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The Norwegian trekking association: conditions for its continued existence with new tourism patterns. 挪威徒步旅行协会:以新的旅游模式继续存在的条件。
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1913219
H. Westskog, Tor H. Aase, I. Leikanger
ABSTRACT The Norwegian Trekking Association (DNT) promotes outdoor activities all over Norway. It marks trails and operates 550 cabins, maintained by extensive voluntary efforts, throughout the country. Based on a case study of one area in Norway in which DNT operates, we discuss the prerequisites for the DNT system to be sustained and the challenges it faces with new tourism patterns. Two main conditions are paramount for the DNT system to develop. First, a large overlap between the core values of DNT and its guests is required. Second, the transfer of norms and conduct inherent in the system is conditioned by social encounters in real time and places, bodily experiences, and facilitated by face-to-face communication between fellow trekkers. Guests who are unfamiliar with the DNT system’s core values and code of conduct may threaten the system; increased attention to promoting the core values in informational material and mentors who guide newcomers may counteract these threats.
挪威徒步协会(DNT)在挪威各地推广户外活动。它在全国各地标记了小径,并经营着550个小屋,由广泛的自愿努力维护。本文以挪威一个实施DNT的地区为例,讨论了DNT系统得以维持的先决条件,以及它在新的旅游模式下面临的挑战。两个主要条件对DNT系统的发展至关重要。首先,DNT的核心价值和它的来宾之间需要有很大的重叠。其次,系统中固有的规范和行为的转移受到实时和地点的社会接触、身体体验的制约,并受到同伴之间面对面交流的促进。不熟悉DNT系统核心价值观和行为准则的客人可能会威胁到系统;在信息材料和指导新人的导师中增加宣传核心价值的注意力可能会抵消这些威胁。
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引用次数: 5
“From pluri-activity to entrepreneurship: Swedish inshore commercial fisheries navigating in the service-oriented economy” “从多元活动到创业:瑞典近海商业渔业在服务型经济中的导航”
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1906744
M. Andersson
ABSTRACT For decades, inshore commercial fisheries of Sweden have declined in the number of fishermen. In parallel, the service economy has gained importance and the growth in tourism is one example. This implicates new conditions for small firms, active in traditional rural industries. While knowledge about the socio-cultural context of small tourism firms is underdeveloped and since policymaking assigns these firms a key role in sustainable rural development, this article aims to explore a traditional industry in change during the first decades of the twenty-first century. This qualitative study is based on a fieldwork inspired by multi-sited ethnography, conducted at the Swedish west coast for a dissertation published in 2019. Drawing on discourse theory and the concept of positioning, the analysis concludes that inshore fisheries in the service economy are expected to become sustainable entrepreneurs and hosts for their communities. The fishermen position themselves in a contradictory manner both resisting and conforming to the political management discourse. The contemporary service-oriented economy and social relations largely form these small firms, which are characterised by both a high dependency on authorities and by their encounters with harbour visitors.
摘要几十年来,瑞典近海商业渔业的渔民数量一直在下降。与此同时,服务经济变得越来越重要,旅游业的增长就是一个例子。这为活跃在传统农村产业中的小公司带来了新的条件。虽然对小型旅游公司的社会文化背景的了解还不充分,而且由于政策制定赋予这些公司在可持续农村发展中的关键作用,本文旨在探索21世纪头几十年发生变化的传统行业。这项定性研究基于一项受多地点民族志启发的实地调查,该调查是在瑞典西海岸为2019年发表的一篇论文进行的。根据话语理论和定位概念,分析得出结论,服务经济中的近海渔业有望成为可持续的企业家和社区的东道主。渔民们以一种矛盾的方式定位自己,既抵制又顺应政治管理话语。当代服务型经济和社会关系在很大程度上形成了这些小公司,其特点是高度依赖当局,并与港口游客相遇。
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引用次数: 6
Creating shared collaborative tourism identity in a post-communist environment 在后共产主义环境中创建共享的合作旅游身份
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1893214
T. Pilving, T. Kull, M. Suškevičs, A. Viira
ABSTRACT Collaboration is important for fostering tourism in a region and the creation of a shared collaborative identity facilitates this process. This paper explains the role of individual identities in the process of creating a shared tourism collaborative identity in a post-communist environment. To this end, it uses multi-grounded theory to analyse 37 individual interviews and 1 focus group interview conducted in 2 tourist destinations in Estonia. In the constantly evolving post-communist tourism environment, collaborative identity creation relates to self-construction at the individual, interpersonal, and group levels. This study shows that the place, occupational, cultural, and environmental identities in a given place shape and form shared tourism collaborative identities; however, a collaborative platform is required for shared collaborative identity creation. Specifically, during the shared collaborative identity creation, stakeholders bring their own identities to the process through the platform, on which individual and collective identities interact. The platform magnifies or weakens the perceptions of the shared collaborative identity. As collaboration broadens, the platform shifts from a small group to bigger groups. Nonetheless, during this the shared tourism collaborative identity creation is vulnerable, as stakeholders may perceive threats to their individual identities.
