Mn) or copper (Cu), or a combination of both have been developed. The aim was to create a biocompatible, bioactive material with a photothermal (PT) response for potential use in bone cancer treatment. UV/vis/NIR spectroscopy indicated that the addition of Cu to the glass resulted in a broadband absorption of around 800 nm, while Mn showed an absorption band of around 500 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, which was performed by exciting the specimen using a 750 nm beam, revealed an emission at 823 nm for all glass compositions, but with varying intensities. When exposed to an 808 nm laser (5 W/cm2), the glass samples exhibited temperature rising, with the sample containing both Mn and Cu, showing the highest absorption peak, reaching 204 °C after 5 min. The degradation rate of the glass in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution was influenced by the presence of Mn and Cu. Cytotoxic assessment on osteoblast-like cells showed that the presence of Mn promoted cell proliferation by over 20 % after 24 h, but when irradiated with an 808 nm laser, the viability of cells decreased by nearly 60 % due to heat ablation. Finally, the glass sample demonstrated in vitro bioactivity through the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on its surface when immersed in simulated body fluid.
{"title":"Effects of manganese and copper co-doped bioactive glasses with photothermal response on osseous cells","authors":"Sahand Zabih Gholami, Maryam Tajabadi, Bijan Eftekhari Yekta","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a series of bioactive glasses with a composition based on SiO<sub>2</sub><sub><img></sub>Na<sub>2</sub>O<img>CaO-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, doped with either manganese (Mn) or copper (Cu), or a combination of both have been developed. The aim was to create a biocompatible, bioactive material with a photothermal (PT) response for potential use in bone cancer treatment. UV/vis/NIR spectroscopy indicated that the addition of Cu to the glass resulted in a broadband absorption of around 800 nm, while Mn showed an absorption band of around 500 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, which was performed by exciting the specimen using a 750 nm beam, revealed an emission at 823 nm for all glass compositions, but with varying intensities. When exposed to an 808 nm laser (5 W/cm<sup>2</sup>), the glass samples exhibited temperature rising, with the sample containing both Mn and Cu, showing the highest absorption peak, reaching 204 °C after 5 min. The degradation rate of the glass in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution was influenced by the presence of Mn and Cu. Cytotoxic assessment on osteoblast-like cells showed that the presence of Mn promoted cell proliferation by over 20 % after 24 h, but when irradiated with an 808 nm laser, the viability of cells decreased by nearly 60 % due to heat ablation. Finally, the glass sample demonstrated in vitro bioactivity through the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on its surface when immersed in simulated body fluid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, an Al-Y sol-gel film is prepared on the AISI304 steel and its effect on the high temperature oxidation resistance is evaluated by the cycle oxidation at 900 ℃ in the air. The resulting intact oxide layer, composed of (Al, Cr)2O3 and MnCr2O4 phases, effectively slowing down the oxidation rates at 900 ℃. The general cracks in the sol-gel film during the oxidation process are found to be self-healed by a growing spinel MnCr2O4 phase from the substrate, attributed to its low Gibbs free energy and the sufficient Cr source from the adjacent substrate. Furthermore, the oxide layer originates from the interaction between sol-gel film and the substrate which enhances the binding between the oxide layer and the substrate. Thus, it could be confirmed that a self-healing superior antioxidation layer is generated on the surface of AISI304 steel through an in-situ reaction induced by the Al-Y sol-gel film during high-temperature oxidation procedure.
