Poetics最新文献_第5页

Age and cultural differences in the relationship between reading and theory of mind 年龄和文化差异对阅读与心理理论的影响

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2025.101984

Louise H. Phillips , Louisa Lawrie , Zuzana Suchomelova , Sara Heinämaa , Amy O'Dwyer , Min Hooi Yong

Numerous studies have shown a positive relationship between reading fiction and Theory of Mind (ToM) in children and young adults. However, there is little evidence to evaluate how reading habits relate to ToM in older adults. Also, nearly all studies exploring this topic have focused only on Western participants. In the current study of 229 participants, we tested whether age groups (young vs older adults) and cultural groups (British vs Malaysian adults) differ in their reading habits, and how reading habits related to socio-affective and cognitive ToM. We investigated both fiction and non-fiction reading habits. Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between fiction reading and socio-affective ToM across the whole sample. Associations between reading more fiction and ToM differed depending on the age group and cultural background of participants: only in the older Malaysian group was this correlation significant. Relationships between non-fiction reading and ToM were also positive in older Malaysians, but negative in older British adults. These results indicate that age and cultural groups differ in the relationship between reading habits and the ability to understand others’ mental states, and highlights the need for future research to consider diverse samples and more detailed analysis of reading habits.

大量研究表明，阅读小说与儿童和青少年的心理理论（ToM）之间存在正相关关系。然而，几乎没有证据可以评估老年人的阅读习惯与ToM之间的关系。此外，几乎所有探索这一主题的研究都只关注西方参与者。在目前对229名参与者的研究中，我们测试了年龄群体（年轻人与老年人）和文化群体（英国成年人与马来西亚成年人）在阅读习惯上是否存在差异，以及阅读习惯与社会情感和认知汤姆的关系。我们调查了小说和非小说的阅读习惯。我们的研究结果表明，在整个样本中，小说阅读与社会情感汤姆之间存在正相关关系。阅读更多小说和ToM之间的关联因参与者的年龄和文化背景而异：只有在年长的马来西亚人组中，这种关联才显着。非小说类阅读与ToM之间的关系在马来西亚老年人中也呈正相关，但在英国老年人中呈负相关。这些结果表明，年龄和文化群体在阅读习惯与理解他人心理状态能力之间的关系上存在差异，并强调了未来研究需要考虑不同样本和更详细的阅读习惯分析。

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引用次数: 0

Who are social critics: The effects of directors’ status and reputation on the choice of social problem films in the Korean film industry 谁是社会评论家：导演的地位和声誉对韩国电影社会问题电影选择的影响

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2025.101983

Dongyoub Shin , Bo Kyung Kim , Hongseok Oh , Sunhyuk Kim

The South Korean film industry is known for its prevalence of social problem films (SPFs), a genre that focuses on societal issues and injustices as its main themes. This study examines which structural characteristics of directors make them play the role of social critics by choosing SPFs, contributing to its prevalence in Korea. Specifically, we focus on the stability difference between status and reputation and examine how the status and reputation of directors differently affected their decisions to choose SPFs. Through in-depth interviews and empirical analysis of Korean films from 1994 to 2017, we found support for our hypotheses that both a director's status and artistic reputation had positive impacts on the choice of SPFs, but through different mechanisms: meeting role expectations and reaffirming their reputation, respectively. We further observed that due to the temporal instability of artistic reputation, it interacted differently with the field-level taken-for-grantedness of SPFs and with the individual-level director's genre-specific past experiences in SPFs. However, we did not find any significant interactions between these factors and status, highlighting the stability of status.

韩国电影行业以其流行的社会问题电影（SPFs）而闻名，这是一种以社会问题和不公正为主题的类型。本研究考察了导演的哪些结构特征使他们通过选择spf来扮演社会评论家的角色，从而促进了其在韩国的流行。具体而言，我们关注地位和声誉之间的稳定性差异，并研究董事的地位和声誉如何不同地影响他们选择spf的决策。通过对1994年至2017年韩国电影的深度访谈和实证分析，我们发现导演的地位和艺术声誉都对spf的选择有积极影响，但分别通过满足角色期望和重申其声誉的不同机制来支持我们的假设。我们进一步观察到，由于艺术声誉的时间不稳定性，它与SPFs的领域层面的理所当然性以及个人层面导演在SPFs中特定类型的过去经验之间的相互作用是不同的。然而，我们没有发现这些因素与地位之间有任何显著的相互作用，突出了地位的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring movement in cultural landscapes 测量文化景观中的运动

