Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964751
Alan Wright, B. Irving
In this paper, the authors argue that strong but informal norms of police conduct are often in conflict with the formal requirements of law and procedure. Tightening the rules and the publication of standards alone are unlikely to overcome these conflicts. Many policing decisions involve tension between this informal value system and the requirements of the rules. Competing personal values, loyalties to colleagues, to the job itself, or to friends and family, also produce value conflicts. These in turn, are sources of cognitive dissonance that are established precursors of emotional stress. Drawing on recent research that has developed a validated series of case studies, the authors argue that police officers can develop a repertoire of professional strategies to deal with these conflicts. They propose a programme of professional development using these case studies. They suggest that such a programme would help to resolve the anomaly between the requirements of the formal system and the informal culture ...
{"title":"Value conflicts in policing crisis into opportunity: Making critical use of experience","authors":"Alan Wright, B. Irving","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964751","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors argue that strong but informal norms of police conduct are often in conflict with the formal requirements of law and procedure. Tightening the rules and the publication of standards alone are unlikely to overcome these conflicts. Many policing decisions involve tension between this informal value system and the requirements of the rules. Competing personal values, loyalties to colleagues, to the job itself, or to friends and family, also produce value conflicts. These in turn, are sources of cognitive dissonance that are established precursors of emotional stress. Drawing on recent research that has developed a validated series of case studies, the authors argue that police officers can develop a repertoire of professional strategies to deal with these conflicts. They propose a programme of professional development using these case studies. They suggest that such a programme would help to resolve the anomaly between the requirements of the formal system and the informal culture ...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90218656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964752
J. Crank, Robert H. Langworthy
Drawing on literature on institutionalized organizations, this paper presents a set of propositions regarding municipal police in the United States. This paper looks at how fragmented authority and funding in the institutional environment of American police affects organizational structure and behavior. Fragmentation is associated with increases in organizational complexity and may contribute to loose coupling both among organizational units and between management and line personnel. Community policing is presented as a special case of fragmentation in institutional authority and funding.
{"title":"Fragmented centralization and the organization of the police","authors":"J. Crank, Robert H. Langworthy","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964752","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on literature on institutionalized organizations, this paper presents a set of propositions regarding municipal police in the United States. This paper looks at how fragmented authority and funding in the institutional environment of American police affects organizational structure and behavior. Fragmentation is associated with increases in organizational complexity and may contribute to loose coupling both among organizational units and between management and line personnel. Community policing is presented as a special case of fragmentation in institutional authority and funding.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"213-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72732322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964754
R. J. Mccormack
This paper discusses the phenomenon of corruption in major urban police departments in the United States and explores the tendency in most to tolerate corruption at damaging levels. It presents a model of the “normed corruption” dynamic and posits that corruption much like other organizational problems such as police shootings, auto chases, abuse of sick time, etc., can be controlled administratively with strong leadership and consistent effort. The paper also discusses long and short term approaches to corruption management in police agencies.
{"title":"Police perceptions and the norming of institutional corruption","authors":"R. J. Mccormack","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964754","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the phenomenon of corruption in major urban police departments in the United States and explores the tendency in most to tolerate corruption at damaging levels. It presents a model of the “normed corruption” dynamic and posits that corruption much like other organizational problems such as police shootings, auto chases, abuse of sick time, etc., can be controlled administratively with strong leadership and consistent effort. The paper also discusses long and short term approaches to corruption management in police agencies.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83547472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964753
B. Kniveton
32 male and 32 female police officers took part in a study which investigated the influence working in mixed sex pairs had on their recall of an interview of a suspect. It was found that male officers made more minor mistakes when working with a female than a male colleague. With females the opposite was true. Female officers had more confidence in the accuracy of their recall when working with a male than another female colleague. Males were no less confident when working with females. It was suggested that mixed sex pairs provide benefits for female officers with minimal adverse effects on male colleagues.
{"title":"An examination of the influence of working with an opposite sex partner on a police officer's behaviour","authors":"B. Kniveton","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964753","url":null,"abstract":"32 male and 32 female police officers took part in a study which investigated the influence working in mixed sex pairs had on their recall of an interview of a suspect. It was found that male officers made more minor mistakes when working with a female than a male colleague. With females the opposite was true. Female officers had more confidence in the accuracy of their recall when working with a male than another female colleague. Males were no less confident when working with females. It was suggested that mixed sex pairs provide benefits for female officers with minimal adverse effects on male colleagues.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73909050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964750
M. Wintle
On 1 April 1994 a new Police Act came into force in the Netherlands, remoulding some 148 municipal police forces into a single service made up of twenty‐five regional forces and a national police services agency. It replaces a structure which had been in place since 1851. What led to the crisis which generated the current reorganization? In answering this question, this article examines the history of Dutch policing institutions and structure, the recurring problems which have beset the Dutch police including those which arose from the 1960s onwards, the current reorganization, and Dutch ‘liberal’ policing in the 1980s and 1990s. It is argued that the present policing issues themselves can only be understood in their broader social context, set in an extensive historical dimension.