{"title":"In-situ reaction-generation self-healing superior antioxidation layer induced by Al-Y sol-gel film on the AISI304 steel","authors":"Hongtao Chen, Hao Wu, Enhao Wang, Sicong Zhao, Yicheng Feng, Erjun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an Al-Y sol-gel film is prepared on the AISI304 steel and its effect on the high temperature oxidation resistance is evaluated by the cycle oxidation at 900 ℃ in the air. The resulting intact oxide layer, composed of (Al, Cr)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MnCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phases, effectively slowing down the oxidation rates at 900 ℃. The general cracks in the sol-gel film during the oxidation process are found to be self-healed by a growing spinel MnCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phase from the substrate, attributed to its low Gibbs free energy and the sufficient Cr source from the adjacent substrate. Furthermore, the oxide layer originates from the interaction between sol-gel film and the substrate which enhances the binding between the oxide layer and the substrate. Thus, it could be confirmed that a self-healing superior antioxidation layer is generated on the surface of AISI304 steel through an in-situ reaction induced by the Al-Y sol-gel film during high-temperature oxidation procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102278
Tanguy Lacondemine , Julien Moriceau , Theany To , Patrick Houizot , Fabrice Célarié , Dusan Galusek , Jozef Kraxner , Marion Vandenhende , Gaëlle Delaizir , Raphael Langlois , Julien Réthoré , Jérôme Adrien , Eric Maire , Tanguy Rouxel
The aim of this work is two-fold: i) elaborating dense and transparent inorganic glass composites with improved fracture properties, and ii) testing the theoretical analysis proposed in [1] and based on Poisson's ratio mismatch. Particulate composites, consisting of glass or ceramic particles embedded in a soda-lime-silica glass matrix, were synthesized and their fracture behavior was studied by means of the Single-Edge Precraked Beam (SEPB) and Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC) methods, using in situ experiments with X-ray tomography where possible. An important effect of the T-stress on the fracture toughness (KIc) was observed in the case of DCDC experiments. KIc is increased by about 40 % by incorporating 7 vol. % amorphous silica beads or SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy ceramic particles (SAED) with a 40 μm mean particle size. It is suggested that toughening results from the crack front trapping and pinning at particle sites and from the tortuous crack path in the case of a-SiO2 particles, and from the contribution of the intrinsic fracture surface energy of the ceramic particles, which are cleaved by the propagating crack, in the case of the SAED particles. The thermally induced stress field is believed to play a major role in the case of a-SiO2 particles. Two glass grades possessing Young's moduli similar to the one of the matrix but much larger Poisson's ratios were used to produce glass beads. However, the incorporation of these latter beads in the matrix was found to have a minor incidence on the fracture behavior.
{"title":"Fracture behavior of brittle particulate composites consisting of a glass matrix and glass or ceramic particles with elastic property mismatch","authors":"Tanguy Lacondemine , Julien Moriceau , Theany To , Patrick Houizot , Fabrice Célarié , Dusan Galusek , Jozef Kraxner , Marion Vandenhende , Gaëlle Delaizir , Raphael Langlois , Julien Réthoré , Jérôme Adrien , Eric Maire , Tanguy Rouxel","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work is two-fold: i) elaborating dense and transparent inorganic glass composites with improved fracture properties, and ii) testing the theoretical analysis proposed in [1] and based on Poisson's ratio mismatch. Particulate composites, consisting of glass or ceramic particles embedded in a soda-lime-silica glass matrix, were synthesized and their fracture behavior was studied by means of the Single-Edge Precraked Beam (SEPB) and Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC) methods, using in situ experiments with X-ray tomography where possible. An important effect of the T-stress on the fracture toughness (<em>K<sub>Ic</sub>) was observed in the case of DCDC experiments. K<sub>Ic</sub> is increased by about 40</em> % by incorporating 7 vol. % amorphous silica beads or SrAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Eu,Dy ceramic particles (SAED) with a 40 μm mean particle size. It is suggested that toughening results from the crack front trapping and pinning at particle sites and from the tortuous crack path in the case of a-SiO<sub>2</sub> particles, and from the contribution of the intrinsic fracture surface energy of the ceramic particles, which are cleaved by the propagating crack, in the case of the SAED particles. The thermally induced stress field is believed to play a major role in the case of a-SiO<sub>2</sub> particles. Two glass grades possessing Young's moduli similar to the one of the matrix but much larger Poisson's ratios were used to produce glass beads. However, the incorporation of these latter beads in the matrix was found to have a minor incidence on the fracture behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the Charpy impact test was performed for mechanically introducing cracks in A533B steel. Then, in situ weak-beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (WB-STEM) annealing tests were performed from room temperature to 600 °C. A wide area surface polishing method that did not require chemical polishing or resin-filling process for bulk specimens were developed for microsampling a 200 nm thin film. The film was sampled from the strain site at the crack tip (EBSD-KAM value: 2.7°) via Focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), i.e., the inhomogeneous plastic deformation zone of dislocation density above 2.5 × 1016 /m2 formed by Mn precipitates. In isochronous annealing process imaging, the dynamic behavior of dislocations was successfully visualized using movie files with a spatial resolution of 0.4 nm/pixel and a temporal resolution of 1s/frame via WB-STEM. Results revealed thermal relaxation of local strain as high density dislocations deformed into new subgrain boundaries via the geometrically necessary dislocation network at control temperatures from 500 °C to 550 °C.