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101965

Nicolas Restrepo Ochoa , Turgut Keskintürk

Culture is often conceptualized as a landscape, where the peaks represent popular beliefs, institutions or practices, while the valleys represent those that receive infrequent attention. In this article, we build on this metaphor, and explore how individuals navigate these cultural landscapes. Using longitudinal data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, we follow participants' survey response trajectories across three cultural domains, each with particular topographical features. We show that movement across cultural landscapes is adequately captured by a gravitational model of change, which specifies transition probabilities among cultural positions as a function of the distance between them and how populated they are. Nonetheless, the kind of movement that such a gravitational model would predict varies widely depending on the initial topography of the landscape. Our work highlights that charting landscapes is not only useful cartography, but also an analytical tool that helps us understand the kind of cultural trajectories we should expect individuals to follow.

文化通常被概念化为一种景观，其中高峰代表流行的信仰、制度或实践，而山谷则代表那些不经常受到关注的东西。在本文中，我们以这个比喻为基础，探讨个人如何驾驭这些文化景观。利用国家青年与宗教研究的纵向数据，我们跟踪了参与者在三个文化领域的调查反应轨迹，每个文化领域都有特定的地形特征。我们表明，跨文化景观的运动可以通过变化的引力模型充分捕捉到，该模型指定了文化位置之间的转移概率，作为它们之间距离和它们的人口数量的函数。尽管如此，这种引力模型所预测的运动类型根据地形的初始地形而有很大的不同。我们的工作强调，绘制景观不仅是有用的制图，而且是一种分析工具，可以帮助我们了解我们应该期望个人遵循的文化轨迹。

引用次数: 0

Careers in the global art field: Geo-capital and globalizer venues in the consecration of Central-Eastern European artists 在全球艺术领域的职业生涯：中欧和东欧艺术家奉献的地缘资本和全球化场所

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101961

Júlia Perczel, Balazs Vedres

In our contemporary art field global institutional networks offer novel strategies for peripheral artists in their struggle for global recognition, bypassing the necessity of maximizing presence in the territorial core. We address the puzzle of how such novel artistic strategies bypassing core gatekeepers can succeed. In this article we analyze the way artists from Central-Eastern Europe strive for consecration via acquisition by the pinnacle museums – Tate Modern, Centre Pompidou and the MoMA – between 1990 and 2018. Our analysis is based on more than hundred thousand exhibition events of about 3500 artists, held at nearly ten thousand venues in 112 countries. We focus on network topology of co-exhibiting relations of venues and artists. We introduce two key concepts to understand success in the multiscalar global art field: geo-capital and the globalizer position. Geo-capital measures the territorial balance of a venue's topological neighbours, capturing a capacity to span boundaries, while the globalizer position marks those venues that can provide artists with global visibility against the territorial core-periphery spectrum on topological grounds. We show that a strategy built on venues in the globalizer position improves the likelihood of consecration more than any other factors. We contribute to prior research by showing the functioning of a relational form of territoriality, that relies on global networks, and provides a mechanism through which global institutional networks can function in relative vertical autonomy within the multiscalar global art field.

在我们的当代艺术领域，全球机构网络为边缘艺术家争取全球认可提供了新的策略，绕过了在地域核心最大化存在的必要性。我们要解决的难题是，这种新颖的艺术策略如何绕过核心把关人取得成功。在本文中，我们分析了1990年至2018年间，中东欧艺术家通过收购顶级博物馆——泰特现代美术馆、蓬皮杜艺术中心和现代艺术博物馆——来争取奉献的方式。我们的分析是基于在112个国家的近一万个场地举办的约3500名艺术家的10多万场展览活动。我们关注的是场馆和艺术家共同参展关系的网络拓扑。我们将引入两个关键概念来理解在多尺度全球艺术领域的成功：地缘资本和全球化者地位。地理资本衡量场地拓扑邻居的地域平衡，捕捉跨越边界的能力，而全球化位置标志着那些可以在拓扑基础上为艺术家提供全球可见性的场地，而不是地域核心-外围频谱。我们表明，建立在全球化位置的场地的战略比任何其他因素都更能提高奉献的可能性。我们通过展示一种依赖于全球网络的关系形式的领土功能，并提供了一种机制，通过这种机制，全球机构网络可以在多标量全球艺术领域内以相对垂直的自治方式发挥作用，从而为先前的研究做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating geometric data analysis and network analysis by iterative reciprocal mapping. The example of the German field of sociology 利用迭代互反映射将几何数据分析与网络分析相结合。德国社会学领域的例子

