Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/10464964241274119
Eduardo Salas, Rylee Linhardt, Gabriela Fernández Castillo
Forty years ago, Dyer summarized team science research, finding that in many areas, we lacked theoretical backing and empirical evidence—sometimes to the point of meagerness. This commentary summarizes the last four decades of team research with Dyer’s seven leading questions—finding our progress far from scant. We have uncovered groundbreaking theories, moved past understanding teamwork as only the task, researched hundreds of team emergent states, and conducted vast meta-analytic research while continuing to uncover how to make teamwork more effective and what conditions foster greatness. We also find we continue to require work in other areas, from developing better methodological practices to considering teamwork’s dynamic nature. This commentary seeks to revisit team science’s most significant breakthroughs, such as the vast improvement of team training research, and weak spots, such as our continued lack of longitudinal research. By doing so, we highlight how much progress we can make together.
{"title":"The Science (and Practice) of Teamwork: A Commentary on Forty Years of Progress…","authors":"Eduardo Salas, Rylee Linhardt, Gabriela Fernández Castillo","doi":"10.1177/10464964241274119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241274119","url":null,"abstract":"Forty years ago, Dyer summarized team science research, finding that in many areas, we lacked theoretical backing and empirical evidence—sometimes to the point of meagerness. This commentary summarizes the last four decades of team research with Dyer’s seven leading questions—finding our progress far from scant. We have uncovered groundbreaking theories, moved past understanding teamwork as only the task, researched hundreds of team emergent states, and conducted vast meta-analytic research while continuing to uncover how to make teamwork more effective and what conditions foster greatness. We also find we continue to require work in other areas, from developing better methodological practices to considering teamwork’s dynamic nature. This commentary seeks to revisit team science’s most significant breakthroughs, such as the vast improvement of team training research, and weak spots, such as our continued lack of longitudinal research. By doing so, we highlight how much progress we can make together.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1177/10464964241274120
Marvin Grabowski, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Sebastian Rings, Anita Blanchard, Frank Steinicke
The metaverse offers new technological possibilities for conducting 3D immersive meetings with head-mounted displays that can enrich virtual teamwork. To conceptualize this new interaction space, we synthesize interdisciplinary findings from human-computer interaction literature, group research, and meeting science. We develop a conceptual framework of 3D immersive group meetings that integrates technological design characteristics, subjective attendee experiences, mediating mechanisms, and meeting outcomes. As a first empirical glimpse into this framework, we include a pilot study of group member’s self-reported experiences and observed group dynamics in the metaverse. Building on our framework and first empirical insights, we discuss implications for future investigations of group dynamics in the metaverse.
{"title":"Group Dynamics in the Metaverse: A Conceptual Framework and First Empirical Insights","authors":"Marvin Grabowski, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Sebastian Rings, Anita Blanchard, Frank Steinicke","doi":"10.1177/10464964241274120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241274120","url":null,"abstract":"The metaverse offers new technological possibilities for conducting 3D immersive meetings with head-mounted displays that can enrich virtual teamwork. To conceptualize this new interaction space, we synthesize interdisciplinary findings from human-computer interaction literature, group research, and meeting science. We develop a conceptual framework of 3D immersive group meetings that integrates technological design characteristics, subjective attendee experiences, mediating mechanisms, and meeting outcomes. As a first empirical glimpse into this framework, we include a pilot study of group member’s self-reported experiences and observed group dynamics in the metaverse. Building on our framework and first empirical insights, we discuss implications for future investigations of group dynamics in the metaverse.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1177/10464964241279078
Lisa Handke, Aliza Aldana, Patrícia L. Costa, Thomas A. O’Neill
Hybrid teamwork, which describes any combination of one’s work time spent across organizational and other (typically domestic) work settings, has become a critical aspect of modern work environments. However, despite the rising prevalence and technological support for hybrid teamwork, there is limited understanding of its impact at the team level. Although we still lack research that addresses the dynamic geographic configurations inherent to hybrid teamwork, we believe that much of the extant literature on virtual teamwork can inform our understanding and guide future research. Accordingly, this paper aims to advance knowledge on hybrid teamwork by defining its unique characteristics and critically reviewing three broad classes of theory from the virtual teams literature and their implications for understanding hybrid teamwork. Based on both contributions and limitations of these three theory classes, we conclude this paper by mapping out pressing questions to guide future research.
