Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2279058
Nadja Douglas
Technological change has brought a new dimension to the interaction between civic protest and policing in post-Soviet societies. Social media has had a revolutionary impact on protests during the last decade, mobilising citizens to resist state corruption and despotism, notably in states like Armenia, the Republic of Moldova and Belarus. Enhanced surveillance techniques and new communication channels have, at the same time, changed policing techniques and the modes of interaction between citizens and the police. This article examines the dynamics of transformed protest and policing practices, particularly of public order police, in the context of digitisation and social/political protest and change. It sheds light on the transformation of citizen-police relations and, ultimately, on the repercussions this has on the respective polities. The principal findings of the paper reveal that digital technology has been an important element in the evolution of practices of policing and police reform across the region. Yet, it is only one aspect of many in the somewhat divergent development of citizen-police relations. So far, it has produced rather negative effects instead of having been conducive to the mentality and ethos of the police. The disconnect between people and the police remains large in societies across the region.
{"title":"Police and protest in the digital age – a post-Soviet comparison of citizen-police relations","authors":"Nadja Douglas","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2279058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2279058","url":null,"abstract":"Technological change has brought a new dimension to the interaction between civic protest and policing in post-Soviet societies. Social media has had a revolutionary impact on protests during the last decade, mobilising citizens to resist state corruption and despotism, notably in states like Armenia, the Republic of Moldova and Belarus. Enhanced surveillance techniques and new communication channels have, at the same time, changed policing techniques and the modes of interaction between citizens and the police. This article examines the dynamics of transformed protest and policing practices, particularly of public order police, in the context of digitisation and social/political protest and change. It sheds light on the transformation of citizen-police relations and, ultimately, on the repercussions this has on the respective polities. The principal findings of the paper reveal that digital technology has been an important element in the evolution of practices of policing and police reform across the region. Yet, it is only one aspect of many in the somewhat divergent development of citizen-police relations. So far, it has produced rather negative effects instead of having been conducive to the mentality and ethos of the police. The disconnect between people and the police remains large in societies across the region.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"30 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2279063
Cheryl Brown, Roberta Julian, Loene M. Howes
Police investigators increasingly make use of forensic science in the investigation of crime. While there is considerable research on case outcomes following the use of forensic identification evidence (fingerprint and DNA evidence), few studies have explored how police investigators use these evidence types in their investigations. This study aimed to examine police investigators’ reasoning processes about the use of forensic identification evidence in volume crimes, such as burglary, to develop a decision-making framework that can be applied to the investigation of such crimes. Twenty-four police officers from three Australian police jurisdictions participated in semi-structured interviews that centred around a case scenario. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. The findings highlight that police investigators’ decision-making is influenced by the requirement to meet the rules of evidence. Further, participants’ own experience and mentoring by more experienced colleagues influenced not only the decisions made in a case, but also the development of decision-making skills in the use of forensic evidence more broadly. A decision-making framework is proposed to explain and guide the use of forensic evidence in volume crime investigations. Overall, the findings suggest that the effective use of forensic identification evidence in volume crime investigations requires that police investigators engage actively in the decision-making process. Further research can explore ways to integrate the findings from this research into police practices.
{"title":"‘Strands in a cable’: effective investigator decision-making using forensic identification evidence in volume crime investigations","authors":"Cheryl Brown, Roberta Julian, Loene M. Howes","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2279063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2279063","url":null,"abstract":"Police investigators increasingly make use of forensic science in the investigation of crime. While there is considerable research on case outcomes following the use of forensic identification evidence (fingerprint and DNA evidence), few studies have explored how police investigators use these evidence types in their investigations. This study aimed to examine police investigators’ reasoning processes about the use of forensic identification evidence in volume crimes, such as burglary, to develop a decision-making framework that can be applied to the investigation of such crimes. Twenty-four police officers from three Australian police jurisdictions participated in semi-structured interviews that centred around a case scenario. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. The findings highlight that police investigators’ decision-making is influenced by the requirement to meet the rules of evidence. Further, participants’ own experience and mentoring by more experienced colleagues influenced not only the decisions made in a case, but also the development of decision-making skills in the use of forensic evidence more broadly. A decision-making framework is proposed to explain and guide the use of forensic evidence in volume crime investigations. Overall, the findings suggest that the effective use of forensic identification evidence in volume crime investigations requires that police investigators engage actively in the decision-making process. Further research can explore ways to integrate the findings from this research into police practices.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"72 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2279061
Julia A. Yesberg, Zöe Hobson, Krisztián Pósch, Ben Bradford, Jonathan Jackson, Arabella Kyprianides, Reka Solymosi, Paul Dawson, Nicole Ramshaw, Emily Gilbert
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, police services around the world were granted unprecedented new powers to enforce social distancing restrictions. In this paper, we present data from a rolling representative sample survey of Londoners (n = 3,201) fielded during the height of the first wave of the pandemic (April to June 2020). We examine the scale of public support for giving police additional powers to enforce the regulations, whether support for different powers ebbed and flowed over time, and which factors predicted support for police powers. First, we use interrupted time-series analysis to model change over time. Second, we pool the data to test the predictors of support for police powers. Aside from one lockdown-specific temporal factor (the easing of restrictions), we find that even in the midst of a pandemic, legitimacy, procedural justice and affective evaluations of pandemic powers are the most important factors explaining variation in public support for police empowerment.
