Poetics最新文献 - Book学术

Designed for success or failure: Differences in funding and rejection in the space of applications to the Danish Art Foundation among craftsmen and designers

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101959

Sebastian Diemer Mørk , Anton Grau Larsen

Craft and design are art forms that teeter on the boundary of being considered art. Because of this, these mediums are an ideal case to examine how the Danish Art Foundation funds these arts and what this says about the distinction of the arts in a Danish context. This article analyses 1898 full-text applications for funding - both the ones that have been awarded funding and the ones that have been rejected - of craftsmen and designers from a five-year range. The applications are analysed with hierarchical Stochastic Block Modelling and Class Specific Correspondence Analysis to reduce the complexity of the data. Using these methods, the structures of both the overall meta-field and the discipline-specific subfields become apparent, and so do the different degrees of homologies and heterologies between subfields and the meta-field and the field of art. Exemplified by four subfields, we identify four different types of homology/heterology: a full homology, a secondary homology, a heterologous artistic pole, and a full heterology. That some subfields of craft and design are homologous to the field of art while others are heterologous exemplifies the process of artification from an institutional perspective. The criteria for being considered artistic varies from subfield to subfield, with some having homologous structures to the art field, while others show a clear heterologous structure, highlighting that subfields can be autonomous from a common meta-field. Some subfields are, however, neither fully homologous nor heterologous but exhibit a mix of both logics. This article hopes to add to the discussion of methods for determining field autonomy and what fields can be autonomous from.

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引用次数: 0

Divergences and convergences across European musical preferences: How taste varies within and between countries

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101946

Laurie Hanquinet , Mark Taylor

When investigating relational structures in culture, research in Europe has often either mapped the relationship between cultural tastes in a particular context, or mapped differences in cultural tastes (measured consistently) in different countries, without assessing how these differences can vary across them. Indeed, the idea of national homology (namely that the structures of cultural capital would be fairly similar in nations across Europe) has never been really tested, probably due to a lack of cross-national research on cultural preferences. Using data from the EUCROSS survey that took place in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and the UK (2012–2013, n = 6016), we first use multiple correspondence analysis to estimate the relationships between a set of items on musical tastes. We then extend this through the use of class-specific analysis, to investigate how these relationships vary in each of the six countries. Finally, we analyse the relationships between the underlying dimensions of music tastes and different components of cosmopolitanism, compared with key demographic variables. We show that the musical field significantly varies across the nations represented in the survey, demonstrating that musical preferences remain largely anchored in national contexts. Cultural preferences are shaped by historical and social dynamics specific to each country, with significant variations in the symbolic value and demographic associations of music genres.

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引用次数: 0

Mapping knowledge: Topic analysis of science locates researchers in disciplinary landscape 绘制知识图谱：科学主题分析将研究人员定位在学科景观中

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101950

Radim Hladík , Yann Renisio

The study presents a new approach for constructing an epistemological coordinate system that locates individual researchers within the disciplinary landscape of science. Drawing on a comprehensive national dataset of scientific outputs, we build a topic model based on a semantic network of publications and terms derived from textual content comprising titles, abstracts, and keywords. Compositional data transformation applied to the topic model enables a geometric analysis of topics across disciplines. The design yields four important results for addressing the gap between knowledge and knowledge-producers. (1) Hierarchical clustering confirms an alignment between traditional disciplinary classification and our empirical, bottom-up topic model. (2) Principal component analysis reveals three axes – Culture–Nature, Life–Non-life, and Materials–Methods – that primarily structure this scientific knowledge space. (3) The projection of individual researchers via their topic portfolios allows to locate them relationally on these three continuous measures of epistemological distinctions. (4) The robustness of our approach is validated by examining the links between researchers’ topic orientation and supplementary variables such as publication practices, gender, institutional affiliations, and funding sources. Our method could inform science policy and evaluation practices, as well as be extended to uncover associations between products and producers in other cultural fields.

