Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101932
Shannon Sahlqvist , Karen Lim , Venurs Loh , Jenny Veitch , Jo Salmon , Anna Timperio
Introduction
Creating a safe environment for active travel is regarded as necessary to encourage greater uptake, particularly for children. Doing so, however, may be politically challenging due to perceived community opposition. This study explored parental support for active travel infrastructure and policy changes, and differences by socio-demographic characteristics and child travel characteristics.
Methods
Through an online survey, Victorian (Australia) parents (n = 917) of children in grades 3–6 reported their level of support for 11 policy and infrastructure initiatives, postcode (to determine area-level disadvantage and urbanicity), age, gender, highest level of education, household car ownership, child's active school travel, child's bike access, distance from home to school, and whether they spoke a language other than English at home and were born outside Australia (cultural and linguistic diversity (CaLD)). The proportion of parents indicating support for each initiative was calculated. Ordinal logistic regression examined differences in support by key characterises, with all socio-demographic and travel characteristics entered simultaneously.
Results
Almost all participants were female (88%), 20.3% lived in an area of most-disadvantage, 9.3% were CaLD and 32.4% had one or no household vehicle. Over 80% supported: additional road crossings around schools, more drop-off zones within walking distance of schools, wider footpaths allowing for a mix of users, and separated bike lanes. Initiatives that received the least support (less than 60%) related to changes in the roads around schools, including banning cars at drop-off and pick-up times and converting roads to shared streets or one-way traffic. Greater support for several key initiatives was found among respondents in areas of more disadvantage, who were CaLD, and who had one or no household vehicle.
Conclusion
Parents were supportive of the initiatives. The least supported initiatives were those that restricted car travel. These findings can inform future infrastructural changes to support active travel.
{"title":"Understanding parental support for infrastructure and policy changes that encourage active travel among children","authors":"Shannon Sahlqvist , Karen Lim , Venurs Loh , Jenny Veitch , Jo Salmon , Anna Timperio","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Creating a safe environment for active travel is regarded as necessary to encourage greater uptake, particularly for children. Doing so, however, may be politically challenging due to perceived community opposition. This study explored parental support for active travel infrastructure and policy changes, and differences by socio-demographic characteristics and child travel characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Through an online survey, Victorian (Australia) parents (n = 917) of children in grades 3–6 reported their level of support for 11 policy and infrastructure initiatives, postcode (to determine area-level disadvantage and urbanicity), age, gender, highest level of education, household car ownership, child's active school travel, child's bike access, distance from home to school, and whether they spoke a language other than English at home and were born outside Australia (cultural and linguistic diversity (CaLD)). The proportion of parents indicating support for each initiative was calculated. Ordinal logistic regression examined differences in support by key characterises, with all socio-demographic and travel characteristics entered simultaneously.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Almost all participants were female (88%), 20.3% lived in an area of most-disadvantage, 9.3% were CaLD and 32.4% had one or no household vehicle<strong>.</strong> Over 80% supported: additional road crossings around schools, more drop-off zones within walking distance of schools, wider footpaths allowing for a mix of users, and separated bike lanes. Initiatives that received the least support (less than 60%) related to changes in the roads around schools, including banning cars at drop-off and pick-up times and converting roads to shared streets or one-way traffic. Greater support for several key initiatives was found among respondents in areas of more disadvantage, who were CaLD, and who had one or no household vehicle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Parents were supportive of the initiatives. The least supported initiatives were those that restricted car travel. These findings can inform future infrastructural changes to support active travel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101928
Sue Zhao , Mandi Jiang , Haibo Kuang , Min Wan
Introduction
Public health emergencies can have a ripple effect on the resilience of multimodal transport network, which will lead to problems such as route disruptions or blockages, route selection change and information transmission delay spreading to the whole network, further hindering the transportation planning and operational efficiency of the network.
Methods
This study constructs a multimodal transport route optimization model under uncertainty with the objective of the sum of transportation cost, transshipment cost, penalty cost and carbon emission cost. To enhance the computational efficiency of the model, a novel invasive weed optimization with memory and encoding value clustering capabilities is proposed. In addition, by fusing the Q-learning algorithm in reinforcement learning with the novel invasive weed algorithm, the action-value function table obtained from the training facilitates the selection of optimal routes. Based on empirical data, explore the sensitivity analysis of node disruptions, time windows, and fuzzy demand on route decision-making under public health emergencies.
