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Early gesture use predicts children’s language development in South Korea: New evidence supporting the cross-cultural importance of pointing 早期手势的使用可预测韩国儿童的语言发展:支持指向的跨文化重要性的新证据
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12585
So Yeon Shin, Meredith L. Rowe, Hyun Suk Lee

Research in the U.S. and other Western countries shows that children’s early gesture use, which starts prior to verbal communication, is an important predictor of children’s later language development. Despite increasing efforts to study gesture use in diverse contexts, most of our knowledge on the role of gesture is largely based on populations of Western countries. In this study, we add to the growing body of international research by examining gesture use by 31 mothers and their 14-month-old infants (12 girls) in South Korea and investigate the gestures used during interaction, and whether early gesture use at 14 months predicts Korean children’s later language skills at 36 months. The results showed that in addition to using gestures observed in other cultural contexts, Korean mother-child dyads used culturally specific gesture (i.e., bowing), showing an early sign of socialization that starts with preverbal children. In addition, Korean infants’ index-finger pointing, but not showing and giving, predicted their later receptive and expressive vocabulary skills at 36 months, providing additional support for the importance of pointing in early language development.

美国和其他西方国家的研究表明,儿童在语言交流之前开始使用的早期手势是儿童日后语言发展的重要预测指标。尽管我们越来越努力地研究儿童在不同情境中使用手势的情况,但我们对手势作用的了解大多基于西方国家的人群。在本研究中,我们对韩国 31 名母亲及其 14 个月大的婴儿(12 名女孩)的手势使用情况进行了研究,调查了她们在互动过程中使用的手势,以及 14 个月大时的早期手势使用是否能预测韩国儿童日后 36 个月大时的语言技能,从而为日益增多的国际研究增添了新的内容。结果表明,除了使用在其他文化背景下观察到的手势外,韩国母子二人组还使用了文化特有的手势(即鞠躬),显示了从语言前儿童开始的社会化的早期迹象。此外,韩国婴儿的食指指向(而非显示和给予)可以预测他们日后在 36 个月大时的接受和表达词汇能力,这为指向在早期语言发展中的重要性提供了更多支持。
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引用次数: 0
Sustained looking at faces at 5 months of age is associated with socio-communicative skills in the second year of life 5 个月大时持续看脸与第二年的社会交流能力有关。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12586
Charlotte Viktorsson, Ana Maria Portugal, Mark J. Taylor, Angelica Ronald, Terje Falck-Ytter

Efficiently processing information from faces in infancy is foundational for nonverbal communication. We studied individual differences in 5-month-old infants' (N = 517) sustained attention to faces and preference for emotional faces. We assessed the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to individual differences in these gaze behaviors, and the association between these traits and other concurrent and later phenotypes. We found an association between the mean duration of looking at a face (before looking away from it) at 5 months and socio-communicative abilities at 14 months (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08; 0.26, p < 0.001). Sustained attention to faces predicted socio-communicative abilities over and above variance captured by mean fixation duration. We also found a statistically significant but weak tendency to prefer looking at smiling faces (relative to neutral faces), but no indication that variability in this behavior was explained by genetic effects. Moderate heritability was found for sustained attention to faces (A = 0.23, CI: 0.06; 0.38), while shared environmental influences were non-significant for both phenotypes. These findings suggest that sustained looking at individual faces before looking away is a developmentally significant ‘social attention’ phenotype in infancy, characterized by moderate heritability and a specific relation to later socio-communicative abilities.

有效处理婴儿期的面孔信息是非语言交流的基础。我们研究了 5 个月大婴儿(N = 517)对面孔的持续关注和对情感面孔的偏好的个体差异。我们评估了遗传和环境对这些注视行为个体差异的影响,以及这些特征与其他同时出现的表型和后期表型之间的关联。我们发现,5 个月大时注视一张面孔(在移开视线之前)的平均持续时间与 14 个月大时的社会交流能力之间存在关联(β = 0.17,95% CI: 0.08; 0.26,p
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引用次数: 0
A longitudinal study examining the associations between prenatal and postnatal maternal distress and toddler socioemotional developmental during the COVID-19 pandemic 一项纵向研究,探讨了 COVID-19 大流行期间产前和产后产妇痛苦与幼儿社会情感发展之间的关联。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12584
Jennifer E. Khoury, Leslie Atkinson, Andrea Gonzalez

