Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964731
B. Loveday
This article seeks to explore the application of a social market approach to the police service. It considers the extent to which a social market structure can be applied to a service which is ultimately dependent on public support for achieving its objectives. Its seeks to challenge assumptions concerning core and ancillary duties and the strict division which the Home Office has attempted to apply to them. It also contrasts public perceptions of what the police should do with those objectives identified by both the government and Audit Commission for the police service.
{"title":"Contemporary challenges to police management in England and Wales: Developing strategies for effective service delivery","authors":"B. Loveday","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964731","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to explore the application of a social market approach to the police service. It considers the extent to which a social market structure can be applied to a service which is ultimately dependent on public support for achieving its objectives. Its seeks to challenge assumptions concerning core and ancillary duties and the strict division which the Home Office has attempted to apply to them. It also contrasts public perceptions of what the police should do with those objectives identified by both the government and Audit Commission for the police service.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"281-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81695461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964722
B. Dixon, B. Stanko
[Traditional British policing is relatively low on numbers, low on power and high on accountability;…..it is undertaken with public consent which does not mean acquiescence but a broad tolerance indicating a satisfaction with the helping and enforcement roles of policing.” (Joint Consultative Committee 1990:4) Perhaps it is time to return to basics and to reassign every constable to a geographical area ‐ making them all ‘community constables’. (Waddington 1993: 189) A new style of geographic or sector policing introduced by London's Metropolitan Police Service represents a fresh attempt to re‐establish policing by consent. This paper assesses the extent to which it has succeeded. Research conducted by the authors on the introduction of sector policing reveals that neither the new institutional structure put in place by sector policing, nor changes in the deployment of front line officers, seem likely to succeed in achieving this aim. Resistance to change in the relationship between police and public by op...
{"title":"Sector policing and public accountability","authors":"B. Dixon, B. Stanko","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964722","url":null,"abstract":"[Traditional British policing is relatively low on numbers, low on power and high on accountability;…..it is undertaken with public consent which does not mean acquiescence but a broad tolerance indicating a satisfaction with the helping and enforcement roles of policing.” (Joint Consultative Committee 1990:4) Perhaps it is time to return to basics and to reassign every constable to a geographical area ‐ making them all ‘community constables’. (Waddington 1993: 189) A new style of geographic or sector policing introduced by London's Metropolitan Police Service represents a fresh attempt to re‐establish policing by consent. This paper assesses the extent to which it has succeeded. Research conducted by the authors on the introduction of sector policing reveals that neither the new institutional structure put in place by sector policing, nor changes in the deployment of front line officers, seem likely to succeed in achieving this aim. Resistance to change in the relationship between police and public by op...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"77 1","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90606809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964726
G. Crandon
Throughout the USA law enforcement agencies recognise the importance of the public information office (PIO), as a conduit for information release. The PIO is of use to the police as a device for information management; and to journalists who benefit through the steady, regular and guaranteed flow of material which forms the basis of their media messages. Where reporter and police personnel meet there is thus an interface ‐ a key area in the production of crime news. This paper suggests that where practicable this interface will continue since it is of mutual benefit to both the givers and receivers of information. But the style and policy of information release of each law enforcement agency will depend on certain factors and influences. To illustrate this view three law enforcement agencies in the state of Texas were taken as the focal points for this paper.
{"title":"Public information management – a comparative analysis of three law enforcement agencies in the state of texas, usa","authors":"G. Crandon","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964726","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the USA law enforcement agencies recognise the importance of the public information office (PIO), as a conduit for information release. The PIO is of use to the police as a device for information management; and to journalists who benefit through the steady, regular and guaranteed flow of material which forms the basis of their media messages. Where reporter and police personnel meet there is thus an interface ‐ a key area in the production of crime news. This paper suggests that where practicable this interface will continue since it is of mutual benefit to both the givers and receivers of information. But the style and policy of information release of each law enforcement agency will depend on certain factors and influences. To illustrate this view three law enforcement agencies in the state of Texas were taken as the focal points for this paper.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"233-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82284911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964727
Alain Guyomarch
Despite the Maastricht Treaty provision for closer cooperation between EU police forces and a joint agency, Europol, common policy‐making and joint actions remain very difficult and limited in scope. As in earlier institutional frameworks (notably the Trevi, Pompidou and Schengen Groups), the need for unanimity between member‐state governments and the very different patterns and traditions in policing make greater collaboration problematic, despite the growing evidence of common problems. The end of the East‐West divide in Europe has increased the advantages for the governments of EU member‐states in making effective joint policies, especially on cross‐border movements. Achievements in this area, however, remain small, even though increasing numbers of professionals, experts and politicians are voicing their concerns. The “spill‐over” pressure from economic integration has not produced effective supranational policing institutions since member‐states governments have remained resolutely committed to maint...
