Lingua最新文献

英文中文

A corpus-driven comparative analysis of AI in academic discourse: Investigating ChatGPT-generated academic texts in social sciences 对学术话语中的人工智能进行语料库驱动的比较分析：调查由 ChatGPT 生成的社会科学学术文本

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103838

Giordano Tudino, Yan Qin

Since its release in 2022, ChatGPT has found widespread application across various disciplines. While previous studies on Generative AI’s capabilities have predominantly concentrated on content quality assessments, little attention has been directed toward investigating the model’s linguistic patterns compared to human-generated language. To address this gap, we built two specialized corpora comprised of academic texts in social sciences generated by ChatGPT-4o mini and selected the Elsevier OA CC-BY Corpus as a reference for comparison, with a view to identifying commonalities and differences between AI-generated and human academic language and determining whether academic language instructions improve the model’s output in terms of formal rigor. The findings revealed limitations in ChatGPT’s handling of academic discourse in the following respects: overuse of infrequent “academic” vocabulary, limited use of subordination, and syntactic and semantic homogeneity. Besides, the effect of specific language-oriented prompts is primarily reflected in minor lexical adjustments. This study expands the scope of corpus linguistics research by incorporating AI-generated texts into the analytical framework and lays the groundwork for future improvements in the language model’s genre discrimination.

自 2022 年发布以来，ChatGPT 已在各个学科中得到广泛应用。以往关于生成式人工智能能力的研究主要集中在内容质量评估方面，而很少有人关注研究该模型与人类生成语言相比的语言模式。为了弥补这一不足，我们建立了两个由 ChatGPT-4o mini 生成的社会科学学术文本组成的专门语料库，并选择爱思唯尔 OA CC-BY 语料库作为对比参考，以期找出人工智能生成的学术语言与人类生成的学术语言之间的共性和差异，并确定学术语言指导是否能提高模型在形式严谨性方面的输出。研究结果表明，ChatGPT 在处理学术话语方面存在以下局限：过度使用不常用的 "学术 "词汇、从属关系使用有限、句法和语义同质化。此外，特定语言导向提示的效果主要体现在词汇的细微调整上。本研究将人工智能生成的文本纳入分析框架，拓展了语料库语言学的研究范围，并为今后改进语言模型的体裁辨别能力奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

A better or worse communicator? Comparing human and machine translation in source language shining through across registers 更好还是更差的交流者？比较人工翻译和机器翻译在源语言中的跨语域效果

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103834

Jia Li , Xianyao Hu

This study provides a novel perspective on the distinction between human and machine translation by comparing the shining-through effect in English translations from Chinese across four different registers based on four comparable balanced corpora. By applying two multivariate techniques to multiple lexical, cohesive and syntactic features, this study identifies the following. (i) The shining-through effect is observable in human- and machine-translated English from Chinese; however, it is relatively limited. (ii) Machine translation exhibits a more distinct and persistent tendency towards shining through across different registers. (iii) The shining-through effect is register-dependent, with a stronger presence in general and academic texts than in journalistic and fictional translated texts. These findings confirm shining through as a potential translation universal in both human and machine translated texts. Furthermore, the results suggest that human translators are more sensitive to the social norms in different registers, further supporting the notion that human translators are more alert to contextual and communicative constraints in translation. The observed distinction offers valuable insights for translation educators in restructuring the curriculum for the human–machine collaborative translation model by considering translation norms, register constraints and interpersonal and intercultural factors.

