Pub Date : 1998-02-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964792
Jan Scott
The research used two divisions of the Metropolitan Police in considering the effect of ‘performance culture’. First, objectives may shift away from community policing activities to easily quantifiable, predominantly law enforcing ones. Secondly, performance indicators may create a competitive ethos between police officers and influence their arrest decisions. Lastly, managerial accountability may have increased to the detriment of accountability to the community. The findings suggested that the pressure to achieve performance levels in certain tasks was steering objectives towards reactive, law enforcing policing and that certain aspects of sector policing, predominantly the pro‐active style, acted in conjunction with performance indicators to compound this shift. However, a strong cultural resistance to competitiveness may limit the effectiveness of performance achievement in creating competition. Finally, managerial accountability to the costs of policing appeared to be increasing but performance measu...
{"title":"‘Performance culture’: The return of reactive policing","authors":"Jan Scott","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964792","url":null,"abstract":"The research used two divisions of the Metropolitan Police in considering the effect of ‘performance culture’. First, objectives may shift away from community policing activities to easily quantifiable, predominantly law enforcing ones. Secondly, performance indicators may create a competitive ethos between police officers and influence their arrest decisions. Lastly, managerial accountability may have increased to the detriment of accountability to the community. The findings suggested that the pressure to achieve performance levels in certain tasks was steering objectives towards reactive, law enforcing policing and that certain aspects of sector policing, predominantly the pro‐active style, acted in conjunction with performance indicators to compound this shift. However, a strong cultural resistance to competitiveness may limit the effectiveness of performance achievement in creating competition. Finally, managerial accountability to the costs of policing appeared to be increasing but performance measu...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"269-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89244057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964787
P. Squires
Research has drawn attention to the incorporation of localised political elites and a new ‘urban officer class’ into police consultation processes. The resulting corporatist‐style bodies mediate a range of political and economic tensions in the development of local policing priorities. Most research on this issue has focussed upon formal police consultation processes (PCCs) and multi‐agency initiatives. Here, however, we examine the extent to which a rather wider section of ‘the community’ shares this essentially ‘local corporatist’ approach to police policy making. More specifically, in the light of an increasing application of consumerist approaches to public service management, the article attempts to assess the extent to which public attitudes to policing display an increasingly individual and consumerist ideology. The article discusses some possible implications of this.
{"title":"Cops and customers: Consumerism and the demand for police services. is the customer always right?","authors":"P. Squires","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964787","url":null,"abstract":"Research has drawn attention to the incorporation of localised political elites and a new ‘urban officer class’ into police consultation processes. The resulting corporatist‐style bodies mediate a range of political and economic tensions in the development of local policing priorities. Most research on this issue has focussed upon formal police consultation processes (PCCs) and multi‐agency initiatives. Here, however, we examine the extent to which a rather wider section of ‘the community’ shares this essentially ‘local corporatist’ approach to police policy making. More specifically, in the light of an increasing application of consumerist approaches to public service management, the article attempts to assess the extent to which public attitudes to policing display an increasingly individual and consumerist ideology. The article discusses some possible implications of this.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"169-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82322979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964785
Ian D. Brownlee, C. Walker
The Urban Crime Fund initiative (UCF) in the West Yorkshire Police Authority Area between April 1992 and March 1993 furnished substantial additional resources to selected police forces (West Yorkshire, Northumbria and Merseyside) to deal with urban policing problems. In this paper, we concentrate upon the several ‘total geographic policing’, or ‘problem‐oriented policing’ projects, which in fact consumed the bulk of the budget. Having defined those terms, we describe the practical implementation of the projects by way of Dedicated Policing Teams and the ways in which they sought to achieve public consultation and accountability. We then evaluate both the processes involved in the initiative and the outcomes (in terms of recorded crime levels and clear up rates, as well as public perceptions). We conclude by noting some of the limitations which arise when, as in this case, a ‘top‐down’ initiative is grafted onto existing communities.
{"title":"The urban crime fund and total geographic policing initiatives in West Yorkshire","authors":"Ian D. Brownlee, C. Walker","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964785","url":null,"abstract":"The Urban Crime Fund initiative (UCF) in the West Yorkshire Police Authority Area between April 1992 and March 1993 furnished substantial additional resources to selected police forces (West Yorkshire, Northumbria and Merseyside) to deal with urban policing problems. In this paper, we concentrate upon the several ‘total geographic policing’, or ‘problem‐oriented policing’ projects, which in fact consumed the bulk of the budget. Having defined those terms, we describe the practical implementation of the projects by way of Dedicated Policing Teams and the ways in which they sought to achieve public consultation and accountability. We then evaluate both the processes involved in the initiative and the outcomes (in terms of recorded crime levels and clear up rates, as well as public perceptions). We conclude by noting some of the limitations which arise when, as in this case, a ‘top‐down’ initiative is grafted onto existing communities.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"125-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82215864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964786
Otwin Marenin
The United States keeps trying to be the policeman of the world. Since the collapse of Communism it has intensified its police assistance to ‘emerging democracies’. This paper sets out seven principles to ensure such assistance is effective and does aid democracy in the recipient countries.