Elevated psychological distress, experienced by pregnant women and parents, has been well-documented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research focuses on the first 6-months postpartum, with single or limited repeated measures of perinatal distress. The present longitudinal study examined how perinatal distress, experienced over nearly 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted toddler socioemotional development. A sample of 304 participants participated during pregnancy, 6-weeks, 6-months, and 15-months postpartum. Mothers reported their depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, at each timepoint. Mother-reported toddler socioemotional functioning (using the Brief Infant–Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment) was measured at 15-months. Results of structural equation mediation models indicated that (1) higher prenatal distress was associated with elevated postpartum distress, from 6-weeks to 15-months postpartum; (2) associations between prenatal distress and toddler socioemotional problems became nonsignificant after accounting for postpartum distress; and (3) higher prenatal distress was indirectly associated with greater socioemotional problems, and specifically elevated externalizing problems, through higher maternal distress at 6 weeks and 15 months postpartum. Findings suggest that the continued experience of distress during the postpartum period plays an important role in child socioemotional development during the COVID-19 pandemic.

在 COVID-19 大流行期间,孕妇和父母所经历的高心理压力已得到充分证实。大多数研究都集中在产后的前 6 个月,对围产期心理压力进行单一或有限的重复测量。本纵向研究探讨了在 COVID-19 大流行的近两年时间里,围产期困扰如何影响幼儿的社会情感发展。304 名参与者分别在孕期、6 周、6 个月和产后 15 个月参加了这项研究。母亲们报告了她们在每个时间点的抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。母亲报告的幼儿社会情感功能(使用简易婴幼儿社会情感评估)在 15 个月时进行了测量。结构方程调解模型的结果表明:(1) 从产后 6 周到 15 个月,较高的产前困扰与较高的产后困扰相关;(2) 在考虑到产后困扰后,产前困扰与幼儿社会情感问题之间的关联变得不显著;(3) 较高的产前困扰通过产后 6 周和 15 个月较高的产妇困扰间接与较高的社会情感问题,特别是较高的外化问题相关。研究结果表明,在 COVID-19 大流行期间,产后持续经历痛苦对儿童的社会情感发展起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 pandemic effects: Examining prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament COVID-19 大流行的影响:研究产前内化症状和婴儿气质。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12583
Jennifer A. Mattera, Nora L. Erickson, Celestina Barbosa-Leiker, Maria A. Gartstein

For pregnant women, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented stressors, including uncertainty regarding prenatal care and the long-term consequences of perinatal infection. However, few studies have examined the role of this adverse event on maternal wellbeing and infant socioemotional development following the initial wave of the pandemic when less stringent public health restrictions were in place. The current study addressed these gaps in the literature by first comparing prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament collected after the first wave of the pandemic to equivalent measures in a pre-pandemic sample. Second, associations between prenatal pandemic-related stress and infant temperament were examined. Women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic endorsed higher pregnancy-specific anxiety relative to the pre-pandemic sample. They also reported greater infant negative emotionality and lower positive affectivity and regulatory capacity at 2 months postpartum. Prenatal infection stress directly predicted infant negative affect. Both prenatal infection and preparedness stress were indirectly related to infant negative emotionality through depression symptoms during pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum. These results have implications for prenatal mental health screening procedures during the pandemic and the development of early intervention programs for infants born to mothers during this adverse event.

COVID-19 大流行给孕妇带来了前所未有的压力,包括产前护理的不确定性和围产期感染的长期后果。然而,很少有研究探讨了这一不利事件在大流行初期公共卫生限制较为宽松的情况下对孕产妇健康和婴儿社会情感发展的影响。针对这些文献空白,本研究首先将第一波大流行后收集的产前内化症状和婴儿性情与大流行前样本中的同等指标进行了比较。其次,研究了产前大流行相关压力与婴儿气质之间的关联。与大流行前的样本相比,在 COVID-19 大流行期间怀孕的妇女表现出更高的妊娠焦虑。她们还报告说,产后两个月的婴儿负面情绪更多,正面情绪和调节能力更低。产前感染压力可直接预测婴儿的负面情绪。产前感染和备孕压力通过孕期和产后 2 个月时的抑郁症状与婴儿的负面情绪间接相关。这些结果对大流行病期间的产前心理健康筛查程序以及在这一不利事件中为母亲所生婴儿制定早期干预计划具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Attention control in preterm and term 5-month-old infants: Cross-task stability increases with gestational age 早产儿和 5 个月足月儿的注意力控制:跨任务稳定性随胎龄增长而增加。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12574
Oliver Perra, Alice Winstanley, Rebecca Sperotto, Merideth Gattis

