Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964744
S. Mavin
The U.K. Government is demanding large scale reform of the police service. The Sheehy Inquiry (1993) offered a number of recommendations to the service; attempting to improve performance, reduce expenditure and increase public accountability. The recommendation for officers to be financially rewarded for individual performance has translated into an appraisal related pay scheme; to be implemented for all ranks in 1996. This article attempts to highlight issues which may obstruct the successful operation of such a system in the police service. Performance related pay via appraisal has arrived as a result of external pressures and therefore neither the necessary internal commitment nor the performance culture is in place. The number of potential problems with the scheme appear to outweigh any benefits the Government may want to harvest. The service is unprepared for the appraisal related pay scheme and as a result may experience a reduction in police performance to below any level it may be currently experi...
{"title":"An appraisal related pay scheme for the U.K. police service","authors":"S. Mavin","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964744","url":null,"abstract":"The U.K. Government is demanding large scale reform of the police service. The Sheehy Inquiry (1993) offered a number of recommendations to the service; attempting to improve performance, reduce expenditure and increase public accountability. The recommendation for officers to be financially rewarded for individual performance has translated into an appraisal related pay scheme; to be implemented for all ranks in 1996. This article attempts to highlight issues which may obstruct the successful operation of such a system in the police service. Performance related pay via appraisal has arrived as a result of external pressures and therefore neither the necessary internal commitment nor the performance culture is in place. The number of potential problems with the scheme appear to outweigh any benefits the Government may want to harvest. The service is unprepared for the appraisal related pay scheme and as a result may experience a reduction in police performance to below any level it may be currently experi...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"78 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73060155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964737
H. Correa, K. Wakefield
The identification and description of the main components of a police department and the interrelations among these components are used to construct an input‐output model similar to those used to analyze the interdependence among sectors in an economy. This model makes it possible to forecast the personnel requirements for each component generated by changes in public demands for police services. The method presented and the results obtained are of interest to researchers in the theory of organization, to managers in general, and particularly to administrators of police departments.
{"title":"An application of input‐output analysis to the administration of a police department","authors":"H. Correa, K. Wakefield","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964737","url":null,"abstract":"The identification and description of the main components of a police department and the interrelations among these components are used to construct an input‐output model similar to those used to analyze the interdependence among sectors in an economy. This model makes it possible to forecast the personnel requirements for each component generated by changes in public demands for police services. The method presented and the results obtained are of interest to researchers in the theory of organization, to managers in general, and particularly to administrators of police departments.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"206 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76659949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964748
J. Seagrave
After reviewing the development of community policing in Canada and research on police leadership, this article details the results of an exploratory study which assesses the view of all municipal police leaders in British Columbia towards community policing. The police leaders comprised of 19 Officers in Charge (OIC's) of Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) municipal police detachments and 12 Chief Constables from independent municipal police departments. The results show that while the police leaders are supportive of the movement towards community policing, both OIC's and chief constables argue for gradual, slow, incremental change. However, it is the RCMP officers who are anticipating more resistance to change from both subordinates and the organizational structure of the force. The article concludes that there exists not one type of police leadership in BC but two, characterised by the organizational structure in which the executive officer is working.
{"title":"Community policing: The views of police executives in British Columbia","authors":"J. Seagrave","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964748","url":null,"abstract":"After reviewing the development of community policing in Canada and research on police leadership, this article details the results of an exploratory study which assesses the view of all municipal police leaders in British Columbia towards community policing. The police leaders comprised of 19 Officers in Charge (OIC's) of Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) municipal police detachments and 12 Chief Constables from independent municipal police departments. The results show that while the police leaders are supportive of the movement towards community policing, both OIC's and chief constables argue for gradual, slow, incremental change. However, it is the RCMP officers who are anticipating more resistance to change from both subordinates and the organizational structure of the force. The article concludes that there exists not one type of police leadership in BC but two, characterised by the organizational structure in which the executive officer is working.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"31 4 1","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89847221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964745
C. Birkbeck, Luis Gerardo Gabaldón
Situational justifications for the use of force by the police are constructed in several domains. One type of justification are the tactical rules that officers formulate in order to do their work. Our assumption is that these rules play an important role in guiding police behavior and in shaping officers’ retrospective accounts of how they behaved. The present study examines the content of tactical rules for the use of force among a group of Venezuelan supervisory police officers. We find that the tactical rules differ significantly from the legal‐administrative rules governing the use of force. Tactical rules are oriented by the attempt to avoid external inquiries that represent a continual threat to police occupational stability and prestige. We hypothesize that the use of force is more likely under the following conditions: (a) citizens behave in such a way that force is perceived as necessary to control the encounter; (b) citizens are perceived to be morally disreputable; (c) citizens are perceived t...
