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Reputation versus office: Why populist radical right governmental participation has differed between Sweden and Denmark 声誉与职位:为什么瑞典和丹麦的民粹主义激进右翼政府参与度不同
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211020592
D. McDonnell, Annika Werner, Malin Karlsson
Sweden and Denmark have presented contrasting relationships between centre-right and populist radical right (PRR) parties. In Sweden, the centre-right has refused cooperation with the Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) (SD), even when this cost the centre-right office. However, in Denmark, coalitions led by centre-right parties have cooperated with the Danish People’s Party (Dansk Folkeparti) (DF) on multiple occasions. Through a controlled comparison, we examine what explains these different outcomes. Using Chapel Hill Expert Surveys and public opinion data, we firstly look at the policy congruence between parties and the social acceptability of cooperation. We then examine interview material with representatives from centre-right and PRR parties in Sweden and Denmark to see their explanations of cooperation and non-cooperation. We conclude that, while the office goals of Danish centre-right parties, along with the policy focus and uncontroversial past of DF, explain that case, the reputation and past of SD has precluded a similar outcome.
瑞典和丹麦呈现出中右翼和民粹激进右翼(PRR)政党之间截然不同的关系。在瑞典,中右翼拒绝与瑞典民主党(Sverigedemokraterna) (SD)合作,即使这会让中右翼失去执政地位。然而,在丹麦,由中右翼政党领导的联盟曾多次与丹麦人民党(Dansk Folkeparti)合作。通过对照比较,我们研究了解释这些不同结果的原因。利用教堂山专家调查和民意数据,我们首先研究了政党之间的政策一致性和社会对合作的接受程度。然后,我们研究了瑞典和丹麦中右翼和PRR政党代表的访谈材料,以了解他们对合作和不合作的解释。我们的结论是,虽然丹麦中右翼政党的执政目标,以及民主党的政策重点和无争议的过去,解释了这种情况,但民主党的声誉和过去已经排除了类似的结果。
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引用次数: 5
‘It’s a total no-no’: The strategic silence about gender in the European Parliament’s economic governance policies “这完全不是不”:欧洲议会经济治理政策中对性别问题的战略沉默
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/0192512120978329
Anna Elomäki
The European Union’s (EU) economic governance is pivotal for gender equality in the EU, yet gender equality concerns have been sidelined in governance processes. This article analyzes the struggles involved in integrating a gender perspective into the EU’s economic governance in the European Parliament (EP). It explores how the EP, often perceived as a champion of gender equality, constructs gender in relation to economic governance and how conflicts between the EP’s political groups and committees influence the EP’s ability to challenge gendered inequalities related to the governance regime. This article reveals that the EP’s positions have been characterized by strategic silence about gender and understandings of gender equality as a productive factor that legitimized gendered policies. Party-political conflicts and compromises that have sidelined critical views, and a boundary between social and economic issues and actors, were key barriers for the integration of critical gender perspectives.
欧盟(EU)的经济治理对欧盟的性别平等至关重要,但在治理过程中,性别平等问题一直被搁置一边。本文分析了在欧洲议会将性别观点纳入欧盟经济治理的斗争。它探讨了经常被视为性别平等倡导者的欧洲议会如何在经济治理中构建性别,以及欧洲议会政治团体和委员会之间的冲突如何影响欧洲议会挑战与治理制度相关的性别不平等的能力。这篇文章揭示了欧洲议会的立场的特点是对性别保持战略沉默,并将性别平等理解为使性别政策合法化的一个生产因素。政党政治冲突和妥协使批判性观点靠边站,社会和经济问题与行为者之间存在界限,是整合批判性性别观点的关键障碍。
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引用次数: 6
The internal and external institutionalization of the BRICS countries: The case of the New Development Bank 金砖国家的内部和外部制度化:以新开发银行为例
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211024159
Bas Hooijmaaijers
This article explores and explains the internal and external institutionalization of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries via a case study of the New Development Bank. It contributes to the existing literature on the BRICS and the New Development Bank by identifying internal and external factors of institutionalization and by presenting the most recent developments in the field. The internal and external channels of cooperation complement the traditional one based on hosting annual joint BRICS summits. In 2014, these five countries institutionalized their cooperation with an agreement to establish this Bank. The recently established various New Development Bank regional offices play an essential role in its internal and external institutionalization. The New Development Bank is still very much in development. Nonetheless, the internal and external institutionalization approaches provide useful conceptual lenses to understand BRICS cooperation via the New Development Bank better.