{"title":"Policing the liberal state in the Netherlands: The historical context of the current reorganization of the Dutch police","authors":"M. Wintle","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964750","url":null,"abstract":"On 1 April 1994 a new Police Act came into force in the Netherlands, remoulding some 148 municipal police forces into a single service made up of twenty‐five regional forces and a national police services agency. It replaces a structure which had been in place since 1851. What led to the crisis which generated the current reorganization? In answering this question, this article examines the history of Dutch policing institutions and structure, the recurring problems which have beset the Dutch police including those which arose from the 1960s onwards, the current reorganization, and Dutch ‘liberal’ policing in the 1980s and 1990s. It is argued that the present policing issues themselves can only be understood in their broader social context, set in an extensive historical dimension.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964741
A. Aydin
This paper first of all considers a theoretical framework of the role of policing. Secondly it considers the general features of the Turkish political system, relating to the policing system. Next the paper looks at the existing policing organisational and policy‐making structures in Turkey. Then it discusses the role of the Government and the representative organisations in policing policy‐making, and then community involvement in policing in general and in policy‐making procedures in particular, indicating the importance of police‐community relations and community consultation. Finally it considers the independence, impartiality and accountability of policing policies by referring to the internal disciplinary control and complaints procedures. The paper suggests that the Turkish police have to review their own policies and organisations, balancing the needs for far greater decentralisation. The police organisation should provide for strategic policy making to guide the force consciously and systematical...
{"title":"Policy making structures of the Turkish national police organisation","authors":"A. Aydin","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964741","url":null,"abstract":"This paper first of all considers a theoretical framework of the role of policing. Secondly it considers the general features of the Turkish political system, relating to the policing system. Next the paper looks at the existing policing organisational and policy‐making structures in Turkey. Then it discusses the role of the Government and the representative organisations in policing policy‐making, and then community involvement in policing in general and in policy‐making procedures in particular, indicating the importance of police‐community relations and community consultation. Finally it considers the independence, impartiality and accountability of policing policies by referring to the internal disciplinary control and complaints procedures. The paper suggests that the Turkish police have to review their own policies and organisations, balancing the needs for far greater decentralisation. The police organisation should provide for strategic policy making to guide the force consciously and systematical...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"108 1","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75849966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964746
R. Wortley, Robert J. Williams, M. Walker
Six‐hundred‐and‐five New South Wales (Australia) senior secondary students were surveyed on their perceptions of police and policing, and their intention to pursue a policing career. It was found that males, students from skilled working‐class backgrounds and those with established personal links with police were the most likely to apply to join the police service. In addition, these students tended to have the most superficial view of policing, focusing on the glamour and excitement rather than its social service functions. Contrary to expectations, students from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds were often more positive in their views on police than were English‐speaking students, although this more positive perception did not translate into a greater intention to join the police service. It was argued that targeted recruitment and affirmative action was necessary in order to achieve diversification of the recruit mix.
对澳大利亚新南威尔士州(New South Wales)的650名高中生进行了调查，内容涉及他们对警察和治安的看法，以及他们从事警察职业的意向。研究发现，男性、来自熟练工人阶级背景的学生以及那些与警察建立了个人联系的学生最有可能申请加入警察队伍。此外，这些学生对警察的看法往往是最肤浅的，他们关注的是警察的魅力和刺激，而不是它的社会服务功能。与预期相反，来自非英语背景的学生对警察的看法往往比来自英语背景的学生更积极，尽管这种更积极的看法并没有转化为更大的加入警察服务的意愿。有人认为，有针对性的征聘和肯定行动是必要的，以便实现征聘组合的多样化。
{"title":"Perceptions of policing by Australian senior secondary students: Implications for diversifying the recruit mix","authors":"R. Wortley, Robert J. Williams, M. Walker","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964746","url":null,"abstract":"Six‐hundred‐and‐five New South Wales (Australia) senior secondary students were surveyed on their perceptions of police and policing, and their intention to pursue a policing career. It was found that males, students from skilled working‐class backgrounds and those with established personal links with police were the most likely to apply to join the police service. In addition, these students tended to have the most superficial view of policing, focusing on the glamour and excitement rather than its social service functions. Contrary to expectations, students from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds were often more positive in their views on police than were English‐speaking students, although this more positive perception did not translate into a greater intention to join the police service. It was argued that targeted recruitment and affirmative action was necessary in order to achieve diversification of the recruit mix.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91347914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964739
Yuval Wolf, Nachman Ron, J. Walters
Classical theories of moral judgment (e.g., Piaget, 1965; Kohlberg, 1983) were tested against a modularity hypothesis in police officers. Patrol and investigation officers were compared in a series of experiments using functional measurement in which policemen were asked to make judgments, from both objective and subjective perspectives, about the severity of acts involving verbal or physical aggression. Information in the incidents included justification for the act, intent on the part of the harmdoer and harm caused to the victim. Differences were found between patrol and investigation officers in their responses to moral dilemmas, confirming the importance of professional experience in moral judgment. Individual police officers were also found to switch moral codes according to the perspective from which they made their judgments, lending support to the modularity hypothesis. Findings are discussed in terms of both moral relativity and moral modularity.
