Omega-Journal of Death and Dying最新文献

Objective: The study aimed to examine the relationship between compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity of intensive care nurses. Method: Permission was obtained from the ethics committee, institution, and nurses prior to the study. The population of the study consisted of all nurses working in a university hospital, and the sample consisted of 144 intensive care nurses who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected through the Questionnaire, the Compassion Fatigue Scale, and the Moral Sensitivity Scale. The total score of the compassion fatigue scale ranges between 24 and 120, and a high score indicates a "high level of compassion". The total score of the moral sensitivity scale, on the other hand, varies between 30-210, and as the score increases, moral sensitivity decreases. The obtained data were evaluated with Student t, One-Way Anova, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, and correlation analysis. Results: It was found that 55.6% of the nurses had a bachelor's degree, 44.4% had been working in the intensive care unit for 4-6 years, 39.6% had professional ethical dilemmas, and 44.6% of those who had ethical dilemmas could not solve this problem. Compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity scale mean scores were found to be 83.3 ± 6.7 and 125.4 ± 7.2, respectively, and there was a positive correlation between compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity mean scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mean score of the compassion fatigue and moral sensitivity scale of intensive care nurses was at a "moderate" level, and there was a positive correlation between the nurses' moral sensitivity scale and compassion fatigue scale scores. In line with these results, it can be suggested that the compassion fatigue and moral sensitivities of nurses especially those working in intensive care be evaluated in terms of resolving the ethical dilemmas they may experience in patient care, and these nurses be supported on these matters.

Death awareness and near-death experiences initiate shifts in awareness, priorities, and relationships. This narrative inquiry explored the stories of four individuals who had near-death experiences. Participants shared their experiences before and after the experiences. Findings include considerations of how mortality awareness connects with life experiences. Resonant threads across narratives included Interactions with Death, Life after Death, and Meaning in Life after Death. Specifically, findings explore near-death experiences, how life was changed following interactions with death, and the meaning-making process through death awareness. Findings and discussion explore the impact of death awareness as well as considerations for those in death and trauma-related fields.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the spiritual health status of Iranian patients with cardiovascular diseases. A literature search was conducted in national (MagIran and Scientific Information Database) and international (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science/ISI) databases from inception to December 2021. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled score of spiritual health. Based on the eligibility criteria, 22 articles were selected for the final analysis. The pooled score of spiritual health in Iranian patients with cardiovascular diseases was 61% (95% confidence interval: 54%-68%). In subgroup analysis, the pooled score in patients with heart failure was higher than other patients (67% vs. 58%). Publication bias was not significant (p = 0.554). Results indicated that the spiritual health of Iranian patients with cardiovascular diseases was moderate. Therefore, it is recommended that proper training be provided to these patients to enhance their adaptation to the complications of cardiovascular diseases.

Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals (LGBT) are at high risk for suicide. This study aimed to examine an integrative psychological model of risk factors among LGBT individuals and explore the psychological pathways connecting social stigma, mental pain, and interpersonal characteristics to suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) in this population. LGBT adults (N = 473) responded to an online questionnaire about stigma, mental pain, interpersonal characteristics, as well as suicidal ideation and behaviors. We found group differences between LGBT respondents in the study variables: Transgender people reported the highest levels of SIB and depression, closely followed by bisexuals. The association between stigma-related variables and SIB was mediated by depression, entrapment, and perceived burdensomeness. These results highlight the role of entrapment and burdensomeness in facilitating suicide risk among LGBT adults, as they may increase the damaging effect of negative societal stigma against LGBTs and thus, elevate the suicide risk in this population.