{"title":"Public support for empowering police during the COVID-19 crisis: evidence from London","authors":"Julia A. Yesberg, Zöe Hobson, Krisztián Pósch, Ben Bradford, Jonathan Jackson, Arabella Kyprianides, Reka Solymosi, Paul Dawson, Nicole Ramshaw, Emily Gilbert","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2279061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2279061","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, police services around the world were granted unprecedented new powers to enforce social distancing restrictions. In this paper, we present data from a rolling representative sample survey of Londoners (n = 3,201) fielded during the height of the first wave of the pandemic (April to June 2020). We examine the scale of public support for giving police additional powers to enforce the regulations, whether support for different powers ebbed and flowed over time, and which factors predicted support for police powers. First, we use interrupted time-series analysis to model change over time. Second, we pool the data to test the predictors of support for police powers. Aside from one lockdown-specific temporal factor (the easing of restrictions), we find that even in the midst of a pandemic, legitimacy, procedural justice and affective evaluations of pandemic powers are the most important factors explaining variation in public support for police empowerment.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"42 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135681288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2279067
Ian D. Marder, Katharina Kurz
ABSTRACTRelationships between the police and minority ethnic communities are often characterised by tension, mistrust and a lack of understanding. It seems unlikely that the solutions lie in traditional approaches to police-community engagement. This article outlines the key findings from the first study to use restorative practices to facilitate dialogue between police officers and young Black adults in Europe. This occurred in a part of West Dublin, Ireland, where the police recently shot and killed a Black man. Observational and interview data suggest that the process enabled participants to speak and listen respectfully to each other and to understand how each other’s experiences shaped their perspectives on policing. These data suggest that restorative practices are a viable method for enabling dialogue that can play an educational role and provide a space safely to discuss and reflect upon views and experiences of belonging, policing and police-community relations. While there is sufficient evidence to justify seeking to scale-up dialogic processes, it remains unclear whether and how the contribution that dialogue can make at the individual and local level could translate into cultural change at the institutional level, or address underlying structural inequalities.KEYWORDS: Police-community relationsDialogueRestorative practicesAn Garda SíochánaPolicingInstitutional racism AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge the substantial effort from all project partners and participants in making this happen.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by funding from the Irish Research Council (New Foundations).
