Sociological Perspectives最新文献

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The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Gender Gap in Newly Created Domains of Household Labor 2019冠状病毒病大流行与新创建家庭劳动领域的性别差距

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221103268

Jurgita Abromaviciute, Emily K. Carian

In this study, we draw on interview data from 62 matched different-sex, dual-career spouses raising young children to examine the mechanisms behind the gender gap in household labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the pandemic represents a unique case of social uncertainty and an opportunity to observe how structural conditions shape the gendered division of household labor. We find that under the rapid social transformation imposed by the pandemic, gender serves as an anchor and orienting frame for couples with young children. We argue that the pandemic (1) expanded traditional gender expectations to new domains of household labor and (2) heightened the importance of gendered explanations for the division of labor that justified intra-couple inequality. Our findings suggest that the particular structural conditions that characterize different times of uncertainty work through slightly different mechanisms, yet produce the same outcome: gender inequality, with long-lasting and wide-ranging implications.

在这项研究中，我们利用62对抚养年幼子女的不同性别双职业配偶的访谈数据，研究了COVID-19大流行期间家庭劳动性别差距背后的机制。我们认为，大流行是社会不确定性的一个独特案例，也是一个观察结构性条件如何影响家庭劳动性别分工的机会。我们发现，在大流行病造成的迅速社会变革下，性别是有幼儿的夫妇的一个支柱和指导框架。我们认为，大流行(1)将传统的性别期望扩展到家庭劳动的新领域，(2)强调了对劳动分工的性别解释的重要性，这种分工证明了夫妻之间的不平等。我们的研究结果表明，不同不确定性时期的特定结构条件通过略微不同的机制起作用，但产生相同的结果:性别不平等，具有长期和广泛的影响。

引用次数: 2

Policy Relay: How Affirmative Consent Went from Controversy to Convention 政策接力:肯定同意如何从争议到惯例

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221100836

Katelyn Rose Malae

This article analyzes how a formerly mocked policy idea became a widespread solution. Through content analysis of newspaper articles and legal documents, I develop a framework that extends timelines of social movement influence, expands the range of actors and locations of mobilization, and traces how activists frame policy ideas over time: the policy relay. This framework allows for an analysis of how opponents unintentionally advanced the reform process in 1993 by turning its originators into laughingstocks. Anti-rape advocates eventually reformulated the policy in 2014. This time, the origin was removed from the story, presenting a concise narrative that credited politicians and college administrators, rather than activists, for the reform. By tracing the ideas of a movement, rather than focusing on organizations or public protests, I uncover a complicated process of social change, where consequential actors work across different settings to ignite reforms and strategically remove controversial aspects from narratives of social change.

这篇文章分析了一个以前被嘲笑的政策想法是如何成为一个广泛的解决方案的。通过对报纸文章和法律文件的内容分析，我制定了一个框架，该框架延长了社会运动影响的时间线，扩大了参与者的范围和动员地点，并追溯了活动家如何随着时间的推移制定政策理念：政策接力。这个框架可以分析反对者是如何在1993年无意中将改革进程的始作俑者变成笑柄的。反强奸倡导者最终在2014年重新制定了这项政策。这一次，故事的起源被删除了，呈现了一个简洁的叙述，将改革归功于政治家和大学管理人员，而不是活动家。通过追踪一场运动的理念，而不是关注组织或公众抗议，我发现了一个复杂的社会变革过程，在这个过程中，重要的行动者在不同的环境中工作，以点燃改革，并从战略上消除社会变革叙事中有争议的方面。

引用次数: 0

Pharmaceuticalization to Opioid Pharmacovigilance: A Qualitative Investigation of the Impact of Opioid-related Policy Changes and the Perspectives of Residents and Chronic Non-cancer Pain Patients 药物化对阿片类药物警戒的影响:阿片类药物相关政策变化的定性调查以及居民和慢性非癌性疼痛患者的观点

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221097086

Zachary R. Simoni, Philip G Day, David J. Schneider, Chance R. Strenth, Neelima J. Kale

As a result of the pharmaceuticalization of chronic pain over the past three decades, opioid therapy became a common form of treatment for chronic pain patients. However, the overprescribing of opioids led to the opioid overdose epidemic in the United States. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention implemented guidelines reducing the number of opioid prescriptions—better known as opioid pharmacovigilance. Little is known about the sociocultural challenges during the transition to opioid pharmacovigilance for the resident/patient relationship. Using a thematic analysis, we analyzed 20 semi-structured interviews of residents and chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) patients in a family medicine residency practice. Findings suggest that due to the pharmaceuticalization of CNCP and the transition to opioid pharmacovigilance, residents develop a wariness to prescribe opioids, which leads to prejudice against patients. Patients report constrained care and a lack of alternative treatments for chronic pain, which inevitably leads to duplicitous behavior.

