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The Risks of Business Model Innovation in Established Firm: Insights From an Expert Study 老牌企业商业模式创新的风险:来自专家研究的见解
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70012
La Ode Sabaruddin, Philip Linsley

Business model innovation (BMI) offers potential value but comes with risks, particularly in established firms. Successful BMI implementation requires a thorough understanding and effective management of these risks. While extant BMI literature has drawn attention to the risks associated with BMI, the studies are either too generic or context-dependent, offering limited insight into the specific risks faced by established firms. Moreover, in terms of the approach, these studies often recommend generic elements found in conventional risk management frameworks, which are not specifically situated within a BMI context. This paper draws on a two-round Delphi expert study involving leading BMI academics and professional managers with significant BMI experience to identify the risks associated with BMI and underlying factors driving the risks. Using a systematic inductive analysis of the Gioia method, the expert responses identify that BMI risks fall into four categories: strategic, operational, financial, and stakeholder risks. Additionally, the risk factors divide into five categories: resource factors, behavioural factors, governance factors, environmental factors and complementarities factors. We then explore how the BMI risks may unfold, which allows us to uncover two important features of the risk factors. First, there are interdependencies between the risk factors, which suggest there is a systemic aspect to the risks. Second, the relative importance of BMI risk factors is context-dependent, and certain BMI risk factors have a temporal dimension. We contribute to the BMI literature by providing a more nuanced discussion about the risks associated with BMI, which enhances the current understanding of the possibilities of undertaking successful BMI as well as finding effective ways to manage the process.

商业模式创新(BMI)提供了潜在的价值,但也伴随着风险,尤其是对老牌企业而言。BMI的成功实施需要对这些风险进行彻底的了解和有效的管理。虽然现有的BMI文献已经引起了人们对BMI相关风险的关注,但这些研究要么过于笼统,要么依赖于环境,对成熟公司面临的具体风险提供的见解有限。此外,就方法而言,这些研究通常推荐在传统风险管理框架中发现的通用元素,这些元素并不特别位于BMI背景下。本文采用了两轮德尔菲专家研究,涉及领先的BMI学者和具有丰富BMI经验的职业经理人,以确定与BMI相关的风险和驱动风险的潜在因素。通过对Gioia方法的系统归纳分析,专家们将BMI风险分为四类:战略风险、运营风险、财务风险和利益相关者风险。此外,风险因素分为五类:资源因素、行为因素、治理因素、环境因素和互补性因素。然后我们探索BMI风险是如何展开的,这让我们发现了风险因素的两个重要特征。首先,风险因素之间存在相互依赖关系,这表明风险存在系统性方面。其次,BMI危险因素的相对重要性是情境依赖的,某些BMI危险因素具有时间维度。我们通过提供与BMI相关的风险的更细致的讨论来贡献BMI文献,这提高了目前对成功进行BMI的可能性的理解,并找到了有效的方法来管理这一过程。
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引用次数: 0
A self-determination approach towards capitalising on autonomy and innovative work behaviour in task performance 在任务表现中利用自主和创新工作行为的自决方法
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70014
Saleh Samimi Dehkordi, Ivan Radević, Matej Černe, Guido Bortoluzzi

This study draws upon the self-determination theory and the ambidexterity theory to explore the microfoundations of task performance; in particular, it examines the effect of job autonomy on task performance. While prior studies already supported the existence of a relationship between autonomy and task performance, in this research we advance the thesis that such a relationship is influenced by multiple intervening factors. In particular, that innovative work behaviour (IWB) plays a mediating role, while team ambidexterity has a potential moderating role. To substantiate these claims, an empirical investigation was conducted using survey data from 791 employees and their supervisors across diverse industries in Montenegro. The findings lend support to the mediation hypothesis while indicating also that team ambidexterity might strengthen the effect of IWB on task performance. Results highlight the importance of balancing autonomy with structured team dynamics to optimize employee performance, particularly in innovation-driven environments.