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101947

Andreas Schmitz , Christian Schmidt-Wellenburg , Jonas Volle

This paper presents an iterative procedure for reconstructing a scientific field by relating two relational methods. The procedure involves using geometric data analysis and network analysis in several steps. Blocks from block model analysis are projected into a space constructed by MCA, considered as subspaces using CSA, and subsequently inspected with regard to their manifest interaction structures. The findings allow us to examine the overall structure of a scientific field vis-à-vis the relative autonomies and eigenstructures of its subspaces and the homology-heterology relations they show to each other and the main space, thus providing a more differentiated view of the interplay of social spaces and networks.

本文提出了一种将两种相关方法结合起来进行科学场重建的迭代过程。该过程涉及到使用几何数据分析和网络分析的几个步骤。块模型分析中的块被投影到由MCA构建的空间中，使用CSA将其视为子空间，并随后检查其明显的相互作用结构。这些发现使我们能够通过-à-vis考察科学领域的整体结构，其子空间的相对自主性和特征结构，以及它们相互之间和主空间之间的同质-异质关系，从而为社会空间和网络的相互作用提供更有区别的观点。

引用次数: 0

The problem of socio-territorial inequality in cultural policies: Unveiling policy frames through Barcelona policies (2019–2023) 文化政策中的社会-地域不平等问题：通过巴塞罗那政策揭示政策框架（2019-2023）

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101963

Mariano Martín Zamorano Barrios , Nicolás Barbieri Muttis

This article examines how cultural policy frames embody and shape inequalities in cultural participation within urban settings. It explores both historical and contemporary policy frames, scrutinizing various approaches to cultural democratization and intersectional equity. From this perspective, we study how the cultural policies advanced by the Barcelona City Council framed inequalities in urban cultural participation and access to culture. The research employs thematic analysis of Barcelona's cultural policy documents and relevant stakeholder interviews to evaluate these frames' problem definition, prognosis, and collective action components. On this basis, the article identifies three main policy frames: constitutive, participatory, and intersectional, which are contrasted with policies implemented in the city from 2019 to 2023, including both pre- and post-COVID-19. The results reveal that although the local administration's policy frame broadly aligns with strategies and narratives of multidimensional participation and pro-intersectional equity frames, it also embeds tensions within and between specific social stratification and constitutive components of cultural policy design.

本文探讨了文化政策框架如何体现和塑造城市环境中文化参与的不平等。它探讨了历史和当代的政策框架，审视了文化民主化和交叉公平的各种方法。从这个角度出发，我们研究了巴塞罗那市议会提出的文化政策是如何在城市文化参与和文化获取方面形成不平等的。本研究采用巴塞罗那文化政策文件的专题分析和相关利益相关者访谈来评估这些框架的问题定义、预测和集体行动组成部分。在此基础上，本文确定了三个主要政策框架：构成性、参与性和交叉性，并将其与2019年至2023年（包括covid -19之前和之后）在该市实施的政策进行了对比。研究结果表明，尽管地方政府的政策框架与多维参与的战略和叙事以及支持交叉的公平框架大致一致，但它也在特定的社会分层和文化政策设计的构成要素之间嵌入了紧张关系。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond statistical variables: Examining the duality of persons and groups in structuring cultural space 超越统计变量：检视文化空间建构中个人与群体的二元性

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101967

Yongren Shi , Kevin Kiley , Freda B. Lynn

Socially constructed categories are central to sociological investigation, but their use in empirical research on culture is often limited to a role as explanatory variables in regression designs comparing differences in groups means. We argue that categories can and do structure cultural space on multiple dimensions simultaneously, and that the cohesiveness of culture within categories is under-explored in existing work. Drawing on insights from the “duality of persons and groups” and the “duality of persons and culture,” we develop the concept of Cultural Blau Space as a general tool for exploring cultural consensus. Cultural Blau Space is a multi-dimensional space defined by many measures of personal culture and individuals are positioned within this space based on the similarity of their cultural profiles. We then explore how social groups structure a cultural space defined by political and social attitudes in two ways: within-group homogeneity and cross-group fragmentation. We find that partisan identification and educational attainment play a larger role in structuring this cultural space than ascribed characteristics such as gender, with the former increasing in homogeneity and fragmentation in recent years.