本研究提出了一种构建认识论坐标系的新方法，该坐标系将研究人员个人定位在科学的学科景观中。我们利用一个全面的国家科学成果数据集，建立了一个基于出版物语义网络的主题模型，以及从包括标题、摘要和关键词在内的文本内容中提取的术语。将合成数据转换应用于主题模型，可以对跨学科的主题进行几何分析。该设计产生了四项重要成果，以解决知识与知识生产者之间的差距。(1) 层次聚类证实了传统学科分类与我们自下而上的经验性主题模型之间的一致性。(2) 主成分分析显示，文化-自然、生命-非生命和材料-方法这三条轴线是科学知识空间的主要结构。(3) 通过专题组合对研究人员个体进行投射，可以在这三个连续的认识论区分尺度上对研究人员进行相关定位。(4) 通过研究研究人员的课题取向与出版实践、性别、所属机构和资金来源等补充变量之间的联系，我们的方法的稳健性得到了验证。我们的方法可以为科学政策和评估实践提供参考，也可以扩展到其他文化领域，揭示产品与生产者之间的关联。

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引用次数: 0

Does culture improve affective well-being in everyday life? An experimental sampling approach 文化能改善日常生活中的情感幸福吗？实验取样法

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101948

Marc Verboord , Larissa Fritsch , Neta Yodovich , Alysa Karels , Lucas Page Pereira , Eva Myrczik

This research note studies how cultural participation impacts affective well-being in everyday life by taking a novel methodological approach via Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM). The potential for culture to improve the well-being of citizens has been a long-running subject of study. Through participation in cultural activities, individuals would gain experiences that foster feelings of liberation, engagement and confidence which are translated into positive emotions. However, existing studies have limitations, such as lacking the possibility to establish causal relationships or being limited to laboratory settings and specific cases. To increase our understanding of how cultural participation affects affective well-being, we use ESM. This is a diary survey type which allows researchers to examine what people do, feel, and think during their daily life. More than 270 respondents filled out up to 28 mini-questionnaires during a week. This created a semi-experimental design in which feelings can be compared between moments following participation and no participation. The results show significant positive impact of participation on well-being, controlled for where individuals are and with whom, as well as social background characteristics.

本研究报告通过经验取样法（ESM）这一新颖的方法论研究文化参与如何影响日常生活中的情感幸福。文化改善公民福祉的潜力一直是一个长期研究的课题。通过参与文化活动，个人可以获得促进解放感、参与感和自信心的体验，并将其转化为积极的情绪。然而，现有的研究有其局限性，比如无法建立因果关系，或仅限于实验室环境和特定案例。为了加深我们对文化参与如何影响情感幸福的理解，我们使用了 ESM。这是一种日记调查类型，研究人员可以通过它来考察人们在日常生活中的所作所为、感受和想法。270 多名受访者在一周内填写了多达 28 份小型问卷。这样就形成了一种半实验设计，可以比较参与和不参与后的感受。结果显示，参与对幸福感有明显的积极影响，并与个人所在位置、与谁在一起以及社会背景特征进行了对照。

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引用次数: 0

Stratification of educational quality judgments: Insights from two factorial survey experiments on socioeconomic differences in student and parent evaluations 教育质量判断的分层：关于学生和家长评价中社会经济差异的两个因子调查实验的启示

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101951

Francisco Olivos

The use that agents do of cultural knowledge to navigate institutions is a major explanation of inequalities. Nevertheless, the difficulties accessing culture knowledge have led sociologists of education to often rely on declarative forms of culture to gauge explanations on inequalities. Based on the case of Chile, this study contributes to educational inequality research by using factorial survey experiments to assess the stratification of evaluative principles of educational quality or what is termed "judgments of the game." Different teaching and school resources features were experimentally manipulated and presented to representative and probabilistic samples of parents and primary school students to measure their evaluative principles of educational quality. Findings show that socially advantaged parents and students, and from private schools, tend to evaluate educational quality more critically and attribute stronger effects to vignette features, suggesting cultural knowledge stratification. Thus, this study contributes to cultural sociology, sociology of education, and stratification research by testing one of the central theoretical propositions on the explanations of educational inequalities.