本研究借鉴自我决定理论和双元性理论,探讨任务绩效的微观基础;特别地,它检验了工作自主性对任务绩效的影响。虽然先前的研究已经支持自主性与任务绩效之间存在关系,但在本研究中,我们提出了这种关系受到多种干预因素影响的论文。特别是,创新工作行为(IWB)起中介作用,而团队双元性具有潜在的调节作用。为了证实这些说法,对黑山不同行业的791名员工及其主管进行了一项实证调查。研究结果支持了中介假说,同时也表明团队双元性可能会加强IWB对任务绩效的影响。研究结果强调了平衡自主性和结构化团队动态对于优化员工绩效的重要性,尤其是在创新驱动的环境中。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Lead Userness: Development and Validation of a Hierarchical Scale 衡量领先用户:分级量表的开发和验证
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70006
Moritz Paulus, Slawka Jordanow, Sven Heidenreich, Franziska Janz

Lead user theory has gained traction in both academia and practice, given that involving lead users (LUs) can yield more innovative and commercially successful products. Yet, measurement inconsistencies have hindered consensus on how to reliably assess lead userness. This paper develops and validates a new 30-item scale that conceptualizes lead userness as a hierarchical construct with two second-order dimensions: ahead of trend (AoT) and high benefit expectation (HBE). Each dimension is further subdivided into three first-order subdimensions, capturing facets such as ideas, information and experience (AoT) or problems, needs and gains (HBE). In multiple studies, the scale demonstrated robust reliability and convergent, discriminant and nomological validity, correlating as expected with key antecedents (e.g., divergent thinking, product knowledge, innate innovativeness and risk aversion) and outcomes (e.g., social innovativeness, opinion leadership, innovation experience and innovation intention). Additionally, a separate predictive and explanatory power study comparing the new scale with seven established measures underscored its superior capacity to account for both past and future user-driven innovation activities. Moreover, a market test across smartphones, e-bikes and refrigerators confirmed that product concepts developed by identified LUs commanded higher willingness to pay than those from regular consumers, reinforcing the scale's practical relevance. Finally, a short-scale variant with six items is introduced as a viable alternative when item minimization is crucial. Taken together, these findings provide a comprehensive inventory for measuring lead userness, laying the foundation for deeper theoretical insights into user-driven innovation and more targeted managerial strategies for collaborating with LUs across diverse product categories.

领先用户理论在学术界和实践中都获得了牵引力,因为涉及领先用户(LUs)可以产生更具创新性和商业上成功的产品。然而,测量方法的不一致阻碍了就如何可靠地评估铅的使用情况达成共识。本文开发并验证了一个新的30项量表,该量表将领先用户概念化为具有两个二阶维度的层次结构:领先趋势(AoT)和高收益期望(HBE)。每个维度进一步细分为三个一阶子维度,捕获诸如想法、信息和经验(AoT)或问题、需求和收益(HBE)等方面。在多项研究中,该量表显示出稳健的信度和收敛效度、判别效度和法则效度,与关键前因(如发散性思维、产品知识、先天创新性和风险规避)和结果(如社会创新性、意见领导力、创新经验和创新意图)呈预期相关。此外,一项单独的预测和解释力研究将新量表与七个既定措施进行了比较,强调了其在解释过去和未来用户驱动的创新活动方面的卓越能力。此外,一项针对智能手机、电动自行车和冰箱的市场测试证实,与普通消费者相比,由确定的lu开发的产品概念具有更高的支付意愿,从而加强了该规模的实际相关性。最后,当最小化道具是至关重要的时候,引入一个包含6个道具的小规模变体作为可行的选择。综上所述,这些发现为衡量领先用户提供了一个全面的清单,为更深入地了解用户驱动型创新和更有针对性的管理策略奠定了基础,以便与不同产品类别的领先用户合作。
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引用次数: 0
Healthy–Unhealthy Tensions Duality Model: Managing Conflict and the Exploration–Exploitation Paradox in Creative Firms 健康-不健康紧张二元模型:管理冲突和创意企业的探索-开发悖论
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70009
Sotiris T. Lalaounis, Ajit Nayak, Didarul Hasan