社会建构的类别是社会学研究的核心，但它们在文化实证研究中的应用往往仅限于在比较群体手段差异的回归设计中作为解释变量的作用。我们认为，类别可以同时在多个维度上构建文化空间，并且在现有的工作中，文化在类别内的凝聚力尚未得到充分的探索。借鉴“人与群体的二元性”和“人与文化的二元性”的见解，我们发展了文化布劳空间的概念，作为探索文化共识的通用工具。文化布劳空间是一个由许多个人文化指标定义的多维空间，个人基于其文化概况的相似性被定位在这个空间中。然后，我们探讨了社会群体如何以两种方式构建由政治和社会态度定义的文化空间：群体内同质性和群体间碎片化。我们发现，党派认同和受教育程度在构建这一文化空间方面比性别等特征发挥更大的作用，近年来，前者的同质性和碎片化程度越来越高。

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引用次数: 0

The curious transformation of “Critical Race Theory” to “CRT”: The role of election campaigns in American culture wars 从“批判种族理论”到“CRT”的奇特转变：竞选活动在美国文化战争中的作用

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101964

Yagmur Karakaya , Penny Edgell

Critical Race Theory has become the latest signifier in the American culture wars, polarizing people across the political spectrum. In this paper, using the Virginia Governor's race as a case study, we ask how a political campaign helped transform Critical Race Theory from an academic theory to an emotionally charged political acronym – “CRT” – thus becoming a symbol evoking, crystalizing, and politicizing moral emotions. We demonstrate how transformative surprises occur in the unfolding performance of public culture: moments when obscure ideas or cultural objects migrate to the center of public discourse and media coverage. Drawing on performance theory, we show how Youngkin successfully “fused” his anti-CRT message with long-standing American cultural ideals to evoke powerful emotional responses. Specifically, Youngkin effectively portrayed his campaign as a grassroots movement of parents protecting children's innocence, the nuclear family, and democracy itself. Simultaneously, Youngkin characterized his opponent, Democrat Terry McAuliffe, as a self-interested career politician and CRT as a divisive, backward political ideology. By tracing these processes, this study provides novel insight into the moral turn in American discourse about race by demonstrating how White racial anxieties manifest in a moral panic about (white) children's endangered innocence. Centrally, we demonstrate the powerful, yet neglected, role of audience emotions in social performances.

批判种族理论已经成为美国文化战争的最新标志，使人们在政治光谱上两极分化。在本文中，我们以维吉尼亚州州长竞选为例，探讨了一场政治运动是如何帮助批判种族理论从一个学术理论转变为一个充满情感的政治缩写词——“CRT”——从而成为一个唤起、具体化和政治化道德情感的象征。我们展示了变革性的惊喜是如何在公共文化的展现中发生的：当模糊的思想或文化对象迁移到公共话语和媒体报道的中心时。根据表演理论，我们展示了扬金如何成功地将他的反crt信息与长期存在的美国文化理想“融合”起来，以唤起强烈的情感反应。具体来说，扬金有效地将他的运动描绘成一场草根运动，父母保护孩子的纯真、核心家庭和民主本身。同时，扬金把他的对手、民主党人特里·麦考利夫（Terry McAuliffe）描述为一个自私自利的职业政治家，把CRT描述为一种分裂的、落后的政治意识形态。通过追踪这些过程，本研究通过展示白人种族焦虑如何表现为对（白人）儿童濒临灭绝的纯真的道德恐慌，为美国关于种族的话语中的道德转向提供了新的见解。我们主要展示了观众情感在社会表演中强大而又被忽视的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Synthetic duality: A framework for analyzing generative artificial intelligence's representation of social reality 合成二元性：分析生成式人工智能对社会现实表现的框架