由于过去三十年来慢性疼痛的药物化，阿片类药物治疗成为慢性疼痛患者的常见治疗形式。然而，阿片类药物的过量用药导致了阿片类药过量在美国的流行。作为回应，美国疾病控制与预防中心实施了减少阿片类药物处方数量的指导方针，也就是众所周知的阿片类药药物警戒。在居民/患者关系向阿片类药物警戒过渡期间，人们对社会文化挑战知之甚少。通过主题分析，我们分析了20例家庭医学住院实践中住院医师和慢性非癌性疼痛（CNCP）患者的半结构化访谈。研究结果表明，由于CNCP的药物化和向阿片类药物警戒的过渡，居民对开阿片类处方产生了谨慎态度，这导致了对患者的偏见。患者报告说，护理受到限制，缺乏慢性疼痛的替代治疗，这不可避免地会导致口是心非的行为。

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引用次数: 0

Diversity, Disrupted: A Critique of Neoliberal Difference in Tech Organizations 多样性，中断:对技术组织中新自由主义差异的批判

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221094664

Lauren M. Alfrey

Since 2014, technology companies have spent an estimated $1.2 billion on diversity efforts. Despite these investments, Black and Latinx Americans remain starkly underrepresented. How is this problem understood by people in tech? Connecting theories of white racial ideologies and research on racialized organizations, I show how understandings of tech’s “diversity problem” paradoxically serve to naturalize tech organizations as white spaces. Using interviews and surveys of 69 tech workers, I identify several semantic maneuvers used to defend predominantly white workplaces as “diverse.” Together, they demonstrate a pattern I call neoliberal difference. Neoliberal difference is a culturally authorized ideology that expresses support for pluralism and progressive ideals while ignoring systems of racial exclusion. The theory of neoliberal difference expands and complicates our existing knowledge of white racial ideologies using the tech industry as an important case study. Implications for a sector so powerful in shaping social life are discussed.

自2014年以来，科技公司在多元化努力上花费了大约12亿美元。尽管有这些投资，黑人和拉丁裔美国人的代表人数仍然明显不足。科技界的人是如何理解这个问题的?我将白人种族意识形态的理论与种族化组织的研究联系起来，展示了对科技“多样性问题”的理解如何自相矛盾地将科技组织自然化为白人空间。通过对69名科技工作者的采访和调查，我发现了一些用来为白人主导的工作场所辩护的语义策略，称其为“多样化”。总之，它们展示了一种我称之为新自由主义差异的模式。新自由主义差异是一种文化认可的意识形态，它表达了对多元主义和进步理想的支持，同时忽视了种族排斥制度。新自由主义差异理论将科技行业作为一个重要的案例研究，扩展并复杂化了我们对白人种族意识形态的现有知识。讨论了对塑造社会生活如此强大的部门的影响。

引用次数: 0

White Managers, Ethnoracism, and the Production of Black Ethnic Labor Market Disparities 白人管理者、种族主义与黑人劳动力市场差异的产生

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211010842

Mosi Adesina Ifatunji

Few have considered the role of White managers in longstanding Black ethnic labor market disparities. Drawing on ethnoracism theory, I conceptualize the previously documented White manager preference for Afro Caribbeans as a form of prejudice that contributes to the relative success of Afro Caribbeans. White managers say they prefer Afro Caribbeans because they work harder and are less racially antagonistic than African Americans. However, using the National Survey of American Life, I show that these populations are virtually indistinguishable in terms of labor quality and racial attitudes. Moreover, net labor quality and racial attitudes, the incomes of English and non-English speaking Afro Caribbeans are greater when working for White managers, but African Americans with White managers receive no greater income than those without a White manager. I conclude with a call for the formal development of a new ontological framework for the study of these kinds of ethnoracially dynamic relationships.