We examine how senior managers in creative firms navigate the paradoxical tensions of exploration and exploitation—balancing artistic excellence with commercial viability—while managing conflict arising from these contradictions. Drawing on paradox theory and Mary Parker Follett's concept of constructive and non-constructive conflict, we conducted in-depth interviews with 37 senior managers from various creative firms. Our analysis reveals four key managerial mechanisms—integration, compromise, obliging and dominance—that managers employ to address conflict generated by paradoxical tensions. Our findings highlight that integration fosters constructive conflict and generates healthy tensions, characterised by moderate tension and synergy between exploration and exploitation. In contrast, compromise results in temporary resolutions, leading to non-constructive conflict and little tension, while obliging and dominance lead to non-constructive conflict and unhealthy tensions. Based on our findings, we develop a duality model illustrating the interplay between managerial interventions, conflict outcomes and tension dynamics. We contribute to paradox theory by explaining the connections between (non)constructive conflict and (un)healthy tensions and the pivotal role of managerial interventions. We provide practical insights for leaders in creative and other industries, emphasising the importance of integration to achieve a balance between competing demands.

我们研究了创意公司的高级管理人员是如何在探索和开发的矛盾紧张中找到方向的——平衡艺术卓越与商业可行性——同时管理由这些矛盾引起的冲突。利用悖论理论和Mary Parker Follett的建设性和非建设性冲突的概念,我们对来自不同创意公司的37名高级经理进行了深入采访。我们的分析揭示了管理者用来解决由矛盾的紧张关系产生的冲突的四种关键管理机制——整合、妥协、强制和支配。我们的研究结果强调,整合促进了建设性的冲突,并产生了健康的紧张关系,其特点是适度的紧张关系和勘探与开发之间的协同作用。相反,妥协导致暂时的解决方案,导致非建设性的冲突和很少的紧张,而强迫和支配导致非建设性的冲突和不健康的紧张。基于我们的发现,我们开发了一个二元模型来说明管理干预、冲突结果和紧张动态之间的相互作用。我们通过解释(非)建设性冲突和(非)健康紧张关系之间的联系以及管理干预的关键作用,为悖论理论做出了贡献。我们为创意和其他行业的领导者提供实用的见解,强调整合的重要性,以实现竞争需求之间的平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Venture Clienting: A Governance Perspective Through the Lens of Stewardship Theory 企业风险客户:管理理论视角下的治理视角
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70008
Francesca Capella, Giovanni Tolin, Federico Frattini, Josip Kotlar, Alberto Di Minin

Corporate venture clienting (CV Clienting) has emerged as a distinct form of corporate venturing (CV) in which corporations engage with startups by adopting their innovative solutions without acquiring equity stakes. Unlike traditional corporate venture capital (CV Capital), which served as the dominant CV approach, CV Clienting structures these relationships around supplier–client dynamics, enabling corporations to access pioneering technologies, foster the growth of future suppliers and minimize long-term capital commitments. However, despite its growing relevance, the governance mechanisms specific to CV Clienting remain underexplored. This study investigates the governance mechanisms underpinning CV Clienting initiatives from a stewardship theory perspective. Drawing on an abductive qualitative analysis of three corporations actively implementing CV Clienting, this research identifies three key dimensions of governance (i.e., formal, relational and transactional) that differentiate CV Clienting from CV Capital. This study shows that stewardship theory can provide a grounding model to support corporates in navigating the governance challenges of CV Clienting when interacting with startups.