{"title":"Can dialogue help police officers and young Black adults understand each other? Key findings from a restorative process","authors":"Ian D. Marder, Katharina Kurz","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2279067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2279067","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRelationships between the police and minority ethnic communities are often characterised by tension, mistrust and a lack of understanding. It seems unlikely that the solutions lie in traditional approaches to police-community engagement. This article outlines the key findings from the first study to use restorative practices to facilitate dialogue between police officers and young Black adults in Europe. This occurred in a part of West Dublin, Ireland, where the police recently shot and killed a Black man. Observational and interview data suggest that the process enabled participants to speak and listen respectfully to each other and to understand how each other’s experiences shaped their perspectives on policing. These data suggest that restorative practices are a viable method for enabling dialogue that can play an educational role and provide a space safely to discuss and reflect upon views and experiences of belonging, policing and police-community relations. While there is sufficient evidence to justify seeking to scale-up dialogic processes, it remains unclear whether and how the contribution that dialogue can make at the individual and local level could translate into cultural change at the institutional level, or address underlying structural inequalities.KEYWORDS: Police-community relationsDialogueRestorative practicesAn Garda SíochánaPolicingInstitutional racism AcknowledgementsWe acknowledge the substantial effort from all project partners and participants in making this happen.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by funding from the Irish Research Council (New Foundations).","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2273491
Samuel Ricardo Neves Moreira, Mariana Sebastião Machado, Inês Maria Ermida Sousa Guedes, Carla Sofia de Freitas Lino Pinto Cardoso
ABSTRACTSecurity guards operate largely in places attended by youth in contemporary urban areas, which is conducive to different interactions between both. However, prior research has mainly focused on youngsters’ contacts with the police, and little is known about their encounters with security officers. Using a survey, this study aims to analyse two fundamental types of contacts – compulsive and assistive – between youngsters and security guards. More specifically, it seeks to assess the prevalence of both types of encounters and to explore which factors explain their occurrence. Findings from a sample of 631 high school students from Lisbon and Porto (Portugal) showed that assistive contacts are much more frequent than compulsive contacts. Involvement in antisocial and delinquent behaviours and exposure to security guards increased the likelihood of compulsive contacts. However, males were also more prone to be targeted, suggesting a social bias based on sex. Assistive contacts, in turn, were associated with exposure to security guards, risk perception of victimisation, and the perception of security guards’ role as important for the security of society. The results will be discussed considering four main theoretical theses: differential selection, involvement, exposure, and insecurity theses.KEYWORDS: Security guardsyoung peoplecompulsive contactsassistive contacts Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [grant number Doctoral Grant SFRH/BD/130590/2017].
【摘要】在当代城市中，保安人员主要在年轻人出没的场所活动，这有利于两者之间的不同互动。然而，先前的研究主要集中在青少年与警察的接触上，对他们与安全官员的接触知之甚少。通过一项调查，这项研究旨在分析青少年和保安之间的两种基本接触类型——强迫性和辅助性。更具体地说，它试图评估这两种遭遇的普遍程度，并探讨哪些因素解释了它们的发生。来自里斯本和波尔图(葡萄牙)的631名高中生的调查结果表明，辅助接触比强迫接触要频繁得多。参与反社会和犯罪行为以及接触保安人员增加了强迫性接触的可能性。然而，男性也更容易成为攻击目标，这表明社会存在性别偏见。反过来，辅助接触与保安人员的接触、受害的风险感知以及保安人员对社会安全的重要作用的感知有关。结果将讨论考虑四个主要的理论论文:差异选择，参与，暴露和不安全论文。关键词:保安人员青少年强迫性接触者辅助接触者披露声明作者未报告潜在利益冲突。本研究得到了科学技术基金会(funda o para a Ciência e a Tecnologia)的支持[资助号:phd grant SFRH/BD/130590/2017]。
{"title":"Youth’s contacts with private security guards: compulsive and assistive encounters","authors":"Samuel Ricardo Neves Moreira, Mariana Sebastião Machado, Inês Maria Ermida Sousa Guedes, Carla Sofia de Freitas Lino Pinto Cardoso","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2273491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2273491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSecurity guards operate largely in places attended by youth in contemporary urban areas, which is conducive to different interactions between both. However, prior research has mainly focused on youngsters’ contacts with the police, and little is known about their encounters with security officers. Using a survey, this study aims to analyse two fundamental types of contacts – compulsive and assistive – between youngsters and security guards. More specifically, it seeks to assess the prevalence of both types of encounters and to explore which factors explain their occurrence. Findings from a sample of 631 high school students from Lisbon and Porto (Portugal) showed that assistive contacts are much more frequent than compulsive contacts. Involvement in antisocial and delinquent behaviours and exposure to security guards increased the likelihood of compulsive contacts. However, males were also more prone to be targeted, suggesting a social bias based on sex. Assistive contacts, in turn, were associated with exposure to security guards, risk perception of victimisation, and the perception of security guards’ role as important for the security of society. The results will be discussed considering four main theoretical theses: differential selection, involvement, exposure, and insecurity theses.KEYWORDS: Security guardsyoung peoplecompulsive contactsassistive contacts Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [grant number Doctoral Grant SFRH/BD/130590/2017].","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"18 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2255922
S.J. Cooper-Knock, Julie Berg, Tessa Diphoorn
The rise of private security across the globe has sparked concerns that a central public good is being corporatized, and that policing will no longer be guided by the interests of ‘the public'. In this article, we argue that state policing has never been in the interests of ‘the public'. Instead, like all policing actors, the state police create and serve something more finite: ‘a public'. By exploring the ‘publics of policing' we gain important insights into the constitutive role policing plays in producing socio–political communities. We suggest that this represents an important addition to the nodal governance framework, which currently overlooks the importance of what corporate, state and civic actors create when they engage in policing.