{"title":"In situ weak-beam scanning transmission electron microscopy observation of geometrically necessary dislocations formed by Mn precipitates in A533B alloy steel","authors":"Kenta Yoshida , Hotaka Miyata , Daisaku Yokoe , Takeharu Kato , Minako Endo , Hideki Yuya , Yusuke Shimada , Hideo Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the Charpy impact test was performed for mechanically introducing cracks in A533B steel. Then, <em>in situ</em> weak-beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (WB-STEM) annealing tests were performed from room temperature to 600 °C. A wide area surface polishing method that did not require chemical polishing or resin-filling process for bulk specimens were developed for microsampling a 200 nm thin film. The film was sampled from the strain site at the crack tip (EBSD-KAM value: 2.7°) via Focus ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), <em>i.e.</em>, the inhomogeneous plastic deformation zone of dislocation density above 2.5 × 10<sup>16</sup> /m<sup>2</sup> formed by Mn precipitates. In isochronous annealing process imaging, the dynamic behavior of dislocations was successfully visualized using movie files with a spatial resolution of 0.4 nm/pixel and a temporal resolution of 1s/frame via WB-STEM. Results revealed thermal relaxation of local strain as high density dislocations deformed into new subgrain boundaries via the geometrically necessary dislocation network at control temperatures from 500 °C to 550 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102274
Hoon Lee , Xiang Liu , Kuan-Che Lan , Huan Yan , Xiao Pan , Xuan Zhang , Jun-sang Park , Meimei Li , Jonathan Almer , James Stubbins
This paper investigates the elastic properties of the model Fe-Cr-C alloys, specifically focusing on M23C6 and M7C3. The study uses in-situ synchrotron X-ray data during tensile deformation to determine the individual elastic characteristics of the matrix and iron/chromium carbides. The experimental results obtained from in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) are compared to the elastic constants of carbides that were reported in previous studies and derived using density function theory (DFT). The appropriate elastic constants for M23C6 and M7C3 were selected based on the self-consistent code executing with reported elastic constants. The directional elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of iron/chromium carbides are calculated, and the anisotropy of the elastic constants is evaluated using the XRD lattice deformations under loading. The elastic modulus of carbide varies with the volume fraction of carbide in the effective medium. The study finds that the hexagonal structure is more probable than orthorhombic structure for M7C3 due to well-matched estimations of the directional elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio obtained from in-situ XRD data and the self-consistent calculations. In-situ XRD analysis of elastic behavior of each diffraction can be used to demonstrate the elastic constants of carbides and shows potential for obtaining precise elastic constants by integrating with self-consistent modeling and DFT.