Cross-task stability refers to performance consistency across different settings and measures of the same construct. Cross-task stability can help us understand developmental processes, including how risks such as preterm birth affect outcomes. We investigated cross-task stability of attention control in 32 preterm and 39 term infants. All infants had the same chronological age at time of testing (5 months) but varied in gestational age (GA) at birth (30–42 weeks). Infants completed an experimental attention following task with a researcher and a naturalistic play observation with their mothers. Both preterm and term infants demonstrated attention following in the experimental task. GA and flexibility of attention were related: the likelihood of no turn trials decreased with increasing GA. To evaluate cross-task stability, we compared attention performance in the experimental and naturalistic settings. Flexible attention shifts on the experimental task were positively related to attention to objects in the naturalistic observation. Furthermore, the association between flexible attention shifts on the experimental task and attention to objects in the naturalistic observation was moderated by GA. Our study provides initial evidence that the consolidation of attention control increases with GA. These findings highlight the value of comparing experimental and observational measures of attention.

跨任务稳定性指的是在不同的环境下和对同一结构进行测量时的表现一致性。跨任务稳定性有助于我们了解发育过程,包括早产等风险如何影响发育结果。我们调查了 32 名早产儿和 39 名足月儿在注意力控制方面的跨任务稳定性。所有婴儿接受测试时的年龄(5 个月)相同,但出生时的胎龄(30-42 周)不同。婴儿与研究人员一起完成了一项注意力跟踪实验任务,并与母亲一起完成了一项自然游戏观察任务。早产儿和足月儿在实验任务中都表现出了注意追随。性别差异与注意力的灵活性有关:随着性别差异的增加,无转向试验的可能性降低。为了评估跨任务的稳定性,我们比较了实验环境和自然环境中的注意力表现。实验任务中的灵活注意力转移与自然观察中对物体的注意力呈正相关。此外,实验任务中的灵活注意转移与自然观察中对物体的注意之间的关联受 GA 的调节。我们的研究提供了初步证据,证明注意力控制的巩固会随着 GA 的增加而增加。这些发现凸显了将注意力的实验测量与观察测量进行比较的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing apples to manzanas and oranges to naranjas: A new measure of English-Spanish vocabulary for dual language learners 比较苹果和曼萨纳斯以及橘子和纳兰哈斯:衡量双语学习者英语-西班牙语词汇量的新标准
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12571
Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda, George Kachergis, Lillian R. Masek, Sandy L. Gonzalez, Kasey C. Soska, Orit Herzberg, Melody Xu, Karen E. Adolph, Rick O. Gilmore, Marc H. Bornstein, Marianella Casasola, Caitlin M. Fausey, Michael C. Frank, Susan Goldin-Meadow, Julie Gros-Louis, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Jana Iverson, Casey Lew-Williams, Brian MacWhinney, Virginia A. Marchman, Letitia Naigles, Laura Namy, Lynn K. Perry, Meredith Rowe, Adam Sheya, Melanie Soderstrom, Lulu Song, Eric Walle, Anne S. Warlaumont, Hanako Yoshida, Chen Yu, Dan Yurovsky

The valid assessment of vocabulary development in dual-language-learning infants is critical to developmental science. We developed the Dual Language Learners English-Spanish (DLL-ES) Inventories to measure vocabularies of U.S. English-Spanish DLLs. The inventories provide translation equivalents for all Spanish and English items on Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) short forms; extended inventories based on CDI long forms; and Spanish language-variety options. Item-Response Theory analyses applied to Wordbank and Web-CDI data (n = 2603, 12–18 months; n = 6722, 16–36 months; half female; 1% Asian, 3% Black, 2% Hispanic, 30% White, 64% unknown) showed near-perfect associations between DLL-ES and CDI long-form scores. Interviews with 10 Hispanic mothers of 18- to 24-month-olds (2 White, 1 Black, 7 multi-racial; 6 female) provide a proof of concept for the value of the DLL-ES for assessing the vocabularies of DLLs.