{"title":"Publics of policing: expanding approaches to nodal policing","authors":"S.J. Cooper-Knock, Julie Berg, Tessa Diphoorn","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2255922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2255922","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of private security across the globe has sparked concerns that a central public good is being corporatized, and that policing will no longer be guided by the interests of ‘the public'. In this article, we argue that state policing has never been in the interests of ‘the public'. Instead, like all policing actors, the state police create and serve something more finite: ‘a public'. By exploring the ‘publics of policing' we gain important insights into the constitutive role policing plays in producing socio–political communities. We suggest that this represents an important addition to the nodal governance framework, which currently overlooks the importance of what corporate, state and civic actors create when they engage in policing.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2269290
Helen H. Yu, David Lee
ABSTRACTWorkplace inclusion occurs when employees perceive a workplace climate that values all employees and treats them fairly with dignity and respect. Yet, social identity theory suggests that this inclusive culture remains limited among LGBTQ+ employees, especially in hyper-masculine occupations such as policing. Using a sample of 4,578 sworn officers, this study examines the level of inclusion perceived by LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service, in comparison to non-LGBTQ+ officers. The moderating effects of inclusion are also investigated on LGBTQ+ officers who experience sex-based discrimination, to include sexual harassment. Findings suggest LGBTQ+ officers perceive less inclusion in the workplace than non-LGBTQ+ officers. However, LGBTQ+ officers who report working in an inclusive climate are less likely to experience incidents of sexual harassment, while there is no significant effect for sexual discrimination. These findings are important because they extend the discourse on capturing the workplace experiences of an underserved or disadvantaged community in policing scholarship.KEYWORDS: Inclusionsocial identity theorygender identityLGBTQsex-based discrimination AcknowledgementsThis publication is based upon work conducted under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 21-CRCL-001. The views and/or conclusions contained in this document are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the DHS, and do not constitute a DHS endorsement of the equipment tested or evaluated.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Human subjects researchHuman studies research approval (protocol number 2020-01000) was granted by the University of Hawai‘i Institutional Review Board, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA.
{"title":"LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service: an examination of workplace inclusion and experiencing sex-based discrimination","authors":"Helen H. Yu, David Lee","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2269290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2269290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTWorkplace inclusion occurs when employees perceive a workplace climate that values all employees and treats them fairly with dignity and respect. Yet, social identity theory suggests that this inclusive culture remains limited among LGBTQ+ employees, especially in hyper-masculine occupations such as policing. Using a sample of 4,578 sworn officers, this study examines the level of inclusion perceived by LGBTQ+ officers in US federal service, in comparison to non-LGBTQ+ officers. The moderating effects of inclusion are also investigated on LGBTQ+ officers who experience sex-based discrimination, to include sexual harassment. Findings suggest LGBTQ+ officers perceive less inclusion in the workplace than non-LGBTQ+ officers. However, LGBTQ+ officers who report working in an inclusive climate are less likely to experience incidents of sexual harassment, while there is no significant effect for sexual discrimination. These findings are important because they extend the discourse on capturing the workplace experiences of an underserved or disadvantaged community in policing scholarship.KEYWORDS: Inclusionsocial identity theorygender identityLGBTQsex-based discrimination AcknowledgementsThis publication is based upon work conducted under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cooperative Research and Development Agreement No. 21-CRCL-001. The views and/or conclusions contained in this document are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the DHS, and do not constitute a DHS endorsement of the equipment tested or evaluated.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Human subjects researchHuman studies research approval (protocol number 2020-01000) was granted by the University of Hawai‘i Institutional Review Board, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2268256
Adam White, Tessa Diphoorn
In this article we map out a new research agenda for studying private security. We do so by bringing together a series of theoretical, methodological, and geographical ‘turns’ in this area of research that, in our view, signpost the way towards a deeper understanding of this market. The first turn is theoretical and concerns the shift from neoclassical economic interpretations of the market for security towards more political economic readings that excavate the various non-economic structures through which this market is constituted. The second turn is methodological and refers to the move from an (over)reliance on formal-legal, census-like data, towards the embrace of thicker qualitative (often ethnographic) data that gives voice to a range of ground-level perspectives in the market for security. The third turn is geographical and relates to how the long-standing focus on the Anglosphere is giving way to a more expansive map of the market for security that incorporates studies from across Africa, Asia, Continental Europe, and South America. We call this research agenda ‘the everyday political economy of private security’.