Results
The transport network is affected by public health emergencies, which makes the optimal route deviate from the expected goal, resulting in an increase in the total cost. The proportion of total cost is determined by the position of nodes in the network, with critical nodes suffering more losses than ordinary nodes. Reasonable setting of time windows and fuzzy demand intervals is an effective way to improve the resilience and transportation efficiency of multimodal transport network.
Conclusions
This study provides more applicable decision-making references for enterprises to prevent the risk of supply chain disruptions caused by public health emergencies.
{"title":"Decision-making optimization for post-disaster restoration of multimodal transport networks in terms of resilience","authors":"Sue Zhao , Mandi Jiang , Haibo Kuang , Min Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Public health emergencies can have a ripple effect on the resilience of multimodal transport network, which will lead to problems such as route disruptions or blockages, route selection change and information transmission delay spreading to the whole network, further hindering the transportation planning and operational efficiency of the network.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study constructs a multimodal transport route optimization model under uncertainty with the objective of the sum of transportation cost, transshipment cost, penalty cost and carbon emission cost. To enhance the computational efficiency of the model, a novel invasive weed optimization with memory and encoding value clustering capabilities is proposed. In addition, by fusing the Q-learning algorithm in reinforcement learning with the novel invasive weed algorithm, the action-value function table obtained from the training facilitates the selection of optimal routes. Based on empirical data, explore the sensitivity analysis of node disruptions, time windows, and fuzzy demand on route decision-making under public health emergencies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The transport network is affected by public health emergencies, which makes the optimal route deviate from the expected goal, resulting in an increase in the total cost. The proportion of total cost is determined by the position of nodes in the network, with critical nodes suffering more losses than ordinary nodes. Reasonable setting of time windows and fuzzy demand intervals is an effective way to improve the resilience and transportation efficiency of multimodal transport network.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides more applicable decision-making references for enterprises to prevent the risk of supply chain disruptions caused by public health emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101931
Omer Dilian , Caroline Beckers , Frank Witlox , Nadav Davidovitch , Karel Martens
Background and aim
Public transport use has been linked to several health benefits in the general population and is crucial for older adults’ mobility, due to an age-related decline in physical and cognitive capacity and mobility, particularly the ability to use other modes of transport. The objective of this systematic review is to determine what is known about the physical and mental health outcomes of public transport use of older adults and to identify remaining gaps in the literature.
Methods
Five electronic databases were searched in April 2023, and then updated in January 2024: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ageline and Transport Research International Documentation (TRID). Included were studies that were in English, contained a measure of public transport use as exposure, and any health outcome, including mental or physical health, physical or cognitive function, morbidity, or mortality, among people aged ≥60 years.
Results
Of a total of 2247 unique records that were screened, the full text of 20 was assessed for eligibility and 11 were identified as eligible. Citation search identified two additional studies, amounting to a total of 13 included studies. Significant health outcomes described in assessed studies were decreased obesity and depressive symptoms, and to a lesser extent increased gait speed and cognitive function.
Conclusions
Initial evidence suggests a positive impact of public transport use on obesity, depressive symptoms, gait and cognitive function, although available research was limited in context and methodology. Further research should focus on determining causality between public transport use and health, and be conducted in more diverse contexts. Transport and urban planners, as well as policymakers, should consider the implications of public transport on the health and independence of older adults.