There are few opportunities for ordinary people not familiar with death to think about it, whereas basic research on death attitudes is insufficient. This study thus examined the attitudes toward death among ordinary people through a qualitative analysis using Erikson's theory of generativity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 middle-aged and older Japanese individuals. The results showed that death attitudes were individualized and consisted of seven components, mainly those related to agency and communion. The change in death attitudes manifested as a change in weight from agency to communion, a change in meaning and perspective, and an orientation toward well-being. In conclusion, the change in death attitudes is to become more generative by balancing agency and communion through the function of narration. This change might be termed "the maturity of death attitudes" because it is oriented toward eudaimonic well-being.

Occupations are everyday activities people do that bring meaning and purpose to life and is culturally shaped. This research aimed to explore the occupations of Chinese older adults living with a terminal illness and their caregivers in Singapore. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, 16 care recipient-family caregiver dyads were recruited from a local hospice provider. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and reflexive thematic analysis was employed. Three themes and seven subthemes described the challenges and changes to daily life faced by care recipients and caregivers as they adjusted to living with the terminal condition. Findings suggest that in a family-centric society, the occupations of care recipients are greatly impacted by their families. It is imperative to engage with family members in goal setting and intervention plans to facilitate therapy gains and carry-over into real life. These results may be applicable to other family-centric societies, but further research is required.

This research was conducted as a descriptive study in order to examine the effects of the moral problems experienced by nurses working in intensive care clinics on their end of life care behaviors. The data were collected using the Moral Distress Scale and Caring Behaviors Inventory. It was found that 74.5% of the nurses were women and their mean age was 32.60 ± 6.6 years. The frequency of moral distress in the nurses was 44.27 ± 16.25 and total score was 111.02 ± 63.85. There were significant differences in the scores of the concept the use of futile treatment by nurses, the decision not to begin life-support treatment being made only by physicians, and moral distress and discomfort felt by pediatric intensive care nurses (p < .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between total scores of discomfort on moral distress and assurance, knowledge and skills, connectedness, and being respectful on the end of life care behaviors (p < .05).

The educational staff that meets the children at school struggles to cope with the death of a child, and often avoids talking with them about the death and their sense of loss. This way of coping is complicated in the case of grief among children with special needs, called "disenfranchised grief ". The aim of this qualitative study was to examine the experience and the perceptions of the educational staff in schools for special education and to assess their way of coping, support and care they employ following the death of a student. 15 staff members from different schools in Israel, interviewed. The findings reveal that schools are a significant source of support for students, staff and parents, alike, in the processing of the loss. The special education frameworks generally maintained a special and close connection with students and families. procedures and guidelines are required following death of a student.

Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of death and dying-denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance-is one of the most popular theoretical models to come out of the 20th century. How did an obscure theory of the dying process come to dominate our understanding of emotional processes altogether? Building on previous work in the sociology of knowledge, I analyze the diffusion and institutionalization of Kübler-Ross's five-stage model in scientific and journalistic fields. Specifically, I analyze all 3216 citations of Kübler-Ross in the New York Times and the Web of Science database using qualitative and quantitative text analysis. I demonstrate how early scientific interest and commercial promotion led to adoption in popular culture, and document how the five-stage model expanded to cover everything from rent prices to COVID-19. I also argue that renewed interest in Kübler-Ross's work may signal contemporary attempts to mine the tradition for meaningful understandings of death and dying.

Critical incidents (CI) trigger acute stress reactions and psychological trauma because of direct or vicarious exposure. These events include natural disasters, wars, terrorist attacks and pandemics, and usually result in deaths and serious physical injuries. Their life-threatening nature makes them reasonable candidates to induce mortality salience (MS). The current review aims to consolidate Terror Management Theory (TMT) research using CIs as MS. A systematic literature review was conducted. Overall, 74 articles with 113 studies were included. Through this review, strong support for MS effects of CI has been found. Consistent with TMT, CIs tend to trigger worldview defence, self-esteem enhancement and relationship seeking. CIs have also been found to impact negatively on individual well-being and organisational health. Recommendations specific to crisis interventions and well-being will be discussed. The review concludes with potential future research directions to strengthen and expand empirical knowledge in CI salience.