本文通过对新开发银行的案例研究,探讨和解释了金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)的内部和外部制度化。它通过确定制度化的内部和外部因素,并介绍该领域的最新发展,为现有关于金砖国家和新开发银行的文献做出了贡献。内部和外部合作渠道与举办金砖国家年度联合峰会的传统合作渠道相辅相成。2014年,这五个国家通过建立该银行的协议将合作制度化。新开发银行最近设立的各区域办事处在其内部和外部制度化方面发挥着重要作用。新开发银行仍在大力发展中。尽管如此,内部和外部制度化方法为更好地理解金砖国家通过新开发银行的合作提供了有用的概念视角。
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引用次数: 10
Should we conduct correspondence study field experiments with political elites? 我们是否应该对政治精英进行函授研究实地实验?
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211026489
T. Zittel, Tom Louwerse, Helene Helboe Pedersen, W. Schakel
Correspondence study field experiments with political elites are a recent addition to legislative studies research, in which unsolicited emails are sent to elites to gauge their responsiveness. In this article, we discuss their ethical implications. We advance from the viewpoint that correspondence study field experiments involve trade-offs between costs and benefits that need to be carefully weighted. We elaborate this argument with two contributions in mind. First, we synthesize ethical considerations in published work to explore what the specific trade-offs are and how they can be mitigated by experimental design. We conclude that correspondence study field experiments with political elites are worth pursuing given their potential to further good governance. But they also involve distinct trade-offs that are particularly challenging. Second, we draw from our own considerations while designing a comparative correspondence study field experiment and stress challenges resulting from cross-national designs. In sum, we aim to facilitate further reasoned discussion on an important methodological issue.
与政治精英进行的函授实地实验是立法研究的最新补充,在立法研究中,向精英发送未经请求的电子邮件,以衡量他们的反应。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了它们的伦理含义。我们的观点是,函授研究的实地实验涉及成本和收益之间的权衡,需要仔细权衡。我们在阐述这一论点时考虑到两个因素。首先,我们综合了已发表工作中的伦理考虑,以探索具体的权衡是什么,以及如何通过实验设计来减轻这些权衡。我们得出的结论是,鉴于政治精英在推进善政方面的潜力,与他们进行函授实地实验是值得追求的。但它们也涉及特别具有挑战性的独特权衡。其次,我们在设计一个比较函授实地实验时借鉴了自己的考虑,并强调了跨国设计带来的挑战。总之,我们的目的是促进就一个重要的方法论问题进行进一步的理性讨论。
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引用次数: 6
Attrition as a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization 损耗是自下而上的次国家民主化途径
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211019269
Trix van Mierlo
Oftentimes, democracy is not spread out evenly over the territory of a country. Instead, pockets of authoritarianism can persist within a democratic system. A growing body of literature questions how such subnational authoritarian enclaves can be democratized. Despite fascinating insights, all existing pathways rely on the actions of elites and are therefore top-down. This article seeks to kick-start the discussion on a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization, by proposing the attrition mechanism. This mechanism consists of four parts and is the product of abductive inference through theory-building causal process tracing. The building blocks consist of subnational democratization literature, social movement theory, and original empirical data gathered during extensive field research. This case study focuses on the ‘Dynasty Slayer’ in the province of Isabela, the Philippines, where civil society actors used the attrition mechanism to facilitate subnational democratization. This study implies that civil society actors in subnational authoritarian enclaves have agency.
通常情况下,民主并不均匀地分布在一个国家的领土上。相反,在民主制度下,一小撮威权主义可能会持续存在。越来越多的文献质疑这些次国家的专制飞地如何实现民主化。尽管有迷人的见解,但所有现有的途径都依赖于精英的行动,因此都是自上而下的。本文试图通过提出摩擦机制,启动自下而上的次国家民主化路径的讨论。这一机制由四个部分组成,是通过理论建构、因果过程追踪进行溯因推理的产物。构建模块包括地方民主化文献,社会运动理论,以及在广泛的实地研究中收集的原始经验数据。本案例研究的重点是菲律宾伊莎贝拉省的“王朝杀手”,在那里,民间社会行动者利用自然流失机制促进地方民主化。这项研究表明,在次国家专制飞地的公民社会行动者具有代理权。
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引用次数: 0
From poverty to trust: Political implications of the anti-poverty campaign in China 从贫困到信任:中国反贫困运动的政治含义
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211001759
Cai (Vera) Zuo, Zhongyuan Wang, Qingjie Zeng
Despite the rapid decrease in poverty across the developing world, there have been few attempts to analyze the implication of poverty alleviation on regime legitimacy. Bridging the literature on poverty alleviation and political trust, this analysis examines the mechanisms through which poverty reduction affects trust in local elected and appointed officials. Using an original survey on the Target Poverty Alleviation campaign in China and causal mediation analyses, we find that beneficiary status is positively associated with political trust. The perception of anti-poverty governance quality, rather than economic evaluation, is the mediator through which beneficiary status affects political trust. Moreover, the intensified non-formalistic elite-mass linkage developed in the poverty alleviation campaign enhances political trust through the improvement of perception of governance quality. These findings have implications for mechanisms through which poverty reduction affects political trust and the type of political linkage that sustains regime legitimacy.