{"title":"Evaluation of elastic constants of M23C6 and M7C3 embedded in Fe-Cr-C alloys using in-situ XRD tensile test and self-consistent model","authors":"Hoon Lee , Xiang Liu , Kuan-Che Lan , Huan Yan , Xiao Pan , Xuan Zhang , Jun-sang Park , Meimei Li , Jonathan Almer , James Stubbins","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the elastic properties of the model Fe-Cr-C alloys, specifically focusing on M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> and M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>. The study uses in-situ synchrotron X-ray data during tensile deformation to determine the individual elastic characteristics of the matrix and iron/chromium carbides. The experimental results obtained from in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) are compared to the elastic constants of carbides that were reported in previous studies and derived using density function theory (DFT). The appropriate elastic constants for M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> and M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> were selected based on the self-consistent code executing with reported elastic constants. The directional elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of iron/chromium carbides are calculated, and the anisotropy of the elastic constants is evaluated using the XRD lattice deformations under loading. The elastic modulus of carbide varies with the volume fraction of carbide in the effective medium. The study finds that the hexagonal structure is more probable than orthorhombic structure for M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> due to well-matched estimations of the directional elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio obtained from in-situ XRD data and the self-consistent calculations. In-situ XRD analysis of elastic behavior of each diffraction can be used to demonstrate the elastic constants of carbides and shows potential for obtaining precise elastic constants by integrating with self-consistent modeling and DFT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102276
Huabing Yang , Cuicui Sun , Ying Li , Kaiming Cheng , Yunteng Liu , Jianhua Wu , Hongtao Liu , Jin Wang , Dongqing Zhao , Linghui Song , Xuansheng Feng , Jixue Zhou , Xiangfa Liu
Thermostable Al alloys have been a consistent focus for decades, mainly adopting alloying strategy to improve thermostability of precipitates. In this work, it was found that matrix defects controlling could be a new way to improve thermal stability of Al alloys. Three alloys with composition of Al-4.1Cu-2.1Mg-0.3Mn but varied dislocation densities and grain sizes were prepared, and their thermal stability at 200 °C were investigated by identifying hardness vs. holding time curves. It revealed that the alloy with high dislocation density and small grain size showed poor thermal stability. Because dislocation and grain boundary provided accelerated diffusion channels for Cu and Mg atoms, leading to rapid growth of S’(Al2CuMg) precipitates, and the growth rate was a liner function of square of dislocation density ρ2 or square of grain size reciprocal 1/d2 according to data fitting. A “dislocation affected zone” model was proposed to explain the diffusion phenomenon.
{"title":"Effect of grain size and dislocation density on thermal stability of Al-Cu-Mg alloy","authors":"Huabing Yang , Cuicui Sun , Ying Li , Kaiming Cheng , Yunteng Liu , Jianhua Wu , Hongtao Liu , Jin Wang , Dongqing Zhao , Linghui Song , Xuansheng Feng , Jixue Zhou , Xiangfa Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermostable Al alloys have been a consistent focus for decades, mainly adopting alloying strategy to improve thermostability of precipitates. In this work, it was found that matrix defects controlling could be a new way to improve thermal stability of Al alloys. Three alloys with composition of Al-4.1Cu-2.1Mg-0.3Mn but varied dislocation densities and grain sizes were prepared, and their thermal stability at 200 °C were investigated by identifying hardness vs. holding time curves. It revealed that the alloy with high dislocation density and small grain size showed poor thermal stability. Because dislocation and grain boundary provided accelerated diffusion channels for Cu and Mg atoms, leading to rapid growth of S’(Al<sub>2</sub>CuMg) precipitates, and the growth rate was a liner function of square of dislocation density <em>ρ<sup>2</sup></em> or square of grain size reciprocal <em>1/d<sup>2</sup></em> according to data fitting. A “dislocation affected zone” model was proposed to explain the diffusion phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102275
Likun Sun, Matthew A. Steiner
As super-saturated solid solutions of Al-Mg, 5XXX series aluminum alloys are susceptible to sensitization via intergranular precipitation of the anodic β-phase, which promotes intergranular corrosion, exfoliation and stress corrosion cracking under environmental conditions. This study presents important updates to a Johnson–Mehl–Avarami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) type model for low-temperature sensitization, correlating the intergranular corrosion response to impingement of locally sensitized regions surrounding discrete β-phase grain boundary precipitates. It is demonstrated that the sensitization response of these alloys can be approached as a combination of two independent contributions: the geometric configuration of grain boundaries passing through the microstructure that are most prone to sensitization, and the rate that these boundaries sensitize due to the formation of the β-phase. This allows for the large sensitization response variations found between nominally identical materials produced by different suppliers, which originate due to a lack of constraints within current cold-rolled plate tempers, to be removed as a sample-dependent linear scaling factor that is separate of the rate kinetics. The JMAK model describes the kinetics of 5xxx series sensitization with excellent accuracy across all data available in the literature. The results of the model imply that sensitization at environmental temperatures proceeds via a site-saturated process, with the β-phase forming on a set density of preferential nucleation sites. It is shown that site-saturation allows for extension of the JMAK model to non-isothermal aging profiles and supports a diffusion pathway dominated by pipe diffusion to the interface followed by precipitate growth via the collector plate mechanism.