背景和目的在普通人群中，使用公共交通与多种健康益处有关，而且由于老年人的身体和认知能力以及行动能力，尤其是使用其他交通工具的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降，因此使用公共交通对老年人的行动能力至关重要。本系统性综述旨在确定有关老年人使用公共交通对身心健康影响的已知信息，并找出文献中尚存在的空白：方法于 2023 年 4 月检索了五个电子数据库，并于 2024 年 1 月进行了更新：Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science、Ageline 和 Transport Research International Documentation (TRID)。所纳入的研究均为英文研究，包含以公共交通使用情况作为暴露测量指标，以及任何健康结果，包括精神或身体健康、身体或认知功能、发病率或死亡率，研究对象为年龄≥60 岁的人群。结果 在筛选出的共计 2247 条唯一记录中，对 20 条记录的全文进行了资格评估，确定 11 条符合条件。通过引文检索又发现了两项研究，总共纳入了 13 项研究。结论初步证据表明，使用公共交通对肥胖、抑郁症状、步态和认知功能有积极影响，但现有研究的背景和方法有限。进一步的研究应侧重于确定公共交通使用与健康之间的因果关系，并在更多样化的环境中进行。交通和城市规划者以及政策制定者应考虑公共交通对老年人健康和独立性的影响。
{"title":"Examining the health effects of public transport use on older adults: A systematic review","authors":"Omer Dilian , Caroline Beckers , Frank Witlox , Nadav Davidovitch , Karel Martens","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Public transport use has been linked to several health benefits in the general population and is crucial for older adults’ mobility, due to an age-related decline in physical and cognitive capacity and mobility, particularly the ability to use other modes of transport. The objective of this systematic review is to determine what is known about the physical and mental health outcomes of public transport use of older adults and to identify remaining gaps in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five electronic databases were searched in April 2023, and then updated in January 2024: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ageline and Transport Research International Documentation (TRID). Included were studies that were in English, contained a measure of public transport use as exposure, and any health outcome, including mental or physical health, physical or cognitive function, morbidity, or mortality, among people aged ≥60 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of a total of 2247 unique records that were screened, the full text of 20 was assessed for eligibility and 11 were identified as eligible. Citation search identified two additional studies, amounting to a total of 13 included studies. Significant health outcomes described in assessed studies were decreased obesity and depressive symptoms, and to a lesser extent increased gait speed and cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Initial evidence suggests a positive impact of public transport use on obesity, depressive symptoms, gait and cognitive function, although available research was limited in context and methodology. Further research should focus on determining causality between public transport use and health, and be conducted in more diverse contexts. Transport and urban planners, as well as policymakers, should consider the implications of public transport on the health and independence of older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101929
Alice R. Richman , Abby J. Schwartz , Haiyong Liu , Mallary Scott , Weyling White , Caroline Doherty
Background
Access to transportation can improve the health of communities. Since 2015, Project TRIP (Transporting Residents with Innovative Practices) has offered free nonemergency privately operated individualized transportation for low-income residents in rural eastern North Carolina. We sought to evaluate the impact of Project TRIP on health outcome and healthcare utilization measures and to conduct an economic evaluation of its cost benefit.
Methods
Key health outcome and healthcare utilization variables were compared across 101 Project TRIP users before and after TRIP participation via data obtained from electronic health records from 2017 to 2021. The cost-benefit analysis included a comparison of the costs of operating Project TRIP as compared to the savings of fewer hospital and emergency department admissions. Pre and post TRIP comparisons were analyzed on the following: A1C scores, no show/missed appointments, body weight, body mass index, and number of emergency room and hospital admissions.
Results
Over half (58%) of Project TRIP users were female with a mean age of 54. Most riders were Black (69%), either received Medicaid (32%) or Medicare (17%) or were uninsured (22%). All variables showed a decrease (improvement) post TRIP utilization. The average A1C level decreased by 0.52 post TRIP utilization (statistically significant at 10% level). The number of hospital admissions also decreased (statistically significant at 1% level) for TRIP users. Other key measures also improved for TRIP users but not at statistically significant levels. The estimated net savings of Project TRIP in hospital and emergency room visits alone after deducting operating costs in the past 5 years was $720,544.
Conclusions
This study found that access to a non-emergency medical transportation program was cost-effective in reducing emergency room and hospital expenditures. Project TRIP users demonstrated an improvement in health outcomes post TRIP utilization. Expanding model rural transit programs and policies are needed.