企业风险客户(CV client)作为一种独特的企业风险投资(CV)形式出现,在这种形式中,企业通过采用初创企业的创新解决方案,而无需获得股权。与传统的企业风险投资(CV capital)不同,CV客户端围绕供应商-客户动态构建这些关系,使企业能够获得前沿技术,促进未来供应商的增长,并最大限度地减少长期资本承诺。然而,尽管其相关性越来越大,但针对CV客户端的治理机制仍未得到充分探索。本研究从管理理论的角度探讨了支持CV客户计划的治理机制。本研究通过对三家积极实施CV客户的公司进行定性分析,确定了将CV客户与CV资本区分开来的三个关键治理维度(即正式、关系和交易)。本研究表明,管理理论可以提供一个基础模型,以支持企业在与初创企业互动时应对CV客户的治理挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional Expressions in Front-End Team Work Hamper the Originality of New Product Ideas 前端团队工作中的情绪表达会阻碍新产品创意的原创性
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70005
Ann-Carolin Wolf, Theresa Treffers, Fred Langerak

The originality of new product ideas in the front-end is crucial for new product development (NPD) success. To foster originality, organisations use idea sprints, where distributed and remote NPD teams working in agile develop ideas under fixed time and cost constraints, exchanging outputs virtually. These virtual transfers, via tools like email, include both product-related factors like idea descriptions and person-related factors like emotions. Emotions expressed about idea descriptions can, however, be distorted during virtual transfers, possibly influencing idea elaboration. Despite their frequent occurrence and potential impact, this issue remains unexplored in the literature. Drawing on emotions as social information (EASI) theory, we test if the expression of excitement reduces, while the expression of frustration increases the originality of new product ideas generated in idea sprints. The results of an online experiment with professional participants in the role of either team member (i.e., idea generator or elaborator) or product owner (i.e., evaluator) during a simulated idea sprint unexpectedly show that both emotions, if expressed by the generator in the virtual transfer to the elaborator, reduce the originality of the new product ideas as evaluated by the product owner. These findings enrich our limited understanding of the role of expressed emotions in virtual transfers for ideation activities in the front-end of NPD.

新产品创意在前端的独创性对新产品开发(NPD)的成功至关重要。为了培养创意,组织使用创意冲刺,在固定的时间和成本限制下,分布式和远程NPD团队在敏捷中开发创意,虚拟交换输出。这些通过电子邮件等工具进行的虚拟交流,既包括与产品相关的因素,如想法描述,也包括与人相关的因素,如情绪。然而,关于想法描述的情感表达在虚拟传递过程中可能会被扭曲,可能会影响想法的阐述。尽管其频繁发生和潜在的影响,这一问题仍未在文献中探讨。利用情感作为社会信息(EASI)理论,我们测试了兴奋的表达是否减少了,而沮丧的表达是否增加了创意冲刺中产生的新产品创意的原创性。一项在线实验的结果显示,在模拟的创意冲刺中,专业参与者扮演团队成员(即创意产生者或阐述者)或产品所有者(即评估者)的角色,出乎意料地表明,如果创意产生者以虚拟的方式向阐述者表达这两种情绪,就会降低产品所有者评估的新产品创意的原创性。这些发现丰富了我们对情感表达在NPD前端创意活动虚拟转移中的作用的有限理解。
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引用次数: 0
AI-Augmented Approaches to Creative Problem-Solving: A Metacognitive Perspective 创造性问题解决的人工智能增强方法:元认知视角
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70003
Christian Hoßbach, Scott G. Isaksen

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming the way people approach creative problem-solving (CPS). Whereas previous technologies were only used as creativity tools, GenAI can also be conceived as an actor taking on different roles that adds a collaborative element to individual CPS processes. So far, research on augmenting CPS with GenAI has focused on creative cognition. In this article, we use a metacognitive perspective as a unique lens to conceptualize AI-augmented approaches to CPS and explore the implications of AI-augmented creative cognition. Based on this, we propose that the collaboration with GenAI in CPS shifts a part of human attention away from executing to monitoring and controlling creative cognition. These imposed metacognitive demands have important implications for our theoretical understanding of AI-augmented CPS and how people can better actualize the creative potential of GenAI. Future research directions and empirical approaches for understanding and addressing these metacognitive demands are discussed along with practical implications for applying CPS.

