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Family Structure, Gender, and Wages in STEM Work STEM工作中的家庭结构、性别和工资
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211060032
Ann M. Beutel, C. Schleifer
Drawing upon work effort and gendered organizations perspectives and using data from the Current Population Survey, we examine how family structure types (i.e., combinations of marital and parental statuses) shape within- and between-gender variation in the earnings of highly educated men and women working in STEM and non-STEM occupations. We find that STEM and non-STEM women earn premia for marriage and for motherhood if they are married, with higher family-related premia for STEM women. Analysis of married men and women by specific STEM category reveals the largest parenthood premium is for women in engineering. Yet, STEM men and non-STEM men generally earn more than their counterpart women, with the largest between-gender wage difference for married parents in non-STEM occupations. Taken together, these findings provide a mixed picture of movement towards gender equality in work organizations.
根据工作努力和性别组织的观点,并使用当前人口调查的数据,我们研究了在STEM和非STEM职业中受过高等教育的男性和女性的收入中,家庭结构类型(即婚姻和父母状况的组合)是如何在性别差异内和性别差异之间形成的。我们发现,STEM和非STEM女性在结婚后获得结婚和做母亲的溢价,STEM女性的家庭相关溢价更高。按特定STEM类别对已婚男性和女性进行的分析显示,为人父母的溢价最大的是从事工程的女性。然而,STEM男性和非STEM男性的收入通常高于女性,非STEM职业中已婚父母的性别工资差异最大。综合来看,这些发现为工作组织中实现性别平等的运动提供了一幅喜忧参半的画面。
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引用次数: 7
Voting Intersections: Race, Class, and Participation in Presidential Elections in the United States 2008–2016 投票交叉点:2008-2016年美国总统选举中的种族、阶级和参与
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211059136
Daniel Laurison, H. Brown, Ankita Rastogi
Intersectional analyses are increasingly common in sociology; however, analyses of voting tend to focus on only race, class, or gender, using the others as control variables. We assess whether and how race, class, and gender intersect to produce distinct patterns of voter engagement in presidential elections 2008–2016. Per existing research, we find income strongly predicts White voting. However, the class gap in voting is not statistically significant among Black voters. In contrast to common characterizations of Black people as politically disengaged, lower income Black citizens are more likely to vote than their White counterparts. Moreover, the lowest earning Black women vote at dramatically higher rates than any other race-gender combination in this income group. These findings call into question the perceived universality of the income gap in voting and widespread claims that more resources directly facilitate voting. They also have implications for our understanding of political participation, social inequality, and democratic citizenship.
交叉分析在社会学中越来越普遍;然而,对投票的分析往往只关注种族、阶级或性别,将其他因素作为控制变量。我们评估种族、阶级和性别是否以及如何交叉,以在2008-2016年总统选举中产生不同的选民参与模式。根据现有研究,我们发现收入对白人投票有很强的预测作用。然而,黑人选民在投票方面的阶级差距在统计上并不显著。与人们普遍认为黑人在政治上不参与相反,低收入的黑人公民比白人公民更有可能投票。此外,收入最低的黑人女性的投票率远远高于该收入群体中的任何其他种族性别组合。这些发现对投票中收入差距的普遍性以及更多资源直接促进投票的广泛说法提出了质疑。它们对我们理解政治参与、社会不平等和民主公民身份也有影响。
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引用次数: 3
The Correlates of Panethnic Identification: Assessing Similarities and Differences among Latinos and Asians in the United States 泛种族认同的相关因素:评估美国拉丁裔和亚裔之间的异同
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211057121
Beksahn Jang, Kelsey E. Gonzalez, Liwen Zeng, Daniel E. Martínez
Latinos and Asian-Americans constitute the largest recent immigrant groups in the United States. Upon arrival, immigrants from these groups generally identify with their national origin despite being categorized as “Asian” or “Latino” for state enumeration. While both are racialized and excluded from mainstream identities, they differ in their internal linguistic and religious diversities, socioeconomic status, and immigration experiences. Sociologists theorized that Asian-American panethnicity is based on structural commonalities while Latino panethnicity is built upon cultural commonalities. We elaborate the theoretical understanding of contexts associated with this identification and find alternative underpinnings that shape both groups’ panethnic identification. We find generation since immigration is a common basis for elevated likelihood of panethnic identification for both groups. However, among Asian-Americans, we find English proficiency and age increase people’s odds of identifying with a panethnic identity over a national origin term, whereas for Latinos, political affiliation and religiosity increase these odds.