行为主体利用文化知识来驾驭制度是对不平等现象的一个重要解释。然而，由于难以获得文化知识，教育社会学家往往依赖文化的陈述形式来衡量对不平等现象的解释。本研究以智利为例，利用因子调查实验来评估教育质量评价原则或所谓的 "游戏判断 "的分层情况，从而为教育不平等研究做出贡献。通过实验操纵不同的教学和学校资源特征，并将其呈现给具有代表性和概率性的家长和小学生样本，以衡量他们对教育质量的评价原则。研究结果表明，社会地位较高的家长和学生以及来自私立学校的家长和学生倾向于对教育质量进行更严格的评价，并将更强的效果归因于小故事的特征，这表明了文化知识的分层。因此，本研究通过检验关于教育不平等解释的核心理论命题之一，为文化社会学、教育社会学和分层研究做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of ambiguity and aesthetic impressions in haiku poetry between experts and novices 比较专家和新手俳句诗中的歧义和审美印象

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101944

Jimpei Hitsuwari , Michio Nomura

Haiku, the world's shortest form of poetry, has usually been deemed ambiguous owing to its length. However, studies have shown that ambiguity lowers the aesthetic evaluation of a haiku, which contradicts the belief that ambiguity is a characteristic of both the haiku and art in general. One reason for this contradiction may be the interaction with the readers’ attributes, in particular, their expertise—a theme considered important in the field of aesthetic psychology. Therefore, in this study, we had 20 experts and 20 novices evaluate 20 low- and 20 high-ambiguity haikus, which another group of novices had evaluated and distinguished in the pilot study. The results revealed that the novices exhibited a lower liking for high-ambiguity haikus, whereas the experts demonstrated the same degree of liking for both high- and low-ambiguity haikus. Additionally, the experts had lower perceived ambiguity for high-ambiguity haikus than novices. This suggests a higher degree of liking for ambiguous haikus than novices because they were able to process them more fluently based on their knowledge and experiences. Furthermore, interest mediated the relationship between perceived ambiguity and liking among experts only. In sum, the experts appreciated ambiguous haikus in different ways compared to the novices. The results have implications for the psychology and cognitive science of aesthetics and art, where ambiguity is important, as well as for expertise in school education, where haiku is part of the curriculum.

俳句是世界上最短的诗歌形式，由于篇幅较长，通常被认为是模棱两可的。然而，研究表明，模糊性会降低对俳句的审美评价，这与 "模糊性是俳句和一般艺术的特点 "这一观点相矛盾。造成这种矛盾的原因之一可能是与读者属性的相互作用，特别是他们的专业知识--一个在审美心理学领域被认为很重要的主题。因此，在本研究中，我们让 20 位专家和 20 位新手分别对 20 首低模糊性和 20 首高模糊性俳句进行评价。结果显示，新手对高歧义俳句的喜爱程度较低，而专家对高歧义和低歧义俳句的喜爱程度相同。此外，专家对高模糊性俳句的感知模糊度也低于新手。这表明，专家比新手更喜欢模棱两可的俳句，因为他们能够根据自己的知识和经验更流畅地处理这些俳句。此外，兴趣只对专家感知到的歧义与喜欢之间的关系起中介作用。总之，与新手相比，专家对模棱两可的俳句有不同的欣赏方式。研究结果对美学和艺术的心理学和认知科学（模糊性在美学和艺术中非常重要）以及学校教育的专业知识（俳句是学校课程的一部分）都有意义。

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引用次数: 0

Homologies in fields of cultural production. Evidence from the European scientific field 文化生产领域的同源性。欧洲科学领域的证据

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101945

Pierre Benz , Kristoffer Kropp , Trine Cosmus Nobel , Thierry Rossier

This article suggests a comparative field analytical approach to fields of cultural production. Combining concepts from field analysis and focusing on homology with topic modeling and multiple correspondence analysis, we compare four scientific disciplines and show homological structures along both internal and external principles of differentiation. The empirical analysis suggests that despite major differences between the four disciplines (biology, chemistry, economics, and sociology), they are structured along similar principles. Moreover, cognitive distinctions in certain disciplines can be correlated with institutional properties and symbolic hierarchies. Despite the similarities, the analysis also shows important differences between the four disciplines related to internal organization and their relations to both other scientific disciplines and the field of power. The article shows how topic modeling and multiple correspondence analysis can cross-fertilize to understand how fields of cultural production differentiate and how cultural practices (here scientific knowledge production) relate to social structures (here academic hierarchies and prestige). The method hence allows for comparison between fields of cultural production while retaining a nuanced analysis of specific fields and the practices that constitute them.