生成式人工智能(GenAI)正在改变人们解决创造性问题(CPS)的方式。以前的技术只被用作创造力工具,而GenAI也可以被视为扮演不同角色的参与者,为单个CPS流程添加协作元素。到目前为止,利用GenAI增强CPS的研究主要集中在创造性认知上。在这篇文章中,我们使用元认知视角作为一个独特的镜头来概念化人工智能增强CPS的方法,并探索人工智能增强创造性认知的含义。基于此,我们提出与GenAI在CPS中的合作将人类的一部分注意力从执行转移到监视和控制创造性认知。这些强加的元认知需求对我们对人工智能增强CPS的理论理解以及人们如何更好地实现GenAI的创造潜力具有重要意义。讨论了理解和解决这些元认知需求的未来研究方向和实证方法,以及应用CPS的实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
From Knowledge Management to Data Management in Innovation: Organizing to Leverage Data Through Anomalies 从创新中的知识管理到数据管理:组织利用异常数据
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70004
Antoine Bordas, Pascal Le Masson, Benoit Weil

Owing to their wide accessibility, data are currently at the root of many opportunities and challenges. Among the opportunities is the value that data can generate for innovation and new product development. The managerial implementation of this so-called value generation constitutes an associated challenge. This study addresses this issue with the goal of proposing a rationalisation of data management that allows organisations to leverage data for innovation. We draw upon knowledge management (KM) literature because data and knowledge have been closely linked for decades, as seen in the knowledge pyramid linking data to wisdom. Akin to KM practices, we begin by uncovering the four necessary dimensions that must be structured to leverage data (generation, relations, usage, and technologies). By recalling the singularities of data compared with knowledge, we hypothesise that anomalies play a potential role in operationalizing this framework for value generation. Evidence from several case studies support the proposed framework and lead us to introduce the notion of data heritage as a necessary condition for initiating a value generation process from data. Second, we highlight the importance of coupling between this data heritage and the knowledge heritage of organisations. Third, we emphasise that this coupling can be effectively realised through anomalies. Consequently, in response to recent calls in innovation management literature, this study provides insights into value generation from data by indicating several necessary conditions that need to be fulfilled. Moreover, it also benefits the KM literature by stressing the logic of a new KM pyramid.

由于可广泛获取,数据目前是许多机遇和挑战的根源。机遇之一是数据可以为创新和新产品开发创造价值。这种所谓的价值创造的管理实施构成了一个相关的挑战。本研究解决了这一问题,其目标是提出一种数据管理的合理化,使组织能够利用数据进行创新。我们借鉴知识管理(KM)文献,因为数据和知识已经紧密联系了几十年,正如将数据与智慧联系在一起的知识金字塔所示。类似于KM实践,我们首先揭示了四个必要的维度,这些维度必须被结构化以利用数据(生成、关系、使用和技术)。通过回顾与知识相比数据的奇异性,我们假设异常在操作该框架以产生价值方面发挥潜在作用。来自几个案例研究的证据支持所提议的框架,并引导我们引入数据遗产的概念,作为启动数据价值生成过程的必要条件。其次,我们强调了数据遗产和组织知识遗产之间耦合的重要性。第三,我们强调这种耦合可以通过异常有效地实现。因此,为了响应最近在创新管理文献中的呼吁,本研究通过指出需要满足的几个必要条件,提供了从数据中产生价值的见解。此外,它还强调了新的KM金字塔的逻辑,从而使KM文献受益。
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引用次数: 0
Can We Tell the Difference? A Turing Test on Human Perceptions of Innovation Ideas in Text Created by ChatGPT 我们能分辨出来吗?人类对ChatGPT创建的文本中创新思想感知的图灵测试
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70000
Ruth Maria Stock-Homburg

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), such as ChatGPT, is increasingly recognized for its potential to drive innovation, yet questions remain about its ability to mimic human innovation. Leveraging cognitive load theory (CLT), this study explores whether humans can reliably distinguish between incremental and radical innovation ideas in text created by ChatGPT and those created by humans. In an online experiment with 689 participants and 6454 innovation ratings, results from Turing and noninferiority tests showed that participants achieved accuracy only slightly above chance level, with marginally higher accuracy for radical innovations. However, significant differences emerged across thematic clusters: Convenience and health innovations were identified more accurately than education and sustainability innovations. This research advances the understanding of how closely GenAI-generated innovations resemble human ones, emphasizes the need for transparency in GenAI's role within creativity processes and raises questions about developing new indicators for evaluating contributions in increasingly AI-integrated innovation environments.