{"title":"Modularity in moral judgment by police officers","authors":"Yuval Wolf, Nachman Ron, J. Walters","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964739","url":null,"abstract":"Classical theories of moral judgment (e.g., Piaget, 1965; Kohlberg, 1983) were tested against a modularity hypothesis in police officers. Patrol and investigation officers were compared in a series of experiments using functional measurement in which policemen were asked to make judgments, from both objective and subjective perspectives, about the severity of acts involving verbal or physical aggression. Information in the incidents included justification for the act, intent on the part of the harmdoer and harm caused to the victim. Differences were found between patrol and investigation officers in their responses to moral dilemmas, confirming the importance of professional experience in moral judgment. Individual police officers were also found to switch moral codes according to the perspective from which they made their judgments, lending support to the modularity hypothesis. Findings are discussed in terms of both moral relativity and moral modularity.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"455 1","pages":"37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79758342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964736
H. Parker, B. Gallagher, B. Hughes
During the 1980s sexual abuse was defined as a serious problem with public concern being amplified by both extensive media coverage and a series of high profile public enquiries into bungled child abuse investigations involving the police, social services and other agencies. Police Forces responded by setting up specialist Child Abuse Units dedicated to child protection through multi‐agency working. To date these specialist teams have focused their attention on child victims and improving inter‐agency decision making and ‘rescuing’ children from abusive situations. However, with workloads increasing and ever more complex ‘organised’ cases coming to light these teams face genuine role strains in that they are ill equipped to undertake detective work, to investigate large scale cases and to monitor, track and, where appropriate, invoke the prosecution of dangerous sex offenders. Intelligence about paedophiles remains rudimentary in the UK and thus many perpetrators easily regain access to children. Through ...
{"title":"The Policing of Child Sexual Abuse in England and Wales","authors":"H. Parker, B. Gallagher, B. Hughes","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964736","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1980s sexual abuse was defined as a serious problem with public concern being amplified by both extensive media coverage and a series of high profile public enquiries into bungled child abuse investigations involving the police, social services and other agencies. Police Forces responded by setting up specialist Child Abuse Units dedicated to child protection through multi‐agency working. To date these specialist teams have focused their attention on child victims and improving inter‐agency decision making and ‘rescuing’ children from abusive situations. However, with workloads increasing and ever more complex ‘organised’ cases coming to light these teams face genuine role strains in that they are ill equipped to undertake detective work, to investigate large scale cases and to monitor, track and, where appropriate, invoke the prosecution of dangerous sex offenders. Intelligence about paedophiles remains rudimentary in the UK and thus many perpetrators easily regain access to children. Through ...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84330872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964743
R. Sanders, S. Jackson, N. Thomas
The involvement of police in child protection services has undergone substantial changes since the mid 1970s when there was a dramatic increase in emphasis placed on interagency coordination and cooperation. However, the literature on child protection, whilst addressing issues of how agencies work together in individual cases of abuse, says very little about how the services available for abused children and their families are jointly managed. This article first explores the historical development of police involvement in child protection and goes on to examine the findings of relevance to the police role of a Review of Area Child Protection Committees in Wales. Area Child Protection Committees are interagency bodies carrying the responsibility to coordinate child protection services at local level. The findings suggest that the very strong relationship between police forces and social services may be a powerful influence driving the policy emphasis in child protection to focus on investigation to the exc...
{"title":"The police role in the management of child protection services","authors":"R. Sanders, S. Jackson, N. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964743","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of police in child protection services has undergone substantial changes since the mid 1970s when there was a dramatic increase in emphasis placed on interagency coordination and cooperation. However, the literature on child protection, whilst addressing issues of how agencies work together in individual cases of abuse, says very little about how the services available for abused children and their families are jointly managed. This article first explores the historical development of police involvement in child protection and goes on to examine the findings of relevance to the police role of a Review of Area Child Protection Committees in Wales. Area Child Protection Committees are interagency bodies carrying the responsibility to coordinate child protection services at local level. The findings suggest that the very strong relationship between police forces and social services may be a powerful influence driving the policy emphasis in child protection to focus on investigation to the exc...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"70 1","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77881096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：