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2024.101966

Daniel Karell , Jeffrey Sachs , Ryan Barrett

The development of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has caused concern about its potential risks, including how its ability to generate human-like texts could affect our shared perception of the social world. Yet, it remains unclear how best to assess and understand genAI's influence on our understanding of social reality. Building on insights into the representation of social worlds within texts, we introduce a framework for analyzing genAI's content and its consequences for perceptions of social reality. We demonstrate this “synthetic duality” framework in two parts. First, we show that genAI can create, with minimal guidance, reasonable portrayals of actors and ascribe relational meaning to those actors – virtual social worlds within texts, or “Mondo-Breigers”. Second, we examine how these synthetic documents with interior social worlds affect readers’ view of social reality. We find that they change individuals’ perceptions of actors depicted in the documents, likely by updating individuals’ expectations about the actors and their meanings. However, additional exploratory analyses suggest it is texts’ style, not their construction of “Mondo-Breigers”, that might be influencing people's perceptions. We end with a discussion of theoretical and methodological implications, including how genAI may unsettle structural notions of individuality. Namely, reimagining the duality of individuals and groups could help theorize growing homogeneity in an increasingly genAI-informed world.

生成式人工智能（genAI）的发展引发了人们对其潜在风险的担忧，包括其生成类人文本的能力如何影响我们对社会世界的共同感知。然而，目前尚不清楚如何最好地评估和理解基因对我们理解社会现实的影响。在深入了解文本中社会世界的表现的基础上，我们引入了一个框架来分析genAI的内容及其对社会现实感知的影响。我们将分两部分演示这个“综合二元性”框架。首先，我们表明，基因人工智能可以在最小的指导下，创造出演员的合理形象，并赋予这些演员关系意义——文本中的虚拟社会世界，或“蒙多-布雷格”。其次，我们考察这些具有内在社会世界的综合文献如何影响读者对社会现实的看法。我们发现，它们改变了个人对文件中描述的行为者的看法，可能是通过更新个人对行为者及其含义的期望。然而，额外的探索性分析表明，可能是文本的风格，而不是它们对“蒙多-布雷格”的构建，影响了人们的看法。我们以理论和方法含义的讨论结束，包括基因人工智能如何扰乱个性的结构概念。也就是说，重新想象个人和群体的二元性，有助于在一个基因信息日益丰富的世界中，将日益增长的同质性理论化。

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引用次数: 0

Status and Subfield: The Distribution of Sociological Specializations across Departments 现状与分支领域：社会学专业跨部门的分布

IF 2 2区社会学 0 LITERATURE

Poetics

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.poetic.2025.101973

Timothy B. Elder , Austin C. Kozlowski

This study takes the well-established finding that sociology departments are ordered by a stable status hierarchy and investigates the relation of this hierarchy to the discipline's subfields. Using data drawn from the 2001 and 2020 editions of the American Sociological Association's Guide to Graduate Departments, we show that subfields are not uniformly distributed across departments, but that certain subfields are over-represented in elite departments while others are concentrated in lower status institutions. Notably, we find that male dominated and theoretically oriented subfields are more highly represented at elite departments than those that are feminized or practically oriented. Longitudinal evidence suggests that this patterning has persisted for at least two decades without diminishing. We discuss potential advantages accrued to elite subfields, yet note that the most prestigious subfields are not the most prominent nor the best funded. Rather, we argue that status often sustains niche theoretical work despite limited popularity or practical application.

本研究采用了社会学系是由稳定的地位等级排序这一公认的发现，并调查了这一等级与学科子领域的关系。我们利用2001年和2020年版美国社会学协会《研究生院系指南》的数据表明，子领域在各个院系之间的分布并不均匀，但某些子领域在精英院系中有过多的代表，而其他子领域则集中在地位较低的机构中。值得注意的是，我们发现男性主导和理论导向的子领域在精英部门中比女性化或实践导向的子领域更具代表性。纵向证据表明，这种模式至少持续了20年而没有减弱。我们讨论了精英子领域积累的潜在优势，但注意到最负盛名的子领域并不是最突出的，也不是资金最充足的。相反，我们认为，尽管受欢迎程度或实际应用有限，但地位往往维持着利基理论工作。

引用次数: 0