生成式人工智能(GenAI),如ChatGPT,因其推动创新的潜力而日益得到认可,但其模仿人类创新的能力仍然存在问题。利用认知负荷理论(CLT),本研究探讨了人类是否能够可靠地区分ChatGPT和人类创造的文本中的增量和激进创新思想。在一项有689名参与者和6454个创新评级的在线实验中,图灵测试和非劣效性测试的结果表明,参与者的准确率仅略高于偶然水平,激进创新的准确率略高。然而,各专题集群之间出现了显著差异:便利和卫生创新比教育和可持续性创新更准确地被确定。这项研究促进了对基因人工智能产生的创新与人类创新的密切程度的理解,强调了基因人工智能在创造过程中作用的透明度的必要性,并提出了在日益集成人工智能的创新环境中制定新指标以评估贡献的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Visual Artist, Craftsperson, Entrepreneur or … All in One? Identity Struggles and Juggles in Creative Crafts 视觉艺术家,手工艺人,企业家或…创意工艺中的身份斗争和杂耍
IF 4.2 3区 管理学 Q2 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/caim.70001
Anne-Sophie V. Radermecker, Ellen Loots

Social identity theories explain how identities intertwine with individuals' choices and behaviours. Simultaneously, an institutional context imposes constraints on people's agency due to the norms, habits and expectations it engrains. This is the case in the artistic realm, where numerous categorization norms remain implicit. In the present paper, we examine the links between identity and professional activities in the creative crafts sector, which exhibits characteristics of both contemporary arts and traditional crafts. Employing a mixed methodology that combines survey data and a focus group, we explore the ways in which different identities and professional activities within the market for creative crafts are interconnected. We show ‘how’ creative crafts practitioners self-identify (as an artist, craftsman [artisan], designer, maître d'art and creative entrepreneur) and reveal contradictions between—what we label—individuals' self-attributed identity (self-identification) and positioned social identity (the categorization by others). Notably, the identity of the ‘artist’ emerges as the most prominently promoted one, while that of the craftsperson is found to be more comfortable. Specific instances of identity struggles and juggles are identified. To explain the identity positioning issues faced in this sector, we invoke the nomenclative habits and market activities that prevail in creative crafts. Our empirical data allow us to disentangle two distinct identity strategies, which we label ‘rooted identity strategy’ and ‘floating identity strategy’. Our contributions lie in a more in-depth exploration of identity perceptions within cultural and creative industries, by showing how creative people deal with multiple, sometimes conflicting, identities and discussing how this can affect careers.

社会认同理论解释了身份如何与个人的选择和行为交织在一起。同时,由于制度背景所规定的规范、习惯和期望,制度背景对人们的能动性施加了约束。这就是艺术领域的情况,许多分类规范仍然是隐含的。在本文中,我们研究了身份与创意工艺部门专业活动之间的联系,创意工艺部门展示了当代艺术和传统工艺的特征。我们采用结合调查数据和焦点小组的混合方法,探索创意工艺品市场中不同身份和专业活动相互联系的方式。我们展示了创意手工艺从业者“如何”自我认同(作为艺术家、工匠、设计师、艺术大师和创意企业家),并揭示了我们所标记的个人自我认同(自我认同)与定位的社会认同(他人的分类)之间的矛盾。值得注意的是,“艺术家”的身份得到了最显著的提升,而工匠的身份则被认为更舒服。识别身份斗争和杂耍的具体实例。为了解释这个行业所面临的身份定位问题,我们援引了创意工艺品中盛行的命名习惯和市场活动。我们的经验数据使我们能够理清两种不同的身份策略,我们将其称为“根深蒂固的身份策略”和“浮动的身份策略”。我们的贡献在于更深入地探索文化和创意产业中的身份认知,展示创意人士如何处理多重(有时是相互冲突的)身份,并讨论这对职业生涯的影响。
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