合作对于促进一个地区的旅游业发展非常重要,而创建一个共享的合作身份有助于这一进程。本文解释了在后共产主义环境中,个人身份在创造共享旅游合作身份的过程中所起的作用。为此,本研究运用多元理论分析在爱沙尼亚2个旅游目的地进行的37次个人访谈和1次焦点小组访谈。在不断演变的后共产主义旅游环境中,协同身份创造涉及个人、人际和群体层面的自我建构。本研究表明,地方、职业、文化和环境认同在给定的地方形成并形成共享的旅游协同认同;然而,共享协作身份创建需要协作平台。具体而言,在共享协同身份创建过程中,利益相关者通过平台将自己的身份带入过程,个人身份和集体身份在平台上相互作用。平台放大或削弱了共享协作身份的感知。随着协作范围的扩大,平台从小团体转向更大的团体。然而,在此期间,共享旅游的协作身份创建是脆弱的,因为利益相关者可能会认为他们的个人身份受到威胁。
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引用次数: 5
Fish tales, red herrings: (and gaffes?) 鱼的故事,红鲱鱼:(还有失态?)
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1887759
B. Wheeller, C. Hall
ABSTRACT This is an invited commentary from Brian Wheeller for the special issue on tourism and fishing. It is a personal commentary, reflection and observation on the role of fish and fishing in tourism both directly and as a wider metaphor for society’s (and tourism’s) relationship with nature and the environment.
摘要这是布莱恩·惠勒为旅游与渔业特刊所做的特邀评论。这是对鱼类和渔业在旅游业中的作用的个人评论、反思和观察,既直接又更广泛地隐喻了社会(以及旅游业)与自然和环境的关系。
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引用次数: 1
The structural relationships of destination image, satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty in the context of fishing tourism 渔业旅游中目的地形象、满意度、支出和忠诚度的结构关系
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1884596
Y. Lam-González, C. León, Matías M. González Hernández, Javier de León
ABSTRACT The importance of fishing tourism for destinations is often analysed through the expenditure levels of tourists, with image, satisfaction and loyalty being under-researched areas. This article empirically tests a structural equation model to assess the relationship between the satisfaction, expenditure and loyalty of fishing tourists. Two dimensions were considered in each case: 1) overall and catch-related satisfaction, 2) expenditure on tourist and fishery products and services, and 3) behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The study also examines destination attributes that are relevant in explaining the overall satisfaction of fishing tourists. By using data collected from 482 anglers visiting the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde, the study finds that overall satisfaction increases with the perception of a healthier and less polluted environment at destinations. This was found to be a dominant factor in the context of other attributes that also impact anglers’ satisfaction. Besides, satisfaction was found to be an antecedent of spending, but only on the components of the destination’s nautical offer. Finally, satisfaction with the catch was the only factor with a direct and positive relationship to loyalty. The study provides recommendations aimed at being useful in planning the sustainable development of fishing tourism at several destinations.