本文提出了一种文化生产领域的比较领域分析方法。结合领域分析的概念，以同源性为重点，通过主题建模和多重对应分析，我们对四个科学学科进行了比较，并按照内部和外部的区分原则展示了同源性结构。实证分析表明，尽管四个学科（生物学、化学、经济学和社会学）之间存在重大差异，但它们的结构原理相似。此外，某些学科中的认知差异可以与制度属性和符号等级相关联。尽管有相似之处，但分析也显示出这四个学科在内部组织及其与其他科学学科和权力领域的关系方面存在重要差异。文章展示了主题建模和多重对应分析如何相互促进，以了解文化生产领域的差异，以及文化实践（此处为科学知识生产）与社会结构（此处为学术等级和声望）之间的关系。因此，该方法既能对不同文化生产领域进行比较，又能对特定领域和构成这些领域的实践进行细致入微的分析。

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引用次数: 0

The costliest signals of authenticity? How iconic deaths transform audience reception in hip-hop 最昂贵的真实性信号？标志性死亡如何改变嘻哈音乐的观众接受度

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101943

Xiangyu Ma

The death of an artist can act as a costly signal of their authenticity, and cause enduring changes in audience valuations of their work. Drawing on novel digital trace data of audience evaluations from a major online music community, we show how the death of an hip-hop artist induces improvements to the valuations of their antemortem work. Such death-induced changes to audience valuations are mediated by the ability of some deaths – what we term iconic deaths – to act as costly signals of an artist’s authenticity. Iconic deaths that better signal authenticity produce greater death-induced improvements in audience valuations. Such costly signaling effects are more salient within discredited subgenres of hip-hop. We show how this is robust to complementary explanations, such as sympathetic eulogizing or audience expansion effects.

艺术家的死亡可以作为其真实性的一个代价高昂的信号，并引起受众对其作品评价的持久变化。我们利用来自一个大型在线音乐社区的受众评价的新颖数字跟踪数据，展示了嘻哈歌手的死亡是如何促使其生前作品的价值得到提高的。这种由死亡引起的受众评价变化是由某些死亡--我们称之为标志性死亡--作为艺术家真实性的代价高昂的信号的能力所促成的。标志性死亡如果能更好地传递真实性信号，就能更大程度地提高死亡对观众价值的影响。这种代价高昂的信号效应在声誉扫地的嘻哈次流派中更为突出。我们展示了这一现象是如何被补充解释的，如同情讴歌或受众扩展效应。

引用次数: 0

Mapping epistemic pluralism: A network analysis of discursive practices in communities promoting refused knowledge about healthcare and wellbeing 映射认识论多元化：对推广被拒绝的医疗保健和福祉知识的社区中的话语实践进行网络分析

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101929

Marco Serino, Ilenia Picardi, Giancarlo Ragozini

This article presents an analysis of discourses performed in communities that share and disseminate knowledge refused by institutional science. The study focuses on an online community concerned with alkaline water, food, and lifestyle, aiming at understanding how promoters of refused knowledge in this community enrol other forms of knowledge, including science. Theoretically, this work is framed in Science & Technology Studies, and in the tradition of actor-network theory, situating itself in a recent turn that takes epistemic instability and pluralism into due consideration, thus overcoming opaque views of the opposition between science and non-science. Empirically, this fine-grained analytic purpose is addressed by a mixed-method strategy in which discursive practices are observed through a web-ethnography conducted between January 2020 and December 2021 on the relevant online spaces and then analysed qualitatively and quantitively by means of formal techniques. Relying on the tools of social network analysis, the discursive space of the community under study is formalised as a two-mode network of knowledge claims and heterogeneous actors enrolled in discourse to sustain those claims. Then, community detection is performed to map the different assemblages of claims and actors and the relevant repertoires characterising those assemblages. Finally, multiple correspondence analysis applied to two-mode networks is used to highlight the dimensions of concern and meaning expressed in the knowledge organisation of this community.