{"title":"Avoiding complaints: Venezuelan police officers’ situational criteria for the use of force against citizens∗","authors":"C. Birkbeck, Luis Gerardo Gabaldón","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964745","url":null,"abstract":"Situational justifications for the use of force by the police are constructed in several domains. One type of justification are the tactical rules that officers formulate in order to do their work. Our assumption is that these rules play an important role in guiding police behavior and in shaping officers’ retrospective accounts of how they behaved. The present study examines the content of tactical rules for the use of force among a group of Venezuelan supervisory police officers. We find that the tactical rules differ significantly from the legal‐administrative rules governing the use of force. Tactical rules are oriented by the attempt to avoid external inquiries that represent a continual threat to police occupational stability and prestige. We hypothesize that the use of force is more likely under the following conditions: (a) citizens behave in such a way that force is perceived as necessary to control the encounter; (b) citizens are perceived to be morally disreputable; (c) citizens are perceived t...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"75 1","pages":"113-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79186954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964740
Neil Walker
Taking the recent British Home Office Review of Police Core and Ancillary Tasks as its point of departure, the article addresses the failure of official perspectives on policing to address adequately the wider symbolic significance of police institutions and practices. The different ways in which policing can influence wider cultural understandings within both security discourses and non‐security discourses are analysed. In the light of these insights, the recent emergence of a set of contested interpretations of the link between policing and general societal security is investigated and its long‐term implications considered, and the contribution of the Home Office Review to this trend is assessed.
{"title":"Defining core police tasks: The neglect of the symbolic dimension?∗","authors":"Neil Walker","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964740","url":null,"abstract":"Taking the recent British Home Office Review of Police Core and Ancillary Tasks as its point of departure, the article addresses the failure of official perspectives on policing to address adequately the wider symbolic significance of police institutions and practices. The different ways in which policing can influence wider cultural understandings within both security discourses and non‐security discourses are analysed. In the light of these insights, the recent emergence of a set of contested interpretations of the link between policing and general societal security is investigated and its long‐term implications considered, and the contribution of the Home Office Review to this trend is assessed.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"147 1","pages":"53-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91067492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964738
K. Bryett
The level of funding of the police is an important factor in determining the type of service that can be offered. Traditionally, this funding is derived from public sources enabling those responsible for service delivery to claim independence and as a consequence impartiality. This paper examines a growing tendency for privately funded resources to find their way into the budgets of the police. In particular, the paper focuses on four distinct types of private aid to the police, examining each for its utility. Finally, the paper examines the affect of this growing practice on the philosophical issues of the independence and impartiality of the police.
{"title":"Privatisation ‐ variation on a theme","authors":"K. Bryett","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964738","url":null,"abstract":"The level of funding of the police is an important factor in determining the type of service that can be offered. Traditionally, this funding is derived from public sources enabling those responsible for service delivery to claim independence and as a consequence impartiality. This paper examines a growing tendency for privately funded resources to find their way into the budgets of the police. In particular, the paper focuses on four distinct types of private aid to the police, examining each for its utility. Finally, the paper examines the affect of this growing practice on the philosophical issues of the independence and impartiality of the police.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"64 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87577386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-06-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1996.9964747
F. Gregory
The United Nations has recently made increased use of contingents from the civil police forces of member states in peacekeeping and humanitarian aid operations. These contingents form the CIVPOL element of an operation and have specific duties under operational mandates. This analysis distinguishes between non‐intrusive CIVPOL mandates (eg Cyprus) and intrusive CIVPOL mandates (eg Cambodia) and examines the conceptual and practical problems of policing for the UN. It includes consideration of the contribution that comparative police studies could make to improving the effectiveness of the multinational CIVPOL elements. It demonstrates the linkage of this form of international police work to the discussions on an International Criminal Court and the establishment of the War Crimes Tribunal for former Yugoslavia. The general findings and case study of the Combodian operation (UNTAC) provide a further illustration of the utility of Brewer's work on the issues related to policing ‘divided societies’.
{"title":"The United Nations provision of policing services (CIVPOL) within the framework of ‘peacekeeping’ operations: An analysis of the issues","authors":"F. Gregory","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1996.9964747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964747","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations has recently made increased use of contingents from the civil police forces of member states in peacekeeping and humanitarian aid operations. These contingents form the CIVPOL element of an operation and have specific duties under operational mandates. This analysis distinguishes between non‐intrusive CIVPOL mandates (eg Cyprus) and intrusive CIVPOL mandates (eg Cambodia) and examines the conceptual and practical problems of policing for the UN. It includes consideration of the contribution that comparative police studies could make to improving the effectiveness of the multinational CIVPOL elements. It demonstrates the linkage of this form of international police work to the discussions on an International Criminal Court and the establishment of the War Crimes Tribunal for former Yugoslavia. The general findings and case study of the Combodian operation (UNTAC) provide a further illustration of the utility of Brewer's work on the issues related to policing ‘divided societies’.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"66 1","pages":"145-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73985755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964733
Neil S. Websdale
This article employs pro‐feminist approaches to explore the historic failure of the Eugene Police Department (EPD) to confront interpersonal violence against women. I tap a variety of sources including oral histories, crime statistics, newspaper reports, city council meeting minutes, divorce case data and police department annual reports to construct a history of policing in post World War Two Eugene, Oregon. I argue that the rationalization and professionalization of the EPD were profoundly gendered processes, not in any conspiratorial sense, but in the sense that they framed sources of social danger and social harm as public rather than private. Public foci such as traffic safety and the danger presented by tramps, tended to obscure the threat posed to women by the men they knew. In the light of the historically enduring passivity of police to interpersonal violence against women, I call into question the appropriateness of the teleological notions of “rationalization” and “progress” which underpin much...