{"title":"Grain boundary sensitization kinetics of cold-rolled Al–Mg alloys","authors":"Likun Sun, Matthew A. Steiner","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As super-saturated solid solutions of Al-Mg, 5XXX series aluminum alloys are susceptible to sensitization via intergranular precipitation of the anodic β-phase, which promotes intergranular corrosion, exfoliation and stress corrosion cracking under environmental conditions. This study presents important updates to a Johnson–Mehl–Avarami–Kolmogorov (JMAK) type model for low-temperature sensitization, correlating the intergranular corrosion response to impingement of locally sensitized regions surrounding discrete β-phase grain boundary precipitates. It is demonstrated that the sensitization response of these alloys can be approached as a combination of two independent contributions: the geometric configuration of grain boundaries passing through the microstructure that are most prone to sensitization, and the rate that these boundaries sensitize due to the formation of the β-phase. This allows for the large sensitization response variations found between nominally identical materials produced by different suppliers, which originate due to a lack of constraints within current cold-rolled plate tempers, to be removed as a sample-dependent linear scaling factor that is separate of the rate kinetics. The JMAK model describes the kinetics of 5xxx series sensitization with excellent accuracy across all data available in the literature. The results of the model imply that sensitization at environmental temperatures proceeds via a site-saturated process, with the β-phase forming on a set density of preferential nucleation sites. It is shown that site-saturation allows for extension of the JMAK model to non-isothermal aging profiles and supports a diffusion pathway dominated by pipe diffusion to the interface followed by precipitate growth via the collector plate mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102268
Parand Akbari , Masoud Zamani , Amir Mostafaei
The adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), has been rapidly increasing in industries requiring high precision and complex geometries. Despite its advantages, LPBF faces challenges related to defects that affect material quality, with spatter formation being a significant concern. Spatters – tiny particles ejected during the printing process – can adversely affect the final product’s integrity by altering surface roughness and contributing to defects. This study introduces a comprehensive approach to predict the ejection velocity and direction of spatter particles using a suite of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Random Forest, Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Regularized Linear Regressions, Gradient Boosting Trees, and Neural Networks. Our analysis reveals that the Neural Network model outperforms others, achieving prediction accuracies of 97.58% for spatter velocity and 88.22% for ejection direction, thus offering a substantial improvement in understanding and controlling spatter-related defects in LPBF processes. The practical implications of these predictions are profound, enabling manufacturers to adjust AM parameters in real time to minimize defects and enhance product quality. This study not only fills a gap in the current literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of multiple ML algorithms for spatter ejection prediction but also paves the way for future research into real-time monitoring and control systems in AM.
在要求高精度和复杂几何形状的行业中，增材制造（AM）技术，尤其是激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）技术的应用迅速增加。尽管 LPBF 具有诸多优势，但它也面临着与影响材料质量的缺陷有关的挑战，其中飞溅物的形成是一个重大问题。飞溅物--印刷过程中喷射出的微小颗粒--会改变表面粗糙度并导致缺陷，从而对最终产品的完整性产生不利影响。本研究介绍了一种综合方法，利用一套机器学习（ML）算法，包括随机森林、高斯过程回归、支持向量机、正则化线性回归、梯度提升树和神经网络，预测飞溅颗粒的喷射速度和方向。我们的分析表明，神经网络模型优于其他模型，对飞溅速度的预测准确率达到 97.58%，对喷射方向的预测准确率达到 88.22%，从而大大提高了对 LPBF 工艺中飞溅相关缺陷的理解和控制能力。这些预测具有深远的实际意义，使制造商能够实时调整 AM 参数，从而最大限度地减少缺陷，提高产品质量。本研究通过对用于飞溅喷射预测的多种 ML 算法进行详细比较分析，不仅填补了现有文献的空白，还为未来 AM 实时监测和控制系统的研究铺平了道路。
{"title":"Machine learning predictions of spatter behavior in LPBF additive manufacturing","authors":"Parand Akbari , Masoud Zamani , Amir Mostafaei","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, particularly Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), has been rapidly increasing in industries requiring high precision and complex geometries. Despite its advantages, LPBF faces challenges related to defects that affect material quality, with spatter formation being a significant concern. Spatters – tiny particles ejected during the printing process – can adversely affect the final product’s integrity by altering surface roughness and contributing to defects. This study introduces a comprehensive approach to predict the ejection velocity and direction of spatter particles using a suite of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Random Forest, Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Regularized Linear Regressions, Gradient Boosting Trees, and Neural Networks. Our analysis reveals that the Neural Network model outperforms others, achieving prediction accuracies of 97.58% for spatter velocity and 88.22% for ejection direction, thus offering a substantial improvement in understanding and controlling spatter-related defects in LPBF processes. The practical implications of these predictions are profound, enabling manufacturers to adjust AM parameters in real time to minimize defects and enhance product quality. This study not only fills a gap in the current literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of multiple ML algorithms for spatter ejection prediction but also paves the way for future research into real-time monitoring and control systems in AM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102277