很少有人考虑到白人管理者在长期存在的黑人种族劳动力市场差异中所扮演的角色。根据种族主义理论，我将先前记录的白人经理对非洲裔加勒比人的偏好概念化为一种偏见，这种偏见有助于非洲裔加勒比人的相对成功。白人经理说，他们更喜欢非洲裔加勒比人，因为他们工作更努力，而且比非洲裔美国人更少种族对立。然而，通过美国生活全国调查，我发现这些人口在劳动力质量和种族态度方面几乎没有区别。此外，在净劳动力质量和种族态度方面，英语和非英语非洲裔加勒比人在为白人经理工作时收入更高，但有白人经理的非洲裔美国人的收入并不比没有白人经理的非洲裔美国人高。最后，我呼吁正式发展一种新的本体论框架，用于研究这些种族动态关系。

引用次数: 3

The Language of Immigration Coverage: The Arizona Republic and Media's Role in the Production of Social Illegality. 移民报道的语言:亚利桑那州共和国和媒体在社会非法生产中的作用。

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211040845

Daniel R Alvord, Cecilia Menjívar

Recently, several mainstream media organizations have moved away from using "illegal immigrant" in their immigration coverage. While this shift in immigration coverage is positive, seemingly positive language may still be exclusionary, particularly if the content of stories remains the same. We investigate whether newspaper articles that describe immigrants as "illegal" are more negative in content than articles that present immigrants as "undocumented" by analyzing 1,616 newspaper articles and letters to the editor in The Arizona Republic between 2000 and 2016, a critical period of immigration legislative activity in Arizona. We find that The Arizona Republic inundated readers with negative news coverage and that this coverage is baked into the content of stories and transcends the use of either term, "illegal" or "undocumented." We then draw on letters to the editor and original interview data to consider how social forces outside of the media may influence coverage.

最近，一些主流媒体机构在移民报道中不再使用“非法移民”一词。虽然移民报道的这种转变是积极的，但看似积极的语言可能仍然是排他性的，特别是如果故事的内容保持不变的话。我们通过分析2000年至2016年间(亚利桑那州移民立法活动的关键时期)《亚利桑那共和国》(the Arizona Republic)的1616篇报纸文章和给编辑的信，调查了将移民描述为“非法”的报纸文章是否比将移民描述为“无证”的文章在内容上更消极。我们发现，《亚利桑那共和报》充斥着负面新闻报道，这些报道融入了故事的内容，超越了“非法”或“无证”这两个术语的使用。然后，我们利用给编辑的信和原始采访数据来考虑媒体之外的社会力量如何影响报道。

引用次数: 4

Repertoire Communities in American Popular Music, 1900–1949 1900-1949年美国流行音乐中的剧目社区

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221080992

W. Roy

What are the social factors shaping musical repertoires? This paper analyzes repertoires as social relations among performers, refracted through factors such as the organization of industry, genres, race, and gender. Using data from American popular music recordings, performers and songs are treated as a two-mode network and repertoire communities are operationalized as bicliques. The production of culture perspective, the sociology of genres, and theories of race and gender imply hypotheses that are tested diachronically. Analysis finds support for the first two, with genres becoming the strongest basis of repertoire community membership while race and gender are surprisingly weak. Importantly, these factors worked in tandem as reflexive mechanisms for each other. The repertoire community system documents the rise of genre as the primary means of categorizing American popular music in the early twentieth century and mediated the effect of other factors.

形成音乐曲目的社会因素是什么？本文分析了剧目作为表演者之间的社会关系，通过行业组织、流派、种族和性别等因素折射出来。使用美国流行音乐录音的数据，表演者和歌曲被视为一个双模式网络，曲目社区被视为双循环。文化视角的产生、流派社会学以及种族和性别理论都隐含着经过历时检验的假设。分析发现支持前两种，流派成为曲目社区成员的最有力基础，而种族和性别却出奇地薄弱。重要的是，这些因素作为反射机制相互作用。曲目群落系统记录了20世纪初流派作为美国流行音乐分类的主要手段的兴起，并调节了其他因素的影响。

引用次数: 1

The U.S. Space of Lifestyles and Its Homologies 美国生活方式空间及其同源性

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221084690

W. Atkinson

Pierre Bourdieu’s influence on the study of lifestyles in the United States has been profound, yet the vast majority of relevant research operates with methods and assumptions at odds with Bourdieu’s own. His specifically relational or geometric understanding of social structures, and lifestyles, has been overlooked, meaning that no one has yet done for the contemporary United States what Bourdieu did for France, that is, construct a model of the “space of lifestyles” and its homologies. This paper does precisely that, deploying Bourdieu’s own favored technique of multiple correspondence analysis on survey data from 2017 to 2018. It finds a remarkable continuity between 1970s France and the contemporary United States, specifically in the existence of axes relating to economic and cultural capital. The paper also explores the correspondence of sociodemographic factors with the space, and importantly, it unveils associated patterns of symbolic domination.