拉丁裔和亚裔美国人是美国最近最大的移民群体。抵达后,来自这些群体的移民通常认同自己的民族血统,尽管在州统计中被归类为“亚裔”或“拉丁裔”。虽然两者都被种族化并被排除在主流身份之外,但他们在内部语言和宗教多样性、社会经济地位和移民经历方面有所不同。社会学家认为,亚裔美国人的泛种族是基于结构共性,而拉丁裔泛种族是建立在文化共性之上的。我们详细阐述了对与这种认同相关的背景的理论理解,并找到了塑造两个群体泛种族认同的替代基础。我们发现,由于移民是两个群体泛种族认同可能性增加的共同基础,因此产生了代际差异。然而,在亚裔美国人中,我们发现英语水平和年龄会增加人们认同泛种族身份的几率,而不是民族血统,而对于拉丁裔人来说,政治派别和宗教信仰会增加这些几率。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction: Anselm Strauss's Grounded Theory and the Study of Work 导论:安瑟姆·施特劳斯的扎根理论与工作研究
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/073112140004300401
Roberta Lessor

Anselm Strauss was interested in the sociology of work in every sense and used his grounded theory method to observe and analyze everything he encountered, including his own “medical work.” Drawing on the reflections of his students, this introduction briefly examines Strauss's everyday work mode using grounded theory. The eight articles in this special issue honor Strauss by using his theories and methods for studying varieties of work in very different settings. The final article in this collection provides selected statements from graduates who had the opportunity to study with Strauss. Their voices reveal how Anselm Strauss influenced their lives and work and speak for the many sociologists he trained.

安塞尔姆·施特劳斯(Anselm Strauss)对各种意义上的工作社会学都很感兴趣,他用扎根理论的方法观察和分析他遇到的一切,包括他自己的“医学工作”。根据他的学生们的反思,这篇引言简要地考察了施特劳斯使用扎根理论的日常工作模式。这期特刊中的八篇文章通过使用施特劳斯的理论和方法来研究不同环境下的各种作品来纪念他。本系列的最后一篇文章提供了有机会与施特劳斯一起学习的毕业生的精选陈述。他们的声音揭示了安塞尔姆·施特劳斯如何影响他们的生活和工作,并为他培养的许多社会学家说话。
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引用次数: 0
Sources of Mattering for Women and Men: Gender Differences and Similarities in Feelings of Social Significance 女性和男性的物质来源:社会意义感受的性别差异和相似性
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211057119
R. Bonhag, P. Froese
Social mattering refers to an individual’s perceived sense of significance in the world and is a key aspect of overall mental health. Using data from a representative survey of adult Americans, we test the extent to which societal-level status, community engagement, group memberships, and interpersonal attachments affect men’s and women’s sense of mattering. We find that women gain social significance to the extent that they feel attached to others interpersonally, in terms of romantic relationships, parenthood, friendships, and closeness to family. Men’s sense of mattering is significantly influenced by broader social factors, like their strength of attachment to the Republican Party, their social media use, and their ability to donate money to the community. These differences suggests that gender norms lead men to also seek significance from the broader community and through group memberships while women rely mainly on their close social ties to feel like they matter.
社会问题是指个人对世界重要性的感知,是整体心理健康的一个关键方面。通过对美国成年人的代表性调查数据,我们测试了社会地位、社区参与、群体成员和人际关系依恋对男性和女性重要性感的影响程度。我们发现,女性获得社会意义的程度取决于她们在人际关系上对他人的依恋,在恋爱关系、为人父母、友谊和与家人的亲密关系方面。男性的重要感受到更广泛的社会因素的显著影响,比如他们对共和党的依恋程度、他们对社交媒体的使用以及他们向社区捐款的能力。这些差异表明,性别规范导致男性也会从更广泛的社区和群体成员中寻求意义,而女性则主要依靠密切的社会关系来感觉自己的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
The Cogs and Wheels of Authenticity: How Descriptive and Evaluative Beliefs Explain the Unequal Appreciation of Authentic Products 真品的齿轮与轮子:描述信念与评估信念如何解释真品的不平等增值
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211057120
Sebastian Weingartner, P. Schenk, Jörg Rössel
In times of cultural omnivorousness, authentic products are highly valued by high-status consumers. The article scrutinizes the social and individual preconditions for attributing hedonic and economic value to authentic products. Taking the concept of cultural capital as a starting point, it argues that cues indicating a product’s authenticity affect taste and price evaluations only if individuals perceive authenticity cues correctly (descriptive beliefs) and regard authenticity as an important product feature (evaluative beliefs). This interplay of descriptive and evaluative beliefs explains the appreciation of authentic products. The model is tested by combining an experimental tasting of apple juice samples with a survey. We find that cues of authenticity causally influence the hedonic evaluation of products only for consumers with both strong descriptive and evaluative beliefs. Attribution of economic value depends on descriptive beliefs only. In addition, such beliefs are socially structured: descriptive beliefs correlate with higher formal education, whereas evaluative beliefs covary with highbrow cultural practices.