{"title":"Police history and the question of gender: The case of Eugene, Oregon in the post world war two Era","authors":"Neil S. Websdale","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964733","url":null,"abstract":"This article employs pro‐feminist approaches to explore the historic failure of the Eugene Police Department (EPD) to confront interpersonal violence against women. I tap a variety of sources including oral histories, crime statistics, newspaper reports, city council meeting minutes, divorce case data and police department annual reports to construct a history of policing in post World War Two Eugene, Oregon. I argue that the rationalization and professionalization of the EPD were profoundly gendered processes, not in any conspiratorial sense, but in the sense that they framed sources of social danger and social harm as public rather than private. Public foci such as traffic safety and the danger presented by tramps, tended to obscure the threat posed to women by the men they knew. In the light of the historically enduring passivity of police to interpersonal violence against women, I call into question the appropriateness of the teleological notions of “rationalization” and “progress” which underpin much...","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"267 1","pages":"313-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77901263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964730
Martha K. Huggins, Myriam P. Mesquita
This analysis of youth murders in modern Brazil focuses on victim‐generating sociostructural situations and the social creation of victims. We assert that as political and social outcasts the young victims of murder are virtually powerless within the legitimate system ‐ hence their civic invisibility. And when poor youths’ presence on Brazilian streets is combined with their political inconsequence, the prospective victims are socially visible only as symbolic assailants and are rendered vulnerable to uncontested murder by strangers. For the most part their murderers are “rent‐a‐cops” and on‐ and off‐duty police, either working as lone‐wolf justiceiros or in groups of death squads. The actions of these killers is neutralized by cultural stereotypes that transform victims into victimizers and make killers into social servants.
{"title":"Scapegoating outsiders: The murders of street youth in modern Brazil","authors":"Martha K. Huggins, Myriam P. Mesquita","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964730","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis of youth murders in modern Brazil focuses on victim‐generating sociostructural situations and the social creation of victims. We assert that as political and social outcasts the young victims of murder are virtually powerless within the legitimate system ‐ hence their civic invisibility. And when poor youths’ presence on Brazilian streets is combined with their political inconsequence, the prospective victims are socially visible only as symbolic assailants and are rendered vulnerable to uncontested murder by strangers. For the most part their murderers are “rent‐a‐cops” and on‐ and off‐duty police, either working as lone‐wolf justiceiros or in groups of death squads. The actions of these killers is neutralized by cultural stereotypes that transform victims into victimizers and make killers into social servants.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"265-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87856410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-12-01DOI: 10.1080/10439463.1995.9964734
I. Mckenzie, R. Whitehouse
This paper examines the frequency with which foot patrol officers at a single sub‐divisional station were approached by the public under one of two conditions. The independent variable is whether the patrolling is undertaken by an officer patrolling alone or when ‘paired’ with a second officer. The dependent variable is expressed in the form of a measure of Public Initiated Encounters (PIEs). Statistical examination of the results shows that officers patrolling alone are approached significantly more often when patrolling alone than when ‘paired’. Results are discussed in the context of the current debate about the role of police. In particular, they are examined in the context of the paradox posed by Posen (1994) who points to the anomaly that whilst increases in police‐community contact are being sought by chief officers and others, any additional calls on police time and expertise brought about through expanded contact, must be set against finite, or perhaps shrinking, budgets.
{"title":"The approachability of police officers patrolling on foot: A pilot study","authors":"I. Mckenzie, R. Whitehouse","doi":"10.1080/10439463.1995.9964734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1995.9964734","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the frequency with which foot patrol officers at a single sub‐divisional station were approached by the public under one of two conditions. The independent variable is whether the patrolling is undertaken by an officer patrolling alone or when ‘paired’ with a second officer. The dependent variable is expressed in the form of a measure of Public Initiated Encounters (PIEs). Statistical examination of the results shows that officers patrolling alone are approached significantly more often when patrolling alone than when ‘paired’. Results are discussed in the context of the current debate about the role of police. In particular, they are examined in the context of the paradox posed by Posen (1994) who points to the anomaly that whilst increases in police‐community contact are being sought by chief officers and others, any additional calls on police time and expertise brought about through expanded contact, must be set against finite, or perhaps shrinking, budgets.","PeriodicalId":47763,"journal":{"name":"Policing & Society","volume":"115 1","pages":"339-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"1995-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76247826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：