{"title":"Hybrid Teamwork: What We Know and Where We Can Go From Here","authors":"Lisa Handke, Aliza Aldana, Patrícia L. Costa, Thomas A. O’Neill","doi":"10.1177/10464964241279078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241279078","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid teamwork, which describes any combination of one’s work time spent across organizational and other (typically domestic) work settings, has become a critical aspect of modern work environments. However, despite the rising prevalence and technological support for hybrid teamwork, there is limited understanding of its impact at the team level. Although we still lack research that addresses the dynamic geographic configurations inherent to hybrid teamwork, we believe that much of the extant literature on virtual teamwork can inform our understanding and guide future research. Accordingly, this paper aims to advance knowledge on hybrid teamwork by defining its unique characteristics and critically reviewing three broad classes of theory from the virtual teams literature and their implications for understanding hybrid teamwork. Based on both contributions and limitations of these three theory classes, we conclude this paper by mapping out pressing questions to guide future research.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1177/10464964241274124
Verlin B. Hinsz, Michael D. Robinson
This conceptualization describes how positive and negative mood states, information processing, cognitive processing strategies, and group interaction combine to influence group judgment and decision making. The crux of the conceptualization is a dominant cognitive processing strategy. Positive moods inform group members that the situation is benign and reinforce dominant cognitive processing strategies. Negative moods provide feedback that the situation is problematic, leading to inhibition or revision of dominant cognitive processing strategies. Moods achieve these impacts through their influences on the cognitive processes of attention, processing objectives, and cognitive representations. Group interaction also accentuates these cognitive processes and related strategies. This conceptualization is applied to understand mood influences on jury decision making, group social dilemmas, hidden profile tasks, group judgments of opinions, judgments with cognitive biases, and quantitative judgments. The discussion considers mood influences in other group judgment and decision making related phenomena of group brainstorming, intergroup negotiation, stress, and groupthink.
{"title":"A Conceptualization of Mood Influences on Group Judgment and Decision Making: The Key Function of Dominant Cognitive Processing Strategies","authors":"Verlin B. Hinsz, Michael D. Robinson","doi":"10.1177/10464964241274124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241274124","url":null,"abstract":"This conceptualization describes how positive and negative mood states, information processing, cognitive processing strategies, and group interaction combine to influence group judgment and decision making. The crux of the conceptualization is a dominant cognitive processing strategy. Positive moods inform group members that the situation is benign and reinforce dominant cognitive processing strategies. Negative moods provide feedback that the situation is problematic, leading to inhibition or revision of dominant cognitive processing strategies. Moods achieve these impacts through their influences on the cognitive processes of attention, processing objectives, and cognitive representations. Group interaction also accentuates these cognitive processes and related strategies. This conceptualization is applied to understand mood influences on jury decision making, group social dilemmas, hidden profile tasks, group judgments of opinions, judgments with cognitive biases, and quantitative judgments. The discussion considers mood influences in other group judgment and decision making related phenomena of group brainstorming, intergroup negotiation, stress, and groupthink.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/10464964241274129
Lisa Handke, Patrícia Costa, Thomas A. O’Neill
The papers in this Special Issue show that virtual teamwork is a complex phenomenon that depends on a multiplicity of team, task, and environmental factors. In this editorial, we begin with a short review of the main perspectives through which virtual teams have been studied. From there, we move to an overview of the papers in this Special Issue. To conclude, we discuss potential avenues for future research based on the collection of papers in this issue.