在文化杂食的时代,正品受到高地位消费者的高度重视。文章仔细研究了将享乐和经济价值归因于真实产品的社会和个人先决条件。以文化资本的概念为出发点,认为只有当个人正确感知真实性线索(描述性信念)并将真实性视为重要的产品特征(评价性信念)时,表明产品真实性的线索才会影响品味和价格评估。这种描述性和评价性信念的相互作用解释了对真实产品的欣赏。通过将苹果汁样品的实验品尝与调查相结合来测试该模型。我们发现,只有具有强烈描述性和评价性信念的消费者,真实性线索才会对产品的享乐评价产生因果影响。经济价值的归属仅取决于描述性信念。此外,这种信念是社会结构的:描述性信念与高等正规教育相关,而评价性信念与高雅的文化实践相关。
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引用次数: 0
Kinship Ties to Government Staff and Local Political Trust: Evidence from Rural China 政府工作人员亲属关系与地方政治信任:来自中国农村的证据
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211057123
Anning Hu, Chen Yin
Drawing on the Rural Socioeconomic Survey in China, we for the first time present descriptive information about Chinese citizens’ kinship ties to local government staff in rural areas, where around 40 percent of the respondents have at least one close relative in the family working in the local government. On average, such kinship ties have a significant but negative correlation with both the trust in staff of local township and county governments, and the trust in staff of judicial, legislative, and public security agencies. This negative effect, however, is not linearly additive with the number of kinship ties. Taken together, these findings lend support to the negative association between local kinship embeddedness and confidence in local official staff, highlighting a relational approach to understanding political trust in Chinese society.
根据中国农村社会经济调查,我们首次提供了中国公民与农村地区地方政府工作人员亲属关系的描述性信息,约40%的受访者家庭中至少有一名近亲在当地政府工作。平均而言,这种亲属关系与对当地乡镇和县政府工作人员的信任以及对司法、立法和公安机构工作人员的信赖都存在显著但负相关。然而,这种负面影响并不是与亲属关系的数量线性相加的。总之,这些发现支持了地方亲属嵌入性和对地方官员的信心之间的负相关,突出了理解中国社会政治信任的关系方法。
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引用次数: 1
Special Issue Editors’ Introduction: A Sociology of Firearms for the Twenty-First Century 特刊编辑导言:21世纪的枪支社会学
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211040933
Trent Steidley, David Yamane
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引用次数: 1
“Longer than I Would’ve Originally Liked and Originally Thought”: Postsecondary Debt and Marriage Plans for Young Adults Coming of Age in the Great Recession “比我最初喜欢和最初想象的要长”:大衰退中成年年轻人的中学后债务和婚姻计划
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211052019
Laura Napolitano, Patricia Tevington, P. Carr, M. Kefalas
While student loans play a large role in the financing of higher education, there has been relatively little qualitative work on how young adults understand their debt burdens and the debt’s perceived future impact. We examine this topic utilizing a sample of 105 young people from working-, middle-, and upper middle-class backgrounds who experienced young adulthood during the Great Recession. While most respondents are accepting of debt at the time of postsecondary enrollment, their inability to meet the demands of their debt leads to frustration and anxiety. Further, many respondents are concerned that this debt will impact their ability to support themselves and transition into the role of a marital partner, although this varies across social class backgrounds and debt levels. We argue that this debt, and its corresponding repercussions, are likely to contribute to the continued bifurcation of family life in the United States.