{"title":"The evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of a nonemergency private transportation program for low-income adults in a rural setting","authors":"Alice R. Richman , Abby J. Schwartz , Haiyong Liu , Mallary Scott , Weyling White , Caroline Doherty","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Access to transportation can improve the health of communities. Since 2015, Project TRIP (Transporting Residents with Innovative Practices) has offered free nonemergency privately operated individualized transportation for low-income residents in rural eastern North Carolina. We sought to evaluate the impact of Project TRIP on health outcome and healthcare utilization measures and to conduct an economic evaluation of its cost benefit.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Key health outcome and healthcare utilization variables were compared across 101 Project TRIP users before and after TRIP participation via data obtained from electronic health records from 2017 to 2021. The cost-benefit analysis included a comparison of the costs of operating Project TRIP as compared to the savings of fewer hospital and emergency department admissions. Pre and post TRIP comparisons were analyzed on the following: A1C scores, no show/missed appointments, body weight, body mass index, and number of emergency room and hospital admissions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over half (58%) of Project TRIP users were female with a mean age of 54. Most riders were Black (69%), either received Medicaid (32%) or Medicare (17%) or were uninsured (22%). All variables showed a decrease (improvement) post TRIP utilization. The average A1C level decreased by 0.52 post TRIP utilization (statistically significant at 10% level). The number of hospital admissions also decreased (statistically significant at 1% level) for TRIP users. Other key measures also improved for TRIP users but not at statistically significant levels. The estimated net savings of Project TRIP in hospital and emergency room visits alone after deducting operating costs in the past 5 years was $720,544.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found that access to a non-emergency medical transportation program was cost-effective in reducing emergency room and hospital expenditures. Project TRIP users demonstrated an improvement in health outcomes post TRIP utilization. Expanding model rural transit programs and policies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101930
Adrian Buttazzoni , Julia Pham , Shiran Zhong , Kendra Nelson Ferguson , Jason Gilliland
Introduction
Active school travel (AST; e.g., cycling/walking to/from school) has many potential benefits, yet participation rates are low in many countries. Little is known regarding how the environmental attitudes of youth influence their beliefs and motivations regarding AST. This paper examines the relationships between pro-ecological and dominant social paradigm (DSP; e.g., belief in human exceptionalism) attitudes and the likelihood of reporting different perceived AST barriers, facilitators, and parental/guardian controls among youth, as well as how these attitudes impact different forms of motivation (i.e., external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic regulation) related to AST.
Methods
Logistic and linear regression analyses of a national-level online survey (n = 1193) of Canadian 8–14 year olds were conducted. Divergences were observed with respect to each analysis of perceived barriers, facilitators, and parental controls, as well as motivations for AST.
Results
Mixed findings were found regarding perceived barriers and facilitators; for example, differences were observed regarding the likelihood of perceiving road safety barriers with increases in pro-ecological perspectives being significantly more likely than increases in DSP views to report barriers such as ‘drivers speeding’. Consistent divergent trends were found regarding perceived parental controls and types of motivation for AST. For instance, environment-related parental controls like ‘allowed to cycle on main roads’, and motivations like external regulation, were significantly associated with increases in DSP beliefs but not in response to changes in pro-ecological perspectives.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that increases in pro-ecological attitudes tend to predict more perceived barriers to AST and greater intrinsic motivation to engage in AST—trends that are not mirrored in changes among DSP views. Future studies are encouraged to explore other environmental attitudes (e.g., consumption behavior, pollution reduction practices) to compare to our findings.