摘要渔业旅游对目的地的重要性通常通过游客的支出水平来分析,而形象、满意度和忠诚度则是研究不足的领域。本文实证检验了一个结构方程模型,以评估钓鱼游客的满意度、支出和忠诚度之间的关系。在每种情况下都考虑了两个方面:1)总体满意度和渔获量相关满意度,2)旅游和渔业产品和服务支出,以及3)行为和态度忠诚度。该研究还考察了与解释钓鱼游客总体满意度相关的目的地属性。通过使用从访问加那利群岛(西班牙)和佛得角的482名垂钓者那里收集的数据,研究发现,总体满意度随着目的地环境更健康、污染更少而提高。在其他影响垂钓者满意度的属性的背景下,这被发现是一个主导因素。此外,满意度被发现是支出的先决条件,但仅限于目的地航海报价的组成部分。最后,对捕获物的满意度是与忠诚度有直接积极关系的唯一因素。该研究提出了一些建议,旨在对规划几个目的地的渔业旅游可持续发展有用。
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引用次数: 6
A review of melting ice adaptation strategies in the glacier tourism context 冰川旅游背景下的融冰适应策略综述
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1879670
Emmanuel Salim, L. Ravanel, P. Deline, C. Gauchon
ABSTRACT Globally, tourism is being deeply impacted by glacial retreat caused by climate change. However, research on stakeholders’ adaptation to climatic change and its threat to the industry on tourism niche is currently inadequate. Thus, through a literature review of 61 glacier peer-reviewed papers, this paper highlights the advancement in research on glacier tourism and provides some basis for understanding stakeholders’ adaptation strategies to climate change. The review shows that glacier tourism research publications increased between 2015 and 2020. It also identifies some impacts of climate change on the glacier tourism industry as well as 27 adaptation strategies to climatic change, which are classified under seven main themes: changes to access, activities, tourism planning, educational activities, temporal substitutions, spatial substitutions, and glacier shrinkage attenuation. We discuss the relevance of the resilience concept in the tourism industry and recommend that tourists’ experiences should be enhanced by applying the findings of research on tourists’ motivations and landscape perception and developing more adaptation-oriented research. The findings suggest that the glacier tourism industry can reduce its vulnerability to climate change through increased collaboration between tourism operators and climate and tourism researchers.
气候变化导致的冰川退缩对全球旅游业产生了深刻影响。然而,关于利益相关者对气候变化的适应及其对旅游业生态位的威胁的研究目前还不足。因此,本文通过对61篇冰川同行评议论文的文献综述,突出了冰川旅游研究的进展,为理解利益相关者对气候变化的适应策略提供了一定的依据。该综述显示,冰川旅游研究出版物在2015年至2020年间有所增加。本文还明确了气候变化对冰川旅游业的影响,并提出了27项适应气候变化的策略,这些策略分为7个主题:通道变化、活动、旅游规划、教育活动、时间替代、空间替代和冰川萎缩衰减。我们讨论了弹性概念在旅游业中的相关性,并建议通过应用游客动机和景观感知的研究结果,加强游客体验,并开展更多以适应为导向的研究。研究结果表明,通过加强旅游经营者与气候和旅游研究人员之间的合作,冰川旅游业可以降低其对气候变化的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 25
The seaweed experience: exploring the potential and value of a marine resource 海藻经验:探索海洋资源的潜力和价值
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1879671
A. Merkel, Filippa Säwe, C. Fredriksson
ABSTRACT The article addresses the broader relationships between seaweed and algae as a marine resource, destination development, and sustainability. In many European countries, an industry around seaweed has emerged, ranging from high-end restaurants that provide their customers with local, seasonal and sustainable ingredients, to entrepreneurs offering “harvest your own seaweed”-tours. In this explorative study, we focus on different ways of experiencing this marine resource in a Swedish context, to better understand its economic and social potential. Taking a consumer perspective, we investigate through an online questionnaire and reviews from an online consumer-to-consumer travel-planning portal how seaweed and algae are validated. By exploring people's notions, the aim is to understand the potential and value of this marine resource better. Where is seaweed encountered and enjoyed? How is it used? What is experienced to be valuable about this resource? We identify possibilities for utilizing algae and seaweed in order to foster future business opportunities for local communities, as well as to integrate the resource more in our society. We show how algae and seaweed are experienced in diverse settings and dimensions, such as at home, while being a tourist, as part of everyday life, as a special treat, within nature, and as food.
摘要本文论述了海藻和藻类作为海洋资源、目的地开发和可持续性之间更广泛的关系。在许多欧洲国家,围绕海藻的行业已经出现,从为顾客提供当地、季节性和可持续食材的高端餐厅,到提供“收获自己的海藻”之旅的企业家。在这项探索性研究中,我们重点关注在瑞典背景下体验这种海洋资源的不同方式,以更好地了解其经济和社会潜力。从消费者的角度来看,我们通过在线问卷调查和在线消费者对消费者旅行计划门户网站的评论,调查海藻和藻类是如何被验证的。通过探索人们的观念,目的是更好地了解这种海洋资源的潜力和价值。海藻在哪里被发现和享用?它是如何使用的?该资源的经验有哪些价值?我们确定了利用藻类和海藻的可能性,以促进当地社区未来的商业机会,并将资源更多地融入我们的社会。我们展示了藻类和海藻是如何在不同的环境和维度中体验的,比如在家里,作为游客,作为日常生活的一部分,作为一种特殊的享受,在大自然中,以及作为食物。
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引用次数: 8
Patterns of network coopetition in a merged tourism destination 合并旅游目的地的网络合作竞争模式
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1877192
Dennis Grauslund, Anna Hammershøy
ABSTRACT This study investigates patterns of coopetition in a merged tourism destination in North Denmark, where three towns are in focus. This is done using a mixed-method synergistic social network analysis (SSNA) to measure tourism actor network characteristics and qualitatively analyse informal network coopetition within and between towns. The findings show that coopetition takes place on two levels, and the patterns are defined as passive, reactive, and proactive. The actors in the three towns show different motivations to engage in coopetitive relationships, co-location being an important factor. Recommendations to support coopetition in new merging destinations are provided.