Gisoo Daviran , S. M. Ali Seyed Mahmoud , Surya R. Kalidindi , Amir Poursaee
Carbon steel bars are critical in steel-reinforced concrete structures, and their corrosion can lead to significant deterioration. This research explored the passive layer formation on different carbon steel microstructures using a high throughput approach. Thermomechanically treated steel bars with three distinct microstructures, i.e., martensite in the outer layer, bainite in the middle, and pearlite in the center, were vertically cut and immersed in the simulated concrete pore solution. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was employed to study the formation of the passive layer, the kinetics of the passivation, and the effective rate constant of the species inside the solution on each microstructure. Results showed that the formation of the passive layer is a time-dependent process, and passivation was influenced by the local microstructure. Martensite demonstrated superior passivation behavior compared to pearlite and bainite.
{"title":"Investigation of kinetics of passive layer formation on various microstructures in thermo-mechanically treated steel in simulated concrete pore solution","authors":"Gisoo Daviran , S. M. Ali Seyed Mahmoud , Surya R. Kalidindi , Amir Poursaee","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon steel bars are critical in steel-reinforced concrete structures, and their corrosion can lead to significant deterioration. This research explored the passive layer formation on different carbon steel microstructures using a high throughput approach. Thermomechanically treated steel bars with three distinct microstructures, i.e., martensite in the outer layer, bainite in the middle, and pearlite in the center, were vertically cut and immersed in the simulated concrete pore solution. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was employed to study the formation of the passive layer, the kinetics of the passivation, and the effective rate constant of the species inside the solution on each microstructure. Results showed that the formation of the passive layer is a time-dependent process, and passivation was influenced by the local microstructure. Martensite demonstrated superior passivation behavior compared to pearlite and bainite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrosion and hydrogen permeation resistance of pulse electrodeposited Zn coatings were correlated with coating micro-texture and strain. The maximum and minimum corrosion resistance were noted for D6F75 (duty cycle 60; frequency 75 Hz) and D8F25 (duty cycle 80; frequency 25 Hz), respectively. The D6F75 coating exhibited a higher fraction of low-energy low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a preferred texture of whereas the D8F25 coating exhibited comparatively low LAGBs fractions and orientation. High resistance to hydrogen permeation exhibited by the D6F75 coating was attributed to hydrogen trapping within the coating, which reduced the micro-strain within the coating and diminished the hydrogen concentration gradient, thereby promoting greater surface recombination.
{"title":"Optimization of pulse electrodeposition parameters for enhanced resistance to corrosion and hydrogen permeation of zinc coatings","authors":"Akshay Yadav, Akhand Pratap Singh, Chandan Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion and hydrogen permeation resistance of pulse electrodeposited Zn coatings were correlated with coating micro-texture and strain. The maximum and minimum corrosion resistance were noted for D6F75 (duty cycle 60; frequency 75 Hz) and D8F25 (duty cycle 80; frequency 25 Hz), respectively. The D6F75 coating exhibited a higher fraction of low-energy low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a preferred texture of <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>3</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> whereas the D8F25 coating exhibited comparatively low LAGBs fractions and<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>2</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> orientation. High resistance to hydrogen permeation exhibited by the D6F75 coating was attributed to hydrogen trapping within the coating, which reduced the micro-strain within the coating and diminished the hydrogen concentration gradient, thereby promoting greater surface recombination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号