尽管发展中国家的贫困迅速减少,但很少有人试图分析扶贫对政权合法性的影响。结合关于减轻贫困和政治信任的文献,本分析考察了减少贫困影响对地方民选和任命官员信任的机制。通过对中国精准扶贫运动的原始调查和因果中介分析,我们发现受益者地位与政治信任正相关。对反贫困治理质量的感知,而不是经济评价,是受益者地位影响政治信任的中介。此外,扶贫运动中形成的非形式的精英-群众联系,通过提高对治理质量的感知,增强了政治信任。这些发现对减少贫困影响政治信任的机制和维持政权合法性的政治联系类型具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 15
Natural resource wealth and the informal economy 自然资源财富与非正规经济
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/0192512121991973
Robert G. Blanton, Dursun Peksen
The ‘resource curse’ associated with natural resource abundance has long been a subject of study across multiple disciplines. Though much research has focused on possible effects of resource wealth on the formal economy, little is known about how such wealth affects the informal sector, a substantial portion of global economic activity. We posit that resource windfalls directly contribute to growth in the informal economy, as investment and spending patterns associated with such revenues limit opportunities within the formal sector and thus channel more labor and businesses into the informal sector. We test these claims across a panel of over 120 countries for the period 1985 to 2012. Across multiple model specifications, we find that resource wealth growth is associated with increased informal economic activity.
与自然资源丰富相关的“资源诅咒”长期以来一直是多学科研究的主题。尽管许多研究都集中在资源财富对正规经济的可能影响上,但人们对这些财富如何影响非正规部门知之甚少,而非正规部门是全球经济活动的重要组成部分。我们认为,资源横财直接有助于非正规经济的增长,因为与这些收入相关的投资和支出模式限制了正规部门的机会,从而将更多的劳动力和企业引导到非正规部门。在1985年至2012年期间,我们在120多个国家的小组中测试了这些说法。在多个模型规范中,我们发现资源财富增长与非正规经济活动的增加有关。
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引用次数: 8
Special issue introduction: The political ramifications of COVID-19 特刊导言:COVID-19的政治影响
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211015759
Daniel Stockemer, T. Reidy
Starting in February 2020, the world experienced probably the worst external shock of the 21st century to date, the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Detected first in the province of Wuhan, People’s Republic of China (PRC), in December 2019, or January 2020, COVID-19 travelled across the world, infecting over 130 million individuals and killing almost three million people (as of 7 April 2021), and the numbers continue to grow (see Johns Hopkins University Corona Virus Resource Center, 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate a political and economic crisis of global magnitude with countries in the Global South and Global North grappling with the health consequences of the virus and the social and economic outcomes of the varying strategies imposed by national and subnational governments to halt the spread of COVID-19. The scale of the crisis has triggered a so-called risk-society in many countries across the globe in which ‘concerns about personal safety and health as well as collective security have risen to the top of the social and political agendas’ (Boin and t’Hart, 2003: 548). With few exceptions governments in countries as diverse as India, Germany or Argentina have reacted to the highly contagious disease by implementing drastic measures including shutting down economies and confining people to their homes. These measures inflict enormous damage beyond their health impacts and have created severe strains on the economic and social lives of countries. Specifically, the crisis has already triggered one of the largest economic recessions of the 21st century with millions of people unemployed around the world. In addition, social distancing and confinement measures have curtailed basic individual freedoms and put a strain on human relations. School and childcare facility closures have led to increased stress in families causing psychological damage. The COVID-19 pandemic is a ‘transboundary crisis’; a crisis where ‘the functioning of multiple, life-sustaining systems, functions, or infrastructures is acutely threatened and the causes of