{"title":"Problems and prospects for european police cooperation after maastricht","authors":"Alain Guyomarch","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964727","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the Maastricht Treaty provision for closer cooperation between EU police forces and a joint agency, Europol, common policy‐making and joint actions remain very difficult and limited in scope. As in earlier institutional frameworks (notably the Trevi, Pompidou and Schengen Groups), the need for unanimity between member‐state governments and the very different patterns and traditions in policing make greater collaboration problematic, despite the growing evidence of common problems. The end of the East‐West divide in Europe has increased the advantages for the governments of EU member‐states in making effective joint policies, especially on cross‐border movements. Achievements in this area, however, remain small, even though increasing numbers of professionals, experts and politicians are voicing their concerns. The “spill‐over” pressure from economic integration has not produced effective supranational policing institutions since member‐states governments have remained resolutely committed to maint...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87836769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964724
Andrew N. Sharpe
This article will argue that police performance crime can be described as structurally coerced action because it represents the most reasonable response to a sanction‐containing organizational demand set beyond a legitimately attainable threshold. This account of police performance crime recognizes the importance of structural strain, rational choice and social learning experiences as key contours on its contextual landscape. However, the concept of coercion as a moral concept requires a further and vital ingredient ‐ enroachment upon some moral right. The claim of right asserted here is one to have organizational rewards allocated upon the basis of merit‐based criteria. It is strain theory which provides a space for the assertion of encroachment upon this moral right, while the theories of rational choice and social learning help explain the reasonableness of action. The designation of police performance crime as coerced action contains serious implications for criminal responsibility, punishment and cri...
{"title":"Police performance crime as structurally coerced action","authors":"Andrew N. Sharpe","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964724","url":null,"abstract":"This article will argue that police performance crime can be described as structurally coerced action because it represents the most reasonable response to a sanction‐containing organizational demand set beyond a legitimately attainable threshold. This account of police performance crime recognizes the importance of structural strain, rational choice and social learning experiences as key contours on its contextual landscape. However, the concept of coercion as a moral concept requires a further and vital ingredient ‐ enroachment upon some moral right. The claim of right asserted here is one to have organizational rewards allocated upon the basis of merit‐based criteria. It is strain theory which provides a space for the assertion of encroachment upon this moral right, while the theories of rational choice and social learning help explain the reasonableness of action. The designation of police performance crime as coerced action contains serious implications for criminal responsibility, punishment and cri...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"22 1","pages":"201-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73363275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964723
Valerie Cromack
Domestic violence has not been traditionally awarded a high priority by the police in the United Kingdom. Research has shown that the service provided by the police is often regarded by victims as unsatisfactory. The concerns of victims usually extend beyond the criminal justice system. A research study was funded by the Home Office as part of the Safer Cities Project to consider the setting up of an inter‐agency response to domestic violence in Hull, North Humberside. This article outlines the research findings in respect of the policing of domestic violence by Humberside Police with emphasis on the policy changes in the Home Office Circular (60/1990).
{"title":"The policing of domestic violence ‐ an empirical study","authors":"Valerie Cromack","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964723","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic violence has not been traditionally awarded a high priority by the police in the United Kingdom. Research has shown that the service provided by the police is often regarded by victims as unsatisfactory. The concerns of victims usually extend beyond the criminal justice system. A research study was funded by the Home Office as part of the Safer Cities Project to consider the setting up of an inter‐agency response to domestic violence in Hull, North Humberside. This article outlines the research findings in respect of the policing of domestic violence by Humberside Police with emphasis on the policy changes in the Home Office Circular (60/1990).","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"107 1","pages":"185-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75827838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964725
T. Jones, T. Newburn
A particularly striking feature of research into the private security sector in the UK is the lack of reliable data about the actual size and shape of the industry. This has been noted by a number of authors with a close interest in the private security sector. South (1988: 23) stated that ‘the only consistent and reliable statement that is continually made about the size and the scope of the private security industry today is that it is hard to obtain consistent and reliable information about it’. George (1984: 41) wrote that ‘the Home Office that so often pontificates on the industry cannot even produce a reliable estimate of numbers employed’. This paper gathers together some of the available estimates of the private security sector, and compares them with new information available from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and British Telecom's Business Database.