有效评估双语学习婴儿的词汇发展对发展科学至关重要。我们开发了英语-西班牙语双语学习者(DLL-ES)量表来测量美国英语-西班牙语双语学习者的词汇量。该量表提供了交际发展量表(CDI)短表中所有西班牙语和英语项目的翻译等值;基于交际发展量表长表的扩展量表;以及西班牙语语种选项。对 Wordbank 和 Web-CDI 数据(n = 2603,12-18 个月;n = 6722,16-36 个月;女性占一半;1% 亚洲人,3% 黑人,2% 西班牙人,30% 白人,64% 未知)进行的项目反应理论分析表明,DLL-ES 与 CDI 长表得分之间几乎完全相关。对 10 位 18 到 24 个月大的西班牙裔母亲(2 位白人、1 位黑人、7 位多种族母亲;6 位女性)的访谈证明了 DLL-ES 在评估 DLL 儿童词汇量方面的价值。
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引用次数: 0
What's the point? Infants' and adults' perception of different pointing gestures 重点是什么?婴儿和成人对不同指向手势的感知。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12579
Ebru Ger, Stephanie Wermelinger, Maxine de Ven, Moritz M. Daum

Adults and infants as young as 4 months old orient to pointing gestures. Although adults are shown to orient faster to index-finger pointing than other hand shapes, it is unknown whether hand shapes influence infants' perception of pointing. In this study, we used a spatial cueing paradigm on an eye tracker to investigate whether and to what extent adults and 12-month-old infants orient their attention in the direction of pointing gestures with different hand shapes: index finger, whole hand, and pinky finger. Furthermore, we assessed infants' and their parents' pointing production. Results revealed that adults showed a reliable cueing effect: shorter saccadic reaction times (SRTs) to congruent than incongruent targets, for all hand shapes. However, they did not show a larger cueing effect triggered by the index or any other finger. This contradicts previous findings and is discussed with respect to the differences in methodology. Infants showed a cueing effect only for the whole hand but not for the index or pinky fingers. The current results suggest that infants' orienting to pointing may be more robust for the whole hand shape in the first year, and tuning in to the social-communicative relevance of the canonical index finger shape may develop later or require additional social-communicative cues.

成人和 4 个月大的婴儿都会对指向手势进行定向。虽然成人对食指指向的定向比对其他手形的定向更快,但手形是否会影响婴儿对指向的感知尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们使用眼动追踪器上的空间提示范式,研究成人和 12 个月大的婴儿是否以及在多大程度上将注意力集中在不同手形(食指、整只手和小指)的指向手势上。此外,我们还评估了婴儿及其父母的指点动作。结果显示,成人表现出可靠的提示效应:在所有手形下,对一致目标的囊状反应时间(SRTs)比对不一致目标的囊状反应时间(SRTs)短。但是,他们并没有表现出食指或其他手指引发的更大的提示效应。这与之前的研究结果相矛盾,我们将就研究方法上的差异进行讨论。婴儿只对整只手表现出提示效应,而对食指或小指则没有。目前的结果表明,婴儿在第一年对整个手形的指向性可能更强,而对食指的典型手形的社会交流相关性的调整可能要晚一些,或需要额外的社会交流线索。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing the effect of sibling number on input and output in the first 18 months 分析兄弟姐妹数量对头 18 个月投入和产出的影响。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12578
Catherine Laing, Elika Bergelson

Prior research suggests that across a wide range of cognitive, educational, and health-based measures, first-born children outperform their later-born peers. Expanding on this literature using naturalistic home-recorded data and parental vocabulary reports, we find that early language outcomes vary by number of siblings in a sample of 43 English-learning U.S. children from mid-to-high socioeconomic status homes. More specifically, we find that children in our sample with two or more—but not one—older siblings had smaller productive vocabularies at 18 months, and heard less input from caregivers across several measures than their peers with less than two siblings. We discuss implications regarding what infants experience and learn across a range of family sizes in infancy.

先前的研究表明,在认知、教育和健康等多方面的衡量标准中,头胎儿童的表现都优于晚生儿童。我们利用自然的家庭记录数据和父母的词汇报告对这些文献进行了扩展,发现在 43 个来自中高社会经济地位家庭的学习英语的美国儿童样本中,早期语言成果因兄弟姐妹的数量而异。更具体地说,我们发现在我们的样本中,有两个或两个以上(而不是一个)兄弟姐妹的儿童在 18 个月大时,其生产性词汇量较小,与兄弟姐妹少于两个的同龄儿童相比,他们从照顾者那里听到的输入较少。我们讨论了婴儿期在不同规模的家庭中经历和学习的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Developmental trajectories of picture-based object representations during the first year of life 出生后第一年以图片为基础的物体表征的发展轨迹。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12581
Jeanne L. Shinskey