从2020年2月开始,世界经历了可能是21世纪迄今最严重的外部冲击,即持续的COVID-19危机。2019年12月或2020年1月,COVID-19首先在中华人民共和国武汉市被发现,传播到世界各地,感染了1.3亿多人,造成近300万人死亡(截至2021年4月7日),并且这一数字还在继续增长(见约翰霍普金斯大学冠状病毒资源中心,2021年)。COVID-19大流行继续造成全球规模的政治和经济危机,全球南方和全球北方国家正在努力应对该病毒造成的健康后果,以及国家和地方政府为遏制COVID-19传播而实施的各种战略所带来的社会和经济后果。危机的规模在全球许多国家引发了所谓的风险社会,其中“对个人安全和健康以及集体安全的关注已经上升到社会和政治议程的首位”(Boin和t ' hart, 2003: 548)。除了少数例外,印度、德国和阿根廷等不同国家的政府都采取了严厉的措施来应对这种高度传染性疾病,包括关闭经济和将人们限制在家中。这些措施除了对健康造成影响外,还造成巨大损害,并对各国的经济和社会生活造成严重压力。具体来说,这场危机已经引发了21世纪最严重的经济衰退之一,全球数百万人失业。此外,保持社交距离和隔离措施限制了个人的基本自由,给人际关系带来了压力。学校和托儿所的关闭导致家庭压力增加,造成心理伤害。2019冠状病毒病大流行是一场“跨界危机”;多种维持生命的系统、功能或基础设施的功能受到严重威胁,其原因是
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引用次数: 1
A whole-of-nation approach to COVID-19: Taiwan’s National Epidemic Prevention Team “全民应对新冠肺炎”:台湾国家防疫小组
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211012291
C. Hsieh, Mao Wang, Natalie WM Wong, L. Ho
This article analyzes Taiwan’s National Epidemic Prevention Team, a collective synergy between government and society in fighting COVID-19. We draw on a model of collaborative governance to dissect the collaboration between National Epidemic Prevention Team members; that is, central government, local governments, private enterprises and citizens. We argue that the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, democratic deepening and continual diplomatic isolation despite the global health crisis contributed to Taiwan’s National Epidemic Prevention Team capacity and cohesiveness. Our analysis contributes to the heated discourse on democratic resilience in these turbulent times, suggesting that outbreak control can succeed only if there is an integrated system of interdepartmental, central–local, intersectoral and citizen–state collaboration. Overall, this article shows how liberal democracies can control and counteract COVID-19 without resorting to authoritarian methods of containment.
本文分析了台湾国家防疫队,这是政府和社会在抗击新冠肺炎方面的集体协作。我们借鉴合作治理模式来剖析国家防疫小组成员之间的合作;即中央政府、地方政府、私营企业和公民。我们认为,2003年严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)的爆发、民主的深化以及在全球卫生危机的情况下持续的外交孤立,有助于台湾国家防疫队的能力和凝聚力。我们的分析有助于在这些动荡时期引发关于民主韧性的激烈讨论,表明只有建立一个跨部门、中央-地方、跨部门和公民-国家合作的综合系统,疫情控制才能成功。总的来说,这篇文章展示了自由民主国家如何在不诉诸威权遏制方法的情况下控制和应对新冠肺炎。
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引用次数: 33
When good news backfires: Feelings of disadvantage in the Corona crisis 当好消息适得其反时:在冠状病毒危机中感到劣势
IF 2.2 2区 社会学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/01925121211002736
Maximilian Filsinger, M. Freitag
The Corona crisis is an unprecedented challenge for societies. Lockdowns and physical distancing orders have generated economic, social and health-related consequences in many countries. In this regard, we evaluate how information about positive economic expectations during the crisis affects citizens’ attitudes. Using a real-world survey experiment, our analyses indicate that information about a positive economic outlook and governmental support to mitigate the crisis actually promote people’s subjective feelings of disadvantage rather than reducing them. Interestingly, it seems that information about economic recovery that opens up opportunities may backfire due to increased upward comparisons and perceived competition. Structural equation analyses suggest that this relationship is mediated by critical views about democratic institutions during the crisis. Citizens lose confidence in their governments and democratic decision-makers to uphold principles of fairness after the crisis ends. Our results have important implications on how to communicate measures that aim to deal with the crisis.
科罗纳危机对社会来说是一个前所未有的挑战。封锁和保持身体距离的命令在许多国家产生了经济、社会和健康方面的后果。在这方面,我们评估了危机期间有关积极经济预期的信息如何影响公民的态度。通过一项真实世界的调查实验,我们的分析表明,关于积极的经济前景和政府支持缓解危机的信息实际上会促进人们的主观劣势感,而不是减少这种感觉。有趣的是,由于向上比较的增加和感知到的竞争,有关经济复苏的信息似乎会带来机会,但可能会适得其反。结构方程分析表明,这种关系是由危机期间对民主制度的批判性观点所介导的。危机结束后,公民对政府和民主决策者维护公平原则失去了信心。我们的研究结果对如何传达旨在应对危机的措施具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 4
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International Political Science Review
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