{"title":"Do environmental attitudes predict perceived active school travel barriers, facilitators, and motivations among youth? Evidence from a national Canadian survey","authors":"Adrian Buttazzoni , Julia Pham , Shiran Zhong , Kendra Nelson Ferguson , Jason Gilliland","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Active school travel (AST; e.g., cycling/walking to/from school) has many potential benefits, yet participation rates are low in many countries. Little is known regarding how the environmental attitudes of youth influence their beliefs and motivations regarding AST. This paper examines the relationships between pro-ecological and dominant social paradigm (DSP; e.g., belief in human exceptionalism) attitudes and the likelihood of reporting different perceived AST barriers, facilitators, and parental/guardian controls among youth, as well as how these attitudes impact different forms of motivation (i.e., external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic regulation) related to AST.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Logistic and linear regression analyses of a national-level online survey (n = 1193) of Canadian 8–14 year olds were conducted. Divergences were observed with respect to each analysis of perceived barriers, facilitators, and parental controls, as well as motivations for AST.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mixed findings were found regarding perceived barriers and facilitators; for example, differences were observed regarding the likelihood of perceiving road safety barriers with increases in pro-ecological perspectives being significantly more likely than increases in DSP views to report barriers such as ‘drivers speeding’. Consistent divergent trends were found regarding perceived parental controls and types of motivation for AST. For instance, environment-related parental controls like ‘allowed to cycle on main roads’, and motivations like external regulation, were significantly associated with increases in DSP beliefs but not in response to changes in pro-ecological perspectives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that increases in pro-ecological attitudes tend to predict more perceived barriers to AST and greater intrinsic motivation to engage in AST—trends that are not mirrored in changes among DSP views. Future studies are encouraged to explore other environmental attitudes (e.g., consumption behavior, pollution reduction practices) to compare to our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101925
Rodrigo Bini , Blake Collins , Jayden Hunter , Nicholas Hunter , Jenna McVicar , Brett Gordon , Michael Kingsley
Introduction
Electrically assisted bikes (E-bikes) have the potential to assist with the accumulation of moderate intensity physical activity but the relationship between volume of e-cycling and health has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between distance travelled during a 4-week e-bike intervention and measures of health. A second aim was to explore individual responses to using e-bikes and the potential effects of weather on the volume of e-cycling.
Methods
Twenty-six sedentary adults were assessed before and after 4-weeks using a motion activated e-bike. Health (i.e., blood glucose and blood pressure), cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness (i.e., lower body strength, power and flexibility) outcomes were obtained before and after the 4-weeks. Travel distance, total monthly rainfall, max and min temperatures (monthly averages) data were collected. Correlations between travel distance and health (body mass, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), cardiorespiratory fitness (power output and heart rate (HR) during the Astrand Rhyming test, and predicted VO2max) and musculoskeletal fitness (sit and reach distance, vertical jump height, wall squat time) were analysed. Magnitude of changes relative to baseline values were explored to identify individuals that could potentially benefit more from the intervention.
Results
An inverse relationship between travel distance was observed with changes in body mass (p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.46) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.44). Individuals with higher blood glucose and poorer vertical jump performance at baseline had better magnitude of change results after the 4-weeks e-cycling.
Conclusions
Associations between more travel with an e-bike and greater reductions in body mass and diastolic blood pressure were observed. E-cycling has the potential to assist those with poorer health outcomes, but it may need to be supplemented by additional forms of exercise to ensure adherence to the guidelines for physical activity.
{"title":"Associations between e-bike travel distance and changes in health","authors":"Rodrigo Bini , Blake Collins , Jayden Hunter , Nicholas Hunter , Jenna McVicar , Brett Gordon , Michael Kingsley","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Electrically assisted bikes (E-bikes) have the potential to assist with the accumulation of moderate intensity physical activity but the relationship between volume of e-cycling and health has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between distance travelled during a 4-week e-bike intervention and measures of health. A second aim was to explore individual responses to using e-bikes and the potential effects of weather on the volume of e-cycling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-six sedentary adults were assessed before and after 4-weeks using a motion activated e-bike. Health (i.e., blood glucose and blood pressure), cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness (i.e., lower body strength, power and flexibility) outcomes were obtained before and after the 4-weeks. Travel distance, total monthly rainfall, max and min temperatures (monthly averages) data were collected. Correlations between travel distance and health (body mass, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), cardiorespiratory fitness (power output and heart rate (HR) during the Astrand Rhyming test, and predicted VO<sub>2</sub>max) and musculoskeletal fitness (sit and reach distance, vertical jump height, wall squat time) were analysed. Magnitude of changes relative to baseline values were explored to identify individuals that could potentially benefit more from the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An inverse relationship between travel distance was observed with changes in body mass (p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.46) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02 and ρ = −0.44). Individuals with higher blood glucose and poorer vertical jump performance at baseline had better magnitude of change results after the 4-weeks e-cycling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Associations between more travel with an e-bike and greater reductions in body mass and diastolic blood pressure were observed. E-cycling has the potential to assist those with poorer health outcomes, but it may need to be supplemented by additional forms of exercise to ensure adherence to the guidelines for physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101924
Leon Booth , Victoria Farrar , Jason Thompson , Rajith Vidanaarachchi , Branislava Godic , Julie Brown , Charles Karl , Simone Pettigrew
Introduction
Physical activity is beneficial to health, yet a substantial proportion of people do not meet minimum physical activity recommendations. The introduction of autonomous vehicles is likely to bring about changes that both promote and discourage people from being physically active. However, attempts to predict how autonomous vehicles will affect engagement in physical activity have yielded mixed results. The present study used a novel approach to better understand how people's lifestyles might be affected, and whether some people may be more vulnerable to increased inactivity.