摘要本研究调查了丹麦北部三个城镇合并旅游目的地的合作竞争模式。这是使用混合方法协同社会网络分析(SSNA)来测量旅游参与者网络特征,并定性分析城镇内部和城镇之间的非正式网络合作。研究结果表明,合作竞争发生在两个层面,其模式被定义为被动、被动和主动。三个城镇的参与者表现出不同的参与竞争关系的动机,同地是一个重要因素。提供了支持新合并目的地合作竞争的建议。
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引用次数: 8
Educating sustainability through hackathons in the hospitality industry: a case study of Scandic hotels 通过酒店业的黑客马拉松教育可持续发展:斯堪的纳维亚酒店的案例研究
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1879669
G. Phi, Ted Waldesten
ABSTRACT Education for sustainability (EfS) in the hospitality sector is increasingly recognised as one of the driving forces for sustainable development. One way of fostering sustainability in the hospitality industry is through sustainability hackathons, which are intensive events focusing on “hacking” new sustainability ideas. This paper critically explores how the hospitality industry designs and executes sustainability hackathons within the context of EfS. An exploratory case study was conducted on the Scandic Hotels chain. Data utilised including both relevant reports and in-depth interviews with the highest level of management of Scandic. The execution of the sustainability hackathon illuminates how value-based education, creative problem-solving and co-opetition were critical aspects to foster EfS in the hospitality industry. Moreover, the hackathon facilitators, i.e. the hotels’ General Managers, were found to play an essential part in shaping the sustainability education and the event’s potential impacts. This paper contributes to expand knowledge on EfS offered by the hospitality industry (as opposed to EfS in formal educational institutions) and make practical recommendations on how sustainability hackathons could be better facilitated by hotel chains.
酒店业的可持续发展教育(EfS)越来越被认为是可持续发展的驱动力之一。促进酒店业可持续发展的一种方法是通过可持续发展黑客马拉松,这是一种密集的活动,专注于“黑客”新的可持续发展理念。本文批判性地探讨了酒店业如何在EfS的背景下设计和执行可持续发展黑客马拉松。对Scandic连锁酒店进行了探索性案例研究。所使用的数据包括相关报告和对Scandic最高管理层的深入采访。可持续发展黑客马拉松的举办说明了基于价值的教育、创造性解决问题和合作是在酒店业培养EfS的关键方面。此外,黑客马拉松主持人,即酒店总经理,被发现在塑造可持续发展教育和活动的潜在影响方面发挥着重要作用。本文有助于扩大对酒店业提供的EfS的了解(而不是正规教育机构提供的Ef S),并就连锁酒店如何更好地促进可持续性黑客马拉松提出切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 8
Event quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an event context 事件背景下的事件质量、感知价值、满意度和行为意图
IF 3.6 4区 管理学 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2021.1877191
John Armbrecht
ABSTRACT Understanding consumer experiences constitutes a central interest for event and destination managers. This study applies event quality incorporating affective and cognitive aspects of event experiences as a measure of the event experience. The measure is used to predict perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The article contributes with a deeper understanding of how to measure and assess event attendees’ experiences in terms of affective and cognitive components in order to forecast event consumers’ behavioural intentions. The importance and mediating role of perceived value and satisfaction are tested. The conclusions stress the significance of affective aspects of experiences in understanding perceived value of experiences. A broader approach to the event experience is promising within an event, tourism and destination management perspective when developing existing and new event concepts as well as event portfolios.
了解消费者体验构成了活动和目的地管理者的核心兴趣。本研究将事件质量纳入事件体验的情感和认知方面作为事件体验的衡量标准。该测量用于预测感知价值、满意度和行为意图。本文有助于深入了解如何从情感和认知两方面衡量和评估活动参与者的体验,从而预测活动消费者的行为意图。测试了感知价值和满意度的重要性和中介作用。结论强调了体验的情感方面对理解体验感知价值的重要性。在开发现有的和新的活动概念以及活动组合时,从活动、旅游和目的地管理的角度来看,更广泛的活动体验方法是有希望的。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
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