皮埃尔·布迪厄对美国生活方式研究的影响是深远的，但绝大多数相关研究的方法和假设与布迪厄的方法和假定不一致。他对社会结构和生活方式的具体关系或几何理解被忽视了，这意味着还没有人为当代美国做布迪厄为法国做的事情，即构建“生活方式空间”及其同源性的模型。本文正是这样做的，对2017年至2018年的调查数据采用了布迪厄自己喜欢的多重对应分析技术。它发现了20世纪70年代法国和当代美国之间的显著连续性，特别是与经济和文化资本有关的轴心的存在。本文还探讨了社会人口因素与空间的对应关系，重要的是，它揭示了符号统治的相关模式。

引用次数: 3

Peer and Community Influences on Adolescent Substance Use in the Context of Adverse Childhood Experiences. 在童年不良经历的背景下，同伴和社区对青少年药物使用的影响》（Peer and Community Influences on Adolescent Substance Use in the Context of Adverse Childhood Experiences）。

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211018718

Haley Stritzel

Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and peer influences consistently predict early tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use. However, less research considers how peer and community influences contribute to or modify the association between ACEs and early substance use. This study addresses these gaps in the literature by analyzing multilevel, longitudinal data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN; N = 1,912). Unstructured socializing and peer substance use largely explained the association between ACEs and drinking, smoking cigarettes, and illicit drug use in the past month. A history of ACEs magnified the association between peer substance use and the number of cigarettes smoked. Collective efficacy also shaped the associations between peer influences, ACEs, and substance use, but in different ways depending on the substance use outcome analyzed.

不良童年经历（ACEs）和同伴影响一直预测着早期烟草、酒精和非法药物的使用。然而，较少研究考虑同伴和社区影响如何促进或改变 ACE 与早期药物使用之间的关联。本研究通过分析 "芝加哥社区人类发展项目"（PHDCN；N = 1,912）的多层次纵向数据，填补了这些文献空白。非结构化社交和同伴药物使用在很大程度上解释了 ACE 与过去一个月中饮酒、吸烟和非法药物使用之间的关系。有 ACE 史会放大同伴药物使用与吸烟数量之间的关联。集体效能也影响了同伴影响、ACE 和药物使用之间的联系，但根据分析的药物使用结果，影响的方式有所不同。

引用次数: 0

Unpacking the Influence of Islamic Religious Culture and Individual Religious Affiliation on Testing HIV-positive 揭示伊斯兰宗教文化和个人宗教信仰对hiv阳性检测的影响

IF 2.4 3区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Sociological Perspectives

Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/07311214221084233

Brittany E. Hayes, A. Adamczyk

The distribution of HIV cases varies cross-nationally. We separate the influences of Islam at the macro- and micro-levels to understand the role of religion in shaping the spread of HIV. Drawing on biomarker data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we construct a multilevel database (Individual N = 568,476; Country N = 30). We examine a series of national- and individual-level predictors that may mediate the relationship between Islam and testing HIV-positive. Individual religious affiliation and proportion Muslim retained their risk-reducing effects even when accounting for a range of mediators and suppressors. Islam has a sui generis effect on testing HIV-positive.

艾滋病毒病例在各国的分布各不相同。我们将伊斯兰教的影响从宏观和微观两方面加以区分，以了解宗教在影响艾滋病毒传播方面所起的作用。利用人口与健康调查的生物标志物数据，我们构建了一个多层次数据库(个体N = 568,476;国家N = 30)。我们研究了一系列的国家和个人水平的预测，可能调解伊斯兰教和检测艾滋病毒阳性之间的关系。即使考虑到一系列的中介和抑制因素，个人的宗教信仰和穆斯林比例仍然保持着降低风险的作用。伊斯兰教对艾滋病毒检测呈阳性有独特的影响。

引用次数: 0

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