Method
In total, 1078 respondents completed an online survey that included a vignette describing a future scenario where autonomous vehicles are in common use. Respondents reported their anticipated changes in exercise levels and associated reasons. Frequency analyses were conducted to examine predicted changes in physical activity and two generalised linear models were run to identify factors associated with predicted decreases and increases in exercise.
Results
Only minor changes in anticipated levels of physical activity were observed. However, younger people, those who were less active, and those who spent more time using cars and public transport, were more likely to expect they would be increasingly sedentary in the scenario. Less incidental exercise, widespread convenient delivery services, and increased access to door-to-door transport were cited as being the main reasons for anticipating being less active.
Conclusions
The introduction of autonomous vehicles and delivery services will need to be carefully managed to avoid reduced physical activity among certain groups. Proactively employing harm-reduction strategies is a potential means to foster active lifestyles in an autonomous future.
{"title":"How will physical activity change in an autonomous future?","authors":"Leon Booth , Victoria Farrar , Jason Thompson , Rajith Vidanaarachchi , Branislava Godic , Julie Brown , Charles Karl , Simone Pettigrew","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Physical activity is beneficial to health, yet a substantial proportion of people do not meet minimum physical activity recommendations. The introduction of autonomous vehicles is likely to bring about changes that both promote and discourage people from being physically active. However, attempts to predict how autonomous vehicles will affect engagement in physical activity have yielded mixed results. The present study used a novel approach to better understand how people's lifestyles might be affected, and whether some people may be more vulnerable to increased inactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In total, 1078 respondents completed an online survey that included a vignette describing a future scenario where autonomous vehicles are in common use. Respondents reported their anticipated changes in exercise levels and associated reasons. Frequency analyses were conducted to examine predicted changes in physical activity and two generalised linear models were run to identify factors associated with predicted decreases and increases in exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only minor changes in anticipated levels of physical activity were observed. However, younger people, those who were less active, and those who spent more time using cars and public transport, were more likely to expect they would be increasingly sedentary in the scenario. Less incidental exercise, widespread convenient delivery services, and increased access to door-to-door transport were cited as being the main reasons for anticipating being less active.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The introduction of autonomous vehicles and delivery services will need to be carefully managed to avoid reduced physical activity among certain groups. Proactively employing harm-reduction strategies is a potential means to foster active lifestyles in an autonomous future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101922
Lyle Brewster , John Rae , Sonja Maria , Donovan Jones
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paramedic safety during response and transportation is a critical issue in emergency medical services, with direct implications for both paramedic well-being and patient care. Ambulance crashes, which average 24.7 fatal incidents per year in the U.S., pose significant risks, with 40.2% of fatalities involving ambulance occupants, including paramedics. Despite its importance, there is limited research addressing the unique risks paramedics face in this phase of their work. This scoping review aims to fill this gap by systematically evaluating the current literature, identifying key findings, and providing recommendations for future research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted using the JBI methodology, which involved a comprehensive search using three platforms: EBSCOhost (All databases), SCOPUS, and OVID. The search targeted articles published between 2000 and August 2024, focusing specifically on paramedic safety. The search terms included variations of paramedic, combined with keywords related to safety, danger, risks, and transport. Citations were imported in EndNote and reviewed by two authors. Articles primarily addressing patient safety and non-English publications were excluded. Thematic analysis was systematically performed using Braun & Clarke's method to manually extract and analyse key themes from the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1354 publications were identified, with 1307 excluded due to lack of relevance or duplication. Forty-seven articles underwent further assessment, resulting in the exclusion of an additional twenty-four publications. Twenty-three articles met the final inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed five core themes: (1) driver inattention and risky behaviours, (2) driver/pilot error, (3) seat belt use, (4) equipment and safety design, and (5) lights and sirens driving.