{"title":"United States police assistance to emerging democracies","authors":"Otwin Marenin","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964786","url":null,"abstract":"The United States keeps trying to be the policeman of the world. Since the collapse of Communism it has intensified its police assistance to ‘emerging democracies’. This paper sets out seven principles to ensure such assistance is effective and does aid democracy in the recipient countries.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"131 1","pages":"153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82254669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964789
U. Zvekić
The International Crime (Victim) Survey was carried out in 1992 and 1996 in 7 and 15 countries in transition respectively. Changes in policy and attitudes to the police in these countries aroused major interest in terms of whether things are changing after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Preliminary analysis of the IC(V)S shows that in countries in transition there was an increase in reporting to the police in the period 1992–1996; the highest increase from among the total of 57 participating countries. While in 1992 the majority of citizens did not report to the police, in 1996 there were more reported than non‐reported crimes. However, other indicators of police satisfaction have not changed much. There is still an average no‐confidence in the police and dissatisfaction with the way the police handle cases once reported and treat the victims of crime. Similarly, satisfaction with the police in controlling crime has not improved. There is still much to be desired in changing the police culture and improving...
{"title":"Policing and attitudes towards police in countries in transition: Preliminary results of the international crime (victim) survey","authors":"U. Zvekić","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964789","url":null,"abstract":"The International Crime (Victim) Survey was carried out in 1992 and 1996 in 7 and 15 countries in transition respectively. Changes in policy and attitudes to the police in these countries aroused major interest in terms of whether things are changing after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Preliminary analysis of the IC(V)S shows that in countries in transition there was an increase in reporting to the police in the period 1992–1996; the highest increase from among the total of 57 participating countries. While in 1992 the majority of citizens did not report to the police, in 1996 there were more reported than non‐reported crimes. However, other indicators of police satisfaction have not changed much. There is still an average no‐confidence in the police and dissatisfaction with the way the police handle cases once reported and treat the victims of crime. Similarly, satisfaction with the police in controlling crime has not improved. There is still much to be desired in changing the police culture and improving...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"135 1","pages":"205-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75381561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1998.9964788
R. Barnsley, Sergeant Cathy Cole
Traditional policing methods to combat and address crime are increasingly being complemented by more innovative and creative crime prevention strategies. Police are being encouraged to look for alternative ways of deterring crime and solving crime‐related community problems. This evaluation critically examines a policing initiative designed to reduce crime in a densely populated area of Australia's largest city. It showed that if an environment of participation, collaboration and critical analysis can be established, operational police will accept the challenge of addressing community problems from a problem solving perspective. A key success factor in this policing initiative was the high level of management support provided to front line officers.
{"title":"Impacting on crime: An evaluation of a problem solving initiative","authors":"R. Barnsley, Sergeant Cathy Cole","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1998.9964788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1998.9964788","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional policing methods to combat and address crime are increasingly being complemented by more innovative and creative crime prevention strategies. Police are being encouraged to look for alternative ways of deterring crime and solving crime‐related community problems. This evaluation critically examines a policing initiative designed to reduce crime in a densely populated area of Australia's largest city. It showed that if an environment of participation, collaboration and critical analysis can be established, operational police will accept the challenge of addressing community problems from a problem solving perspective. A key success factor in this policing initiative was the high level of management support provided to front line officers.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85801146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1997.9964780
P. Reenen
Integrity and loyalty are two key values for the police. Methods to act according to each of the values are identified. Sometimes there is no conflict between the two values, but often there is. Resolutions for this conflict are being described and a general dominance of the loyalty value over the integrity value is presented as a hypothesis.
{"title":"Police integrity and police loyalty: The stalker dilemma","authors":"P. Reenen","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1997.9964780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964780","url":null,"abstract":"Integrity and loyalty are two key values for the police. Methods to act according to each of the values are identified. Sometimes there is no conflict between the two values, but often there is. Resolutions for this conflict are being described and a general dominance of the loyalty value over the integrity value is presented as a hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73191496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1997.9964783
R. Haarr, J. Hultsman
A recent trend among police scholars has been to multiply qualitative research approaches with regard to the study of police organizations. One such method, sometimes called textual interpretation, is hermeneutics. We apply this method to an essay written in the late 1930s about the increasingly technological nature of social organizations under the title The failure of technology: Perfection without purpose. Our intent, by way of studying this important essay, is to interpret what it has to say about the nature of organizations ‐ in this case, police organizations ‐ and the social problems these organizations are created to address. We first discuss the hermeneutic tradition in general and its application to the social sciences in particular. We then apply this approach to knowing to the failure of technology with an eye to the essay's implications for the increasing technical nature of police organizations. Finally, we discuss how police organizations might begin to respond to this increase in technics....