本文分析了在分享和传播被机构科学拒绝的知识的社区中所进行的论述。研究重点是一个关注碱性水、食品和生活方式的在线社区，旨在了解该社区中被拒绝知识的推广者是如何吸收其他形式的知识（包括科学）的。从理论上讲，这项研究以科学与技术研究（Science & Technology Studies）和行动者网络理论（actor-network theory）为框架，将自己置于最近的一个转折点上，即适当考虑认识论的不稳定性和多元化，从而克服科学与非科学之间对立的不透明观点。2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月期间，通过对相关网络空间进行网络人种学调查，对话语实践进行观察，然后通过正式技术对其进行定性和定量分析。借助社会网络分析工具，所研究社区的话语空间被形式化为由知识主张和参与话语以维持这些主张的异质行动者组成的双模网络。然后，进行社群检测，以绘制不同主张和参与者的组合图，以及这些组合图的相关语汇特征。最后，将多重对应分析应用于双模式网络，以突出该社区知识组织中所表达的关注和意义。

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引用次数: 0

Digital media revolution and stratificational inertia: A historical study of media usage and sociopolitical stratification in the age of social media 数字媒体革命与分层惯性：社交媒体时代媒体使用与社会政治分层的历史研究

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101942

Majsa Stina Grosen , Morten Fischer Sivertsen , Jannie Møller Hartley

Very few studies have deployed a historical focus in investigating how changes in the media environment in the twenty-first century have altered the connection between cross-media consumption, political (dis)interest, and dimensions of social stratification. This paper contributes to the literature on the nexus between democracy, citizens, and media through a historical study of media use among Danish citizens from 2008, which we argue should be considered the beginning of the social media era in the Danish context, to 2021, when social media was popularised among the wider Danish population. Based on three representative surveys on Danish adults’ media consumption in 2008, 2017, and 2021, we deployed multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to investigate two related inquiries: first, a study of differentiation in cross-media consumption and, second, an examination of how such differentiation patterns are linked to social and political divides. This study contributes in two ways. First, it contributes to the methodological advancement of multiple correspondence analysis by addressing the challenge of conducting a cross-sectional design with changing variables and individuals. It accomplishes this discussing a recent approach centered on the formation of triads of variables. Second, it analytically shows that despite major changes in the media environment between 2008 and 2021, media use is consistently structured according to divisions, first in online and traditional media use and, second, between high levels of news consumption (as opposed to entertainment consumption) and news avoidance. These lines of division are consistently differentiated by age, social inequalities, and political orientation.

很少有研究以历史为重点，调查 21 世纪媒体环境的变化如何改变了跨媒体消费、政治（不）兴趣和社会分层之间的联系。我们认为，2008 年是丹麦社交媒体时代的开端，而 2021 年则是社交媒体在更广泛的丹麦人口中得到普及的时期，本文通过对 2008 年至 2021 年丹麦公民的媒体使用情况进行历史研究，为有关民主、公民和媒体之间关系的文献做出贡献。基于 2008 年、2017 年和 2021 年三次具有代表性的丹麦成年人媒体消费调查，我们采用多重对应分析法（MCA）研究了两个相关问题：第一，跨媒体消费的差异化研究；第二，研究这种差异化模式如何与社会和政治分歧相关联。本研究有两方面的贡献。首先，它解决了在变量和个体不断变化的情况下进行横截面设计所面临的挑战，从而推动了多重对应分析方法的发展。为此，本研究讨论了一种以变量三元组的形成为中心的最新方法。其次，它通过分析表明，尽管 2008 年至 2021 年间媒体环境发生了重大变化，但媒体使用的结构始终保持分化，首先是网络媒体和传统媒体的使用，其次是高水平新闻消费（相对于娱乐消费）和新闻回避之间的分化。这些分界线始终按年龄、社会不平等和政治取向进行区分。

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引用次数: 0