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review underscores the potential role of paramedic behaviours in contributing to safety risks during the transportation phase and that this is key among a multitude of other factors influencing injuries and fatalities in this context. Despite its significance, research addressing these behaviours and risk mitigation strategies remains scarce. Future research must centre on understanding paramedic behaviour and implementing measures to address these critical safety concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Practical applications</h3><div>The scoping review findings suggest actionable recommendations to enhance paramedic safety during transportation. Policy updates should mandate seat belt use, establish stricter guidelines for lights and sirens, and prioritize ambulance interior design for safety. This includes secure equipment storage, ergonomic seating, and advanced restraint systems. Additionally, training programmes should be enhanced to cover safe driving practices, risk management, and proper safety equipment use, while addres
{"title":"Beyond the sirens: A scoping review on paramedic safety during response and transportation","authors":"Lyle Brewster , John Rae , Sonja Maria , Donovan Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paramedic safety during response and transportation is a critical issue in emergency medical services, with direct implications for both paramedic well-being and patient care. Ambulance crashes, which average 24.7 fatal incidents per year in the U.S., pose significant risks, with 40.2% of fatalities involving ambulance occupants, including paramedics. Despite its importance, there is limited research addressing the unique risks paramedics face in this phase of their work. This scoping review aims to fill this gap by systematically evaluating the current literature, identifying key findings, and providing recommendations for future research.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted using the JBI methodology, which involved a comprehensive search using three platforms: EBSCOhost (All databases), SCOPUS, and OVID. The search targeted articles published between 2000 and August 2024, focusing specifically on paramedic safety. The search terms included variations of paramedic, combined with keywords related to safety, danger, risks, and transport. Citations were imported in EndNote and reviewed by two authors. Articles primarily addressing patient safety and non-English publications were excluded. Thematic analysis was systematically performed using Braun & Clarke's method to manually extract and analyse key themes from the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1354 publications were identified, with 1307 excluded due to lack of relevance or duplication. Forty-seven articles underwent further assessment, resulting in the exclusion of an additional twenty-four publications. Twenty-three articles met the final inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed five core themes: (1) driver inattention and risky behaviours, (2) driver/pilot error, (3) seat belt use, (4) equipment and safety design, and (5) lights and sirens driving.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review underscores the potential role of paramedic behaviours in contributing to safety risks during the transportation phase and that this is key among a multitude of other factors influencing injuries and fatalities in this context. Despite its significance, research addressing these behaviours and risk mitigation strategies remains scarce. Future research must centre on understanding paramedic behaviour and implementing measures to address these critical safety concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Practical applications</h3><div>The scoping review findings suggest actionable recommendations to enhance paramedic safety during transportation. Policy updates should mandate seat belt use, establish stricter guidelines for lights and sirens, and prioritize ambulance interior design for safety. This includes secure equipment storage, ergonomic seating, and advanced restraint systems. Additionally, training programmes should be enhanced to cover safe driving practices, risk management, and proper safety equipment use, while addres","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101926
Stan Yu , Carla Teixeira , Sarah Kostiuk
Background
A Community Bike Shop (CBS) is a local organization that aims to reduce accessibility barriers to bicycles in the community to support patrons' and the community's well being. There is very limited literature available to fully understand the impacts that CBSs have in their communities.
Purpose
Our study sought to explore the impact of CBSs from the perspective of patrons.
Methodology
A phenomenological approach was used to collect descriptive data from patrons through an online survey using open and closed survey questions. There were 12 CBS locations in Canada and the United States, and 155 patrons who participated in the survey. Data was analyzed to answer the research question using conductive analysis.
Results
Four common themes emerged as the impacts of CBS from the data, which were: a) improved access to bikes; b) community building; c) skill development; and d) confidence and empowerment.
Conclusion
CBSs impact appears to extend beyond the personal level as it provides a space and services that participates in reducing health inequities in their community.