{"title":"The everyday political economy of private security","authors":"Adam White, Tessa Diphoorn","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2268256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2268256","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we map out a new research agenda for studying private security. We do so by bringing together a series of theoretical, methodological, and geographical ‘turns’ in this area of research that, in our view, signpost the way towards a deeper understanding of this market. The first turn is theoretical and concerns the shift from neoclassical economic interpretations of the market for security towards more political economic readings that excavate the various non-economic structures through which this market is constituted. The second turn is methodological and refers to the move from an (over)reliance on formal-legal, census-like data, towards the embrace of thicker qualitative (often ethnographic) data that gives voice to a range of ground-level perspectives in the market for security. The third turn is geographical and relates to how the long-standing focus on the Anglosphere is giving way to a more expansive map of the market for security that incorporates studies from across Africa, Asia, Continental Europe, and South America. We call this research agenda ‘the everyday political economy of private security’.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2267729
Matthew Bacon
While drugs policing often involves enforcement interventions that seek to tackle drug offences and drug-related crime through criminal sanctions, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diversion now occupies a central position in police responses to people suspected of either simple possession or an offence related to their drug use. This article draws on findings from a qualitative study of police-led schemes in England and Wales to examine police perspectives on diversion, the rationales behind its various forms, and the problems it is designed to resolve. By giving a voice to the key police actors behind recent local initiatives, interview data reveals that the harmful impacts of criminal sanctions are a significant driver of schemes that divert people away from the criminal justice system and into support services. It is argued that the new wave of police drug diversion is a reaction against criminal justice interventions that emphasise punishment. Police drug diversion is conceptualised as a form of harm reduction policing that has the potential to reduce the adverse consequences of drug use, drug markets, and efforts to control them through the criminal justice system. A further important dimension of the present contribution concerns what diversion signifies about the police mission and broader trajectories in contemporary policing. Police drug diversion is situated within wider organisational shifts towards public health approaches to policing which aim to prevent crime and improve life chances by tackling unmet health, social and economic needs.
{"title":"From criminalisation to harm reduction? The forms and functions of police drug diversion in England and Wales","authors":"Matthew Bacon","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2023.2267729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2023.2267729","url":null,"abstract":"While drugs policing often involves enforcement interventions that seek to tackle drug offences and drug-related crime through criminal sanctions, it is becoming increasingly apparent that diversion now occupies a central position in police responses to people suspected of either simple possession or an offence related to their drug use. This article draws on findings from a qualitative study of police-led schemes in England and Wales to examine police perspectives on diversion, the rationales behind its various forms, and the problems it is designed to resolve. By giving a voice to the key police actors behind recent local initiatives, interview data reveals that the harmful impacts of criminal sanctions are a significant driver of schemes that divert people away from the criminal justice system and into support services. It is argued that the new wave of police drug diversion is a reaction against criminal justice interventions that emphasise punishment. Police drug diversion is conceptualised as a form of harm reduction policing that has the potential to reduce the adverse consequences of drug use, drug markets, and efforts to control them through the criminal justice system. A further important dimension of the present contribution concerns what diversion signifies about the police mission and broader trajectories in contemporary policing. Police drug diversion is situated within wider organisational shifts towards public health approaches to policing which aim to prevent crime and improve life chances by tackling unmet health, social and economic needs.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2023.2267732
Daniel Koehler, Julia Filipps
ABSTRACTPreventing and countering potential far-right radicalisation within police forces is a major concern in many countries. Specific interventions such as anti-racism or intercultural competence training programmes for police officers are seen as key to build resilience against the lures of extremist ideologies and milieus. However, a dearth of empirical research investigating the factors that influence receptivity or rejection by the target group – police officers – impedes the design and implementation of effective interventions. This study presents findings from a formative evaluation accompanying a pilot project within the state police of the southern German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg called ‘Strategy Sponsorship for Democracy and Tolerance’. Drawing on three focus groups, five individual problem-centred interviews, and 603 feedback reports, the study finds that peer-to-peer approaches, voluntary participation, leadership support, freedom in topic selection and intervention planning, as well as budgetary independence positively impact the acceptance of interventions and motivation to engage. Age of participants, resource constraints and administrative challenges, as well as reservations about project aims and contents were found to increase the risk of rejection. Implications for optimising interventions for police forces are discussed.KEYWORDS: policecounter-radicalisationpreventing violent extremisminterventionstrainingresistancereceptivitypilot projectGermany Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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