{"title":"How big is the private security sector","authors":"T. Jones, T. Newburn","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964725","url":null,"abstract":"A particularly striking feature of research into the private security sector in the UK is the lack of reliable data about the actual size and shape of the industry. This has been noted by a number of authors with a close interest in the private security sector. South (1988: 23) stated that ‘the only consistent and reliable statement that is continually made about the size and the scope of the private security industry today is that it is hard to obtain consistent and reliable information about it’. George (1984: 41) wrote that ‘the Home Office that so often pontificates on the industry cannot even produce a reliable estimate of numbers employed’. This paper gathers together some of the available estimates of the private security sector, and compares them with new information available from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and British Telecom's Business Database.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79257627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964719
M. Young
This paper explores one aspect of how a police oral tradition works, and the ways a savage black humour is brought to bear as the members assuage problems in scavenging for society, as they tidy up a constant stream of what are often extremely messy or ‘bad’ deaths. Plowing an interstitial furrow between the victims of these ‘sudden deaths’ and the surviving relatives and grieving friends creates a ‘piggy in the middle’ situation, while a crucial need to be economic with or to temper the truth on many of these occasions helps create a further boundary between them and the public they allegedly serve. The paper thus reveals the complexity of one small area of police culture which is often hidden from the outsider; for the stories about ‘bad’ deaths and the savage black humour these generate becomes a performative mediator, allowing the young constables to face the realities of these mortifying processes, and always be in command of situations that are often incongruous and usually appalling.
{"title":"Black humour ‐ making light of death","authors":"M. Young","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores one aspect of how a police oral tradition works, and the ways a savage black humour is brought to bear as the members assuage problems in scavenging for society, as they tidy up a constant stream of what are often extremely messy or ‘bad’ deaths. Plowing an interstitial furrow between the victims of these ‘sudden deaths’ and the surviving relatives and grieving friends creates a ‘piggy in the middle’ situation, while a crucial need to be economic with or to temper the truth on many of these occasions helps create a further boundary between them and the public they allegedly serve. The paper thus reveals the complexity of one small area of police culture which is often hidden from the outsider; for the stories about ‘bad’ deaths and the savage black humour these generate becomes a performative mediator, allowing the young constables to face the realities of these mortifying processes, and always be in command of situations that are often incongruous and usually appalling.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"19 1","pages":"151-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79015893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964713
D. Bayley
Police institutions fundamentally affect the character of political development. Using comparative and historical materials, this paper analyzes what developed democratic countries can reasonably hope to achieve by way of reforming foreign police institutions so as to encourage and support democratic political development. After reviewing the sorts of world experience that contains relevant lessons, the paper discusses foreign police policies, respectively, that cannot succeed, that have some possibility of success, and that are almost certain to succeed. The paper concludes by outlining the dilemma that democratic development through police reform must confront, and specifies 11 principles that should guide democratic foreign police‐policy.
{"title":"A foreign policy for democratic policing","authors":"D. Bayley","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964713","url":null,"abstract":"Police institutions fundamentally affect the character of political development. Using comparative and historical materials, this paper analyzes what developed democratic countries can reasonably hope to achieve by way of reforming foreign police institutions so as to encourage and support democratic political development. After reviewing the sorts of world experience that contains relevant lessons, the paper discusses foreign police policies, respectively, that cannot succeed, that have some possibility of success, and that are almost certain to succeed. The paper concludes by outlining the dilemma that democratic development through police reform must confront, and specifies 11 principles that should guide democratic foreign police‐policy.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"79-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81066822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-04-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964717
R. Reiner
This paper examines how the experience of British policing in the last thirty years bears out the predictions in Professor Michael Banton's pioneering study The Policeman in the Community. They have changed from being sacred symbols of national pride to a much attacked, profane and politically controversial organisation.
{"title":"From sacred to profane: The thirty years’ war of the british police","authors":"R. Reiner","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how the experience of British policing in the last thirty years bears out the predictions in Professor Michael Banton's pioneering study The Policeman in the Community. They have changed from being sacred symbols of national pride to a much attacked, profane and politically controversial organisation.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"73 1","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75066812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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