{"title":"What do community bike shops mean to the community? Exploring the patrons' perspective","authors":"Stan Yu , Carla Teixeira , Sarah Kostiuk","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A Community Bike Shop (CBS) is a local organization that aims to reduce accessibility barriers to bicycles in the community to support patrons' and the community's well being. There is very limited literature available to fully understand the impacts that CBSs have in their communities.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Our study sought to explore the impact of CBSs from the perspective of patrons.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A phenomenological approach was used to collect descriptive data from patrons through an online survey using open and closed survey questions. There were 12 CBS locations in Canada and the United States, and 155 patrons who participated in the survey. Data was analyzed to answer the research question using conductive analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four common themes emerged as the impacts of CBS from the data, which were: a) improved access to bikes; b) community building; c) skill development; and d) confidence and empowerment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CBSs impact appears to extend beyond the personal level as it provides a space and services that participates in reducing health inequities in their community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2024.101921
Arham Limoochi , Javier Rodriguez
The transition from gasoline-combustion to zero-emission vehicles represents one of the most ambitious public and private enterprises around the globe to mitigate air pollution and its subsequent effects on climate change. The present study uses the rapid transition in the state of California to analyze the connections between the increasing utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) and two critical health outcomes: Asthma and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) emergency department (ED) visits. We fit simultaneous quantile and interquartile-range regression models to health and sociodemographic data from the California Office of Health and Hazard Assessment and electric vehicles registration data, 2011–2017. Results show that changes in EV utilization, from 2011 to 2013 to 2015–2017, have larger and more favorable effects as asthma and AMI deteriorate across zip codes. Looking at zip codes located at the 75th and 25th percentiles of the change in the asthma- and AMI-related ED visits distribution, a 5-percentage points change in the EV-to-gasoline combustion utilization ratio is associated with a 25-percentage points and 12.5-percentage points decline in asthma- and AMI-related ED visits, respectively. Our findings also suggest that, should the U.S. meet the goals of Executive Order N-79-20 by 2035, we could observe about 37,000 fewer asthma-related ED visits (95% CI: 16,154–59,280) per year, with an overall possible annual savings of about $65.5 million dollars (95% CI: $29.1M – $106.7M), and a possible decline of about 19,292 AMI-related hospitalizations, with possible annual savings of about $425 million dollars (95% CI: $365M – $509M). Our findings are optimistic in that spillover effects from increasing EV utilization can reduce healthcare costs while improving population health. Research should point toward the development of public-private coalitional strategies to effectively bridge usually disparate sectors of the economy and policy-making like energy and health.
{"title":"EVs meet health: A complex-systems policy integration approach for electric vehicle adoption and its impact on respiratory and cardiovascular disease","authors":"Arham Limoochi , Javier Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jth.2024.101921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition from gasoline-combustion to zero-emission vehicles represents one of the most ambitious public and private enterprises around the globe to mitigate air pollution and its subsequent effects on climate change. The present study uses the rapid transition in the state of California to analyze the connections between the increasing utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) and two critical health outcomes: Asthma and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) emergency department (ED) visits. We fit simultaneous quantile and interquartile-range regression models to health and sociodemographic data from the California Office of Health and Hazard Assessment and electric vehicles registration data, 2011–2017. Results show that changes in EV utilization, from 2011 to 2013 to 2015–2017, have larger and more favorable effects as asthma and AMI deteriorate across zip codes. Looking at zip codes located at the 75<sup>th</sup> and 25<sup>th</sup> percentiles of the change in the asthma- and AMI-related ED visits distribution, a 5-percentage points change in the EV-to-gasoline combustion utilization ratio is associated with a 25-percentage points <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and 12.5-percentage points <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>01</mn></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> decline in asthma- and AMI-related ED visits, respectively. Our findings also suggest that, should the U.S. meet the goals of Executive Order N-79-20 by 2035, we could observe about 37,000 fewer asthma-related ED visits (95% CI: 16,154–59,280) per year, with an overall possible annual savings of about $65.5 million dollars (95% CI: $29.1M – $106.7M), and a possible decline of about 19,292 AMI-related hospitalizations, with possible annual savings of about $425 million dollars (95% CI: $365M – $509M). Our findings are optimistic in that spillover effects from increasing EV utilization can reduce healthcare costs while improving population health. Research should point toward the development of public-private coalitional strategies to effectively bridge usually disparate sectors of the economy and policy-making like energy and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport & Health","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 101921"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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