虽然学生贷款在高等教育融资中发挥着重要作用,但关于年轻人如何理解他们的债务负担和债务对未来的影响,定性研究相对较少。我们利用105名年轻人的样本来研究这个话题,这些年轻人来自工薪阶层、中产阶级和上中产阶级背景,在大衰退期间经历了年轻的成年期。虽然大多数受访者在中学后入学时都接受了债务,但他们无法满足债务需求会导致沮丧和焦虑。此外,许多受访者担心,这种债务会影响他们养活自己和转变为婚姻伴侣的能力,尽管这因社会阶层背景和债务水平而异。我们认为,这笔债务及其相应的影响可能会导致美国家庭生活的持续分化。
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引用次数: 2
Introduction to the Special Issue on Coronavirus (COVID-19) & Society 《新冠肺炎与社会》特刊简介
IF 2.4 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/07311214211039303
A. P. Davis, Simone Rambotti, Terrence D. Hill
Since emerging in late December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to over 4.5 million deaths worldwide, and many more “long-haulers” have been left to endure a range of long-term side effects. While impacts on health have been devastating, the COVID-19 pandemic has metastasized through entire societies and nearly every aspect of social life. Indeed, the pandemic has mobilized and changed governments and political parties, economies, public health, medicine, militaries, religions, the media, families, and individuals. While some of these efforts and changes have worked to curtail the pandemic, others have served to prolong the misery and suffering. As we have witnessed the erosion of democratic institutions, the expansion of social inequalities, and the further disintegration of societies, it is unclear whether we will ever really “return to brunch.” One fact is certain. Although medicine and public health are uniquely equipped to address the biological and behavioral aspects of the coronavirus, they are far less suited to contribute to our understanding of the enduring social, cultural, institutional, and structural ramifications of the pandemic. To be sure, these broader questions of society and social life will require years of sociological analysis. To this point, comparatively little work in sociology journals has been devoted to the COVID19 pandemic. As of late March 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) has cataloged over 234,000 pieces of scientific research through its “global literature on the coronavirus disease” database (https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/). While fields like medicine and public health have already written extensively on the pandemic, sociological research has clearly lagged behind. According to the WHO database, only 138 pieces of relevant research appear in the top 50 sociology journals by impact factor or the top 20 sociology journals per Google Scholar metrics. Now that we are just beginning to comprehend the myriad social consequences of the COVID19 pandemic, we expect to see exponential growth in sociological research. But this should come as no surprise. The field of sociology emerged during the crises brought on by industrialization in the late nineteenth century to provide unique insights into a crucial moment of a shifting social order. The COVID-19 pandemic is merely the latest moment to apply a sociological lens to the world in flux. With this in mind, Sociological Perspectives agreed to publish the seminal special issue entirely devoted to original sociological research on the coronavirus (COVID-19) & society. In the section that follows, we describe the major contributions of each article in the issue, organized by theme.
自2019年12月下旬出现以来,冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行已在全球造成450多万人死亡,更多的“长途旅行者”不得不忍受一系列长期副作用。虽然对健康的影响是毁灭性的,但COVID-19大流行已蔓延到整个社会和社会生活的几乎每个方面。事实上,大流行动员并改变了政府和政党、经济、公共卫生、医药、军队、宗教、媒体、家庭和个人。虽然其中一些努力和变化起到了遏制这一流行病的作用,但另一些努力和变化却延长了痛苦和痛苦。我们目睹了民主制度的侵蚀、社会不平等的扩大和社会的进一步解体,我们是否真的能“回到早午餐时代”还不得而知。有一个事实是肯定的。尽管医学和公共卫生在解决冠状病毒的生物学和行为方面具有独特的能力,但它们远不适合帮助我们理解这场大流行带来的持久的社会、文化、体制和结构影响。当然,这些更广泛的社会和社会生活问题需要多年的社会学分析。到目前为止,社会学期刊上关于covid - 19大流行的研究相对较少。截至2021年3月底,世界卫生组织(世卫组织)通过其“冠状病毒疾病全球文献”数据库(https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/)编目了23.4万多篇科学研究。虽然医学和公共卫生等领域已经写了大量关于疫情的文章,但社会学研究显然落后了。根据世界卫生组织的数据库,只有138篇相关研究出现在影响因子排名前50位的社会学期刊或谷歌Scholar指标排名前20位的社会学期刊中。现在我们才刚刚开始了解covid - 19大流行的无数社会后果,我们预计社会学研究将呈指数级增长。但这并不令人意外。社会学领域是在19世纪末工业化带来的危机中兴起的,它对社会秩序转变的关键时刻提供了独特的见解。2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行只是将社会学视角应用于不断变化的世界的最新时刻。考虑到这一点,《社会学视角》同意出版这期开创性的特刊,完全致力于对冠状病毒(COVID-19)和社会的原始社会学研究。在下一节中,我们将按主题描述本期每篇文章的主要贡献。
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引用次数: 1
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Sociological Perspectives
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