Experience with an object's photograph changes 9-month-olds’ preference for the referent object, confirming they can represent objects from pictures. However, picture-based representations appear weaker than object-based representations. The current study's first objective was to investigate age differences in object recognition memory after familiarization with objects' pictures. The second objective was to test whether age differences in object permanence sensitivity with picture-based representations match those found with object-based representations, whereby 7-month-olds search more for familiar hidden objects but 11-month-olds search more for novel ones. Six- and 11-month-olds were familiarized with an object's photo and tested on their representation of the real object by comparing their reaching for it versus a novel object. Objects were visible under conditions testing recognition memory and hidden under conditions testing object permanence. Like 9-month-olds, 6- and 11-month-olds preferred novelty with visible objects, showing early object recognition after picture familiarization, as well as developmental continuity. Unlike 9-month-olds, who switched to preferring familiarity with hidden objects, 6- and 11-month-olds switched to null preference. This pattern fails to match 7- and 11-month-olds’ hidden-object preferences after familiarization with real objects, revealing discontinuity in sensitivity to object permanence after picture familiarization, and suggesting that picture-based representations are weaker than object-based ones.

9 个月大的幼儿对物体照片的体验会改变他们对参照物的偏好,这证明他们可以通过图片来表征物体。然而,基于图片的表征似乎弱于基于物体的表征。本研究的第一个目的是调查熟悉物体图片后物体识别记忆的年龄差异。第二个目的是测试基于图片表征的物体永久性敏感性的年龄差异是否与基于物体表征的年龄差异一致,即 7 个月大的幼儿更多搜索熟悉的隐藏物体,而 11 个月大的幼儿更多搜索新奇的物体。我们让 6 个月和 11 个月大的幼儿熟悉一个物体的照片,并通过比较他们伸手寻找真实物体和新物体的情况,测试他们对真实物体的表征。在测试识别记忆的条件下,物体是可见的,而在测试物体永久性的条件下,物体是隐藏的。与 9 个月大的幼儿一样,6 个月和 11 个月大的幼儿更喜欢可见物体的新奇感,这表明他们在熟悉图片后能较早地识别物体,而且其发展具有连续性。与 9 个月幼儿转而喜欢熟悉的隐藏物体不同,6 个月和 11 个月幼儿转而不喜欢。这种模式与 7 个月和 11 个月幼儿在熟悉真实物体后对隐藏物体的偏好不一致,揭示了幼儿在熟悉图片后对物体永久性敏感性的不连续性,并表明以图片为基础的表征比以物体为基础的表征弱。
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引用次数: 0
The role of local meaning in infants' fixations of natural scenes 局部意义在婴儿固定自然场景中的作用。
IF 2.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12582
Lisa M. Oakes, Taylor R. Hayes, Shannon M. Klotz, Katherine I. Pomaranski, John M. Henderson

As infants view visual scenes every day, they must shift their eye gaze and visual attention from location to location, sampling information to process and learn. Like adults, infants' gaze when viewing natural scenes (i.e., photographs of everyday scenes) is influenced by the physical features of the scene image and a general bias to look more centrally in a scene. However, it is unknown how infants' gaze while viewing such scenes is influenced by the semantic content of the scenes. Here, we tested the relative influence of local meaning, controlling for physical salience and center bias, on the eye gaze of 4- to 12-month-old infants (N = 92) as they viewed natural scenes. Overall, infants were more likely to fixate scene regions rated as higher in meaning, indicating that, like adults, the semantic content, or local meaning, of scenes influences where they look. More importantly, the effect of meaning on infant attention increased with age, providing the first evidence for an age-related increase in the impact of local meaning on infants' eye movements while viewing natural scenes.

婴儿每天都要观看视觉场景,他们必须将目光和视觉注意力从一个位置转移到另一个位置,抽取信息进行处理和学习。与成人一样,婴儿观看自然场景(即日常场景的照片)时的注视也会受到场景图像物理特征的影响,而且一般会偏向于看场景的中心位置。然而,婴儿观看此类场景时的注视如何受到场景语义内容的影响,目前尚不得而知。在此,我们测试了局部意义对 4 至 12 个月大婴儿(92 人)观看自然场景时眼睛注视的相对影响,同时控制了物理显著性和中心偏向。总体而言,婴儿更倾向于定格在意义较高的场景区域,这表明与成人一样,场景的语义内容或局部意义会影响他们的视线。更重要的是,意义对婴儿注意力的影响会随着年龄的增长而增加,这首次证明了在观看自然场景时,局部意义对婴儿眼球运动的影响会随着年龄的增长而增加。
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引用次数: 0
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Infancy
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