{"title":"Virtual Teams: Taking Stock and Moving Forward","authors":"Lisa Handke, Patrícia Costa, Thomas A. O’Neill","doi":"10.1177/10464964241274129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241274129","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this Special Issue show that virtual teamwork is a complex phenomenon that depends on a multiplicity of team, task, and environmental factors. In this editorial, we begin with a short review of the main perspectives through which virtual teams have been studied. From there, we move to an overview of the papers in this Special Issue. To conclude, we discuss potential avenues for future research based on the collection of papers in this issue.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1177/10464964241267266
Laurie R. Weingart
This essay chronicles the pivotal events shaping Laurie Weingart’s esteemed academic career. It begins with an influential letter from Joe McGrath, affirming her research approach and trajectory, bolstering her confidence during a critical career juncture. Weingart traces her academic journey, marked by meaningful collaborations and mentorships, and her significant contributions to the study of group dynamics, negotiation tactics, and conflict. The founding and development of INGRoup, a network fostering interdisciplinary group research, is highlighted as a seminal collective achievement, underscoring her commitment to community-building in academia. Concluding with insights gleaned from mentoring, research, and leadership roles, Weingart advocates for embracing unplanned opportunities, nurturing collaborative relationships, and balancing passion with practicality to navigate a successful academic career. The essay serves as an inspirational guide for emerging scholars, emphasizing resilience, openness to change, and the importance of service to the broader academic community.
{"title":"Reflections of an Accidental Scholar and the Founding of INGRoup","authors":"Laurie R. Weingart","doi":"10.1177/10464964241267266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241267266","url":null,"abstract":"This essay chronicles the pivotal events shaping Laurie Weingart’s esteemed academic career. It begins with an influential letter from Joe McGrath, affirming her research approach and trajectory, bolstering her confidence during a critical career juncture. Weingart traces her academic journey, marked by meaningful collaborations and mentorships, and her significant contributions to the study of group dynamics, negotiation tactics, and conflict. The founding and development of INGRoup, a network fostering interdisciplinary group research, is highlighted as a seminal collective achievement, underscoring her commitment to community-building in academia. Concluding with insights gleaned from mentoring, research, and leadership roles, Weingart advocates for embracing unplanned opportunities, nurturing collaborative relationships, and balancing passion with practicality to navigate a successful academic career. The essay serves as an inspirational guide for emerging scholars, emphasizing resilience, openness to change, and the importance of service to the broader academic community.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/10464964241265295
Yan Zhao, Ting Liu, Xiao Han, Huangyi Gui
This study combined the dual perspectives of team interaction and decision-making stages. Based on 22,654 behavioral units from 20 four-person teams, we developed a team decision-making process model encompassing goal-driven patterns, information sharing, knowledge integration, and decision-making transition. Additionally, we found that high-performance teams engage more in exploratory discussions, timely summarization, and conflict coordination mechanisms, compared to low-performance teams. We summarize the specific interactions that are beneficial and harmful to decision-making performance. This study supplements previous research on team interaction during the decision-making stage and expands the nuanced understanding of how team interactions affect decision-making performance.
{"title":"Team Decision-making Interaction and Performance: A Behavioral Process-based Relationship Study","authors":"Yan Zhao, Ting Liu, Xiao Han, Huangyi Gui","doi":"10.1177/10464964241265295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241265295","url":null,"abstract":"This study combined the dual perspectives of team interaction and decision-making stages. Based on 22,654 behavioral units from 20 four-person teams, we developed a team decision-making process model encompassing goal-driven patterns, information sharing, knowledge integration, and decision-making transition. Additionally, we found that high-performance teams engage more in exploratory discussions, timely summarization, and conflict coordination mechanisms, compared to low-performance teams. We summarize the specific interactions that are beneficial and harmful to decision-making performance. This study supplements previous research on team interaction during the decision-making stage and expands the nuanced understanding of how team interactions affect decision-making performance.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/10464964241263117
Linda Argote
This essay was prepared in response to an invitation by Stephen Zaccaro, the President of INGRoup, and Lyn Van Swol, the Editor of Small Group Research, to recipients of the McGrath Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Study of Groups. My essay provides an overview of my research, including the human as well as the intellectual side of the endeavor. I recognize scholars who most influenced my research and those with whom I have had the pleasure of collaborating. Theoretical perspectives that shaped my thinking are acknowledged and significant milestones in my career described. The essay concludes with a discussion of suggestions that I hope will be useful to current and recent PhD students interested in groups.