{"title":"A textual interpretation of police organization: The dark side of technology","authors":"R. Haarr, J. Hultsman","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1997.9964783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964783","url":null,"abstract":"A recent trend among police scholars has been to multiply qualitative research approaches with regard to the study of police organizations. One such method, sometimes called textual interpretation, is hermeneutics. We apply this method to an essay written in the late 1930s about the increasingly technological nature of social organizations under the title The failure of technology: Perfection without purpose. Our intent, by way of studying this important essay, is to interpret what it has to say about the nature of organizations ‐ in this case, police organizations ‐ and the social problems these organizations are created to address. We first discuss the hermeneutic tradition in general and its application to the social sciences in particular. We then apply this approach to knowing to the failure of technology with an eye to the essay's implications for the increasing technical nature of police organizations. Finally, we discuss how police organizations might begin to respond to this increase in technics....","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"46 1","pages":"93-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76846666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1997.9964784
S. Timoshenko
The author compares the possible reform of the Russian militia with the urgently needed Russian military reform. In contrast to the likely military reform any substantial reform of the law‐enforcement currently lacks the commitment from the country's political establishment. The structure of the Ministry of the Interior's forces, its ranking system and the ideology of policing still largely reflect the old Soviet values. Therefore, they cannot be productive in the rapidly changing conditions of the modern Russia. New types of crime and the increasing public fears are commonly used to justify the more repressive militia's tactics, the anonymity of its officers’ actions, their little concern on the violation of the individual rights and the diminishing role for the public control over the law‐enforcement. The only changes within the militia's priorities are caused by the re‐distribution of the power, with even a bigger emphasis on the political elites’ personal security. Due to the collapse of the state fin...
{"title":"Prospects for reform of the Russian militia","authors":"S. Timoshenko","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1997.9964784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964784","url":null,"abstract":"The author compares the possible reform of the Russian militia with the urgently needed Russian military reform. In contrast to the likely military reform any substantial reform of the law‐enforcement currently lacks the commitment from the country's political establishment. The structure of the Ministry of the Interior's forces, its ranking system and the ideology of policing still largely reflect the old Soviet values. Therefore, they cannot be productive in the rapidly changing conditions of the modern Russia. New types of crime and the increasing public fears are commonly used to justify the more repressive militia's tactics, the anonymity of its officers’ actions, their little concern on the violation of the individual rights and the diminishing role for the public control over the law‐enforcement. The only changes within the militia's priorities are caused by the re‐distribution of the power, with even a bigger emphasis on the political elites’ personal security. Due to the collapse of the state fin...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74753559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1997.9964781
Mike King
Little academic work has been published to date on the policing system of Canada despite its complex diversity and comparative interest as a contrast to that of the US. Even less has been written on the topic of Canadian public order policing. This article seeks to redress this by initially locating policing development in Canada within various ‘models’ of policing. It then focuses on public order policing change through major contemporary concerns, namely the nature and extent of provincial ‘contracting out’ of policing arrangements; current First Nations land‐claims and consequent disputes situated within a wider context of self‐governance and independent policing for Aboriginal peoples. Finally, it raises the problematic of a more legitimate, consensual and community‐based policing framework in a changing, increasingly fragmented and multi‐cultural society. The article concludes by identifying two distinct but opposed trends for change in policing in Canada, namely on the one hand towards the instituti...
{"title":"Policing and public order issues in Canada: Trends for change","authors":"Mike King","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1997.9964781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1997.9964781","url":null,"abstract":"Little academic work has been published to date on the policing system of Canada despite its complex diversity and comparative interest as a contrast to that of the US. Even less has been written on the topic of Canadian public order policing. This article seeks to redress this by initially locating policing development in Canada within various ‘models’ of policing. It then focuses on public order policing change through major contemporary concerns, namely the nature and extent of provincial ‘contracting out’ of policing arrangements; current First Nations land‐claims and consequent disputes situated within a wider context of self‐governance and independent policing for Aboriginal peoples. Finally, it raises the problematic of a more legitimate, consensual and community‐based policing framework in a changing, increasingly fragmented and multi‐cultural society. The article concludes by identifying two distinct but opposed trends for change in policing in Canada, namely on the one hand towards the instituti...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"47-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79568169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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