这篇文章是应INGRoup主席斯蒂芬-扎卡罗（Stephen Zaccaro）和《小组研究》（Small Group Research）编辑林-范-斯沃尔（Lyn Van Swol）向麦格拉斯小组研究终身成就奖（McGrath Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Study of Groups）获得者发出的邀请而撰写的。我的这篇文章概述了我的研究工作，包括人际关系和智力方面的努力。我表彰了对我的研究影响最大的学者以及有幸与我合作的学者。文章对影响我思想的理论观点进行了肯定，并描述了我职业生涯中的重要里程碑。文章最后讨论了一些建议，我希望这些建议对目前和近期对群体感兴趣的博士生有所帮助。
{"title":"Group Dynamics Meets Organizational Learning: Reflections on Research","authors":"Linda Argote","doi":"10.1177/10464964241263117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241263117","url":null,"abstract":"This essay was prepared in response to an invitation by Stephen Zaccaro, the President of INGRoup, and Lyn Van Swol, the Editor of Small Group Research, to recipients of the McGrath Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Study of Groups. My essay provides an overview of my research, including the human as well as the intellectual side of the endeavor. I recognize scholars who most influenced my research and those with whom I have had the pleasure of collaborating. Theoretical perspectives that shaped my thinking are acknowledged and significant milestones in my career described. The essay concludes with a discussion of suggestions that I hope will be useful to current and recent PhD students interested in groups.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/10464964241264024
Norbert L. Kerr
In mediation analyses, several assumptions are routinely made. One such assumption is that the mediator and criterion variables are distinct, and not essentially the same variable with overlapping content. When this assumption is strongly violated, traditional mediation analysis is likely to falsely indicate that mediation has occurred. Spencer et al. refer to this as the “fourth drawback” of mediation analysis. It is argued here that this fourth drawback is not confined to cases of nearly complete overlap between mediator and criterion; mediation may often be falsely inferred when such overlap is partial. The results of a series of simulation studies are reported that corroborate this conclusion. Some potential responses to the risks of the fourth drawback are discussed.
{"title":"Exploring the “Fourth Drawback”: Overlap Between Mediator and Criterion in Mediation Analysis","authors":"Norbert L. Kerr","doi":"10.1177/10464964241264024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241264024","url":null,"abstract":"In mediation analyses, several assumptions are routinely made. One such assumption is that the mediator and criterion variables are distinct, and not essentially the same variable with overlapping content. When this assumption is strongly violated, traditional mediation analysis is likely to falsely indicate that mediation has occurred. Spencer et al. refer to this as the “fourth drawback” of mediation analysis. It is argued here that this fourth drawback is not confined to cases of nearly complete overlap between mediator and criterion; mediation may often be falsely inferred when such overlap is partial. The results of a series of simulation studies are reported that corroborate this conclusion. Some potential responses to the risks of the fourth drawback are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1177/10464964241259390
John M. Levine
The first section of this article summarizes my life as a group researcher, beginning with my graduate student years at the University of Wisconsin and continuing with my time as a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh, where my work focused on majority/minority disagreement, with an emphasis on reaction to deviance group socialization and the relationship between social and cognitive processes. The second section presents my analysis of the decline of intragroup process research in social psychology and reasons why such research is so much more popular in organizational psychology/behavior. The third section lays out a possible path to a brighter future in which social psychologists focus on how generic intragroup processes operate in important real-world groups and employ multiple methodologies to increase the external validity of their research. In this context, I suggest that families and extreme groups are particularly worthy of attention.
{"title":"Intragroup Processes in Social Psychology: My Past, Our Present, Your Future","authors":"John M. Levine","doi":"10.1177/10464964241259390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964241259390","url":null,"abstract":"The first section of this article summarizes my life as a group researcher, beginning with my graduate student years at the University of Wisconsin and continuing with my time as a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh, where my work focused on majority/minority disagreement, with an emphasis on reaction to deviance group socialization and the relationship between social and cognitive processes. The second section presents my analysis of the decline of intragroup process research in social psychology and reasons why such research is so much more popular in organizational psychology/behavior. The third section lays out a possible path to a brighter future in which social psychologists focus on how generic intragroup processes operate in important real-world groups and employ multiple methodologies to increase the external validity of their research. In this context, I suggest that families and extreme groups are particularly worthy of attention.","PeriodicalId":47912,"journal":{"name":"Small Group Research","volume":"30 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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