本研究基于四个具有可比性的平衡语料库，比较了四种不同语域的中文英译中的 "穿透效应"，为区分人工翻译和机器翻译提供了一个新的视角。通过将两种多元技术应用于多种词汇、连贯和句法特征，本研究确定了以下几点。(i) 在人译英和机译英中都能观察到 "穿透 "效应，但这种效应相对有限。(ii) 机器翻译在不同语域中表现出更明显、更持久的 "穿透 "倾向。(iii) "穿帮 "效应与语域有关，在一般和学术文本中的表现强于新闻和小说翻译文本。这些发现证实了 "穿透 "效应是人类和机器翻译文本中潜在的翻译普遍现象。此外，研究结果表明，人类译者对不同语域的社会规范更为敏感，这进一步支持了人类译者在翻译中对语境和交际限制更为警觉的观点。观察到的差异为翻译教育工作者提供了宝贵的启示，他们可以通过考虑翻译规范、语篇限制以及人际和跨文化因素来调整人机协作翻译模式的课程结构。

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引用次数: 0

Towards a system of principles for identifying nominalizing metaphors 建立一套识别名词化隐喻的原则体系

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103832

Wen Li , Bingjun Yang

In systemic functional linguistics, nominalization represents a prominent type of grammatical metaphor, but the identification of nominalization as nominalizing metaphor remains a problem. To distinguish nominalizations which are metaphorical from those which are not in English, texts from FLOB (Freiburg-LOB Corpus of British English) were observed by using UAM Corpus Tool. The results show that some of the nominalizations (e.g., technicalized nominalizations, event nouns, participant nominalizations, and nominal non-finite and finite clauses) are not grammatical metaphors under the principles of Rank Shift, Full Realization, or Semantic Junction. Non-morphological nominalizations in grammatical metaphor (e.g., the realization of a relator as a noun exemplified by if → condition) also remain unexplained, which may be solved by the Morphological Priority Principle prioritizing morphological agnation between the congruent and metaphorical wordings. None of the principles alone but a system synthesized from the four principles can sufficiently do for the identification of nominalizing metaphors.

在系统功能语言学中，名词化是一种突出的语法隐喻类型，但如何将名词化确定为名词化隐喻仍是一个问题。为了区分英语中隐喻和非隐喻的名词化，我们使用 UAM 语料库工具观察了 FLOB（弗莱堡-LOB 英国英语语料库）中的文本。结果表明，根据等级转换、完全实现或语义交界原则，一些名词化（如技术化名词化、事件名词化、参与者名词化、名词化的非定语从句和定语从句）不属于语法隐喻。语法隐喻中的非形态名词化（如 if → condition 所体现的关系词作为名词的实现）也仍然无法解释，这可以通过形态优先原则（Morphological Priority Principle）来解决，该原则优先考虑同义词和隐喻词之间的形态搭配。这些原则中的任何一条都不能单独用于识别名词化隐喻，只有由四条原则综合而成的系统才能充分地识别名词化隐喻。

引用次数: 0

Retraction notice to “Spatiality and temporality: the fundamental difference between Chinese and English” [Lingua 251 (2021) 103011] 空间性与时间性：中英文的根本差异》撤稿通知 [Lingua 251 (2021) 103011]

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103839

Wenbin Wang , Xinmiao Liu

引用次数: 0

Diachronic changes in lexical density of research article abstracts: A corpus-based study 研究文章摘要词汇密度的异时变化：基于语料库的研究

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103837

Haoran Zhu , Teng Wang , Nana Pang

Lexical density refers to the ratio of content words and measures the information density of academic texts. It has been regarded as an important indicator of writing proficiency and author style in academic writing research. A recent study based on Nature Biology Letters reported an upward trend in lexical density in research articles published in the journal. However, such a finding needs to be validated with a larger dataset. In addition, it remains unknown whether such a trend varies among disciplines. Using a large-scale corpus of research article abstracts from 16 academic disciplines, the present study reveals that the rise in lexical density could be a common trend across all fields. Moreover, the results of cross-disciplinary comparisons show that hard disciplines exhibit higher lexical density than soft disciplines. To our knowledge, this is probably the first study to investigate both the temporal dynamics of and disciplinary variations in lexical density using extensive multidisciplinary text data. Possible reasons for and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

词性密度是指内容词的比例，衡量学术文本的信息密度。在学术写作研究中，它一直被视为衡量写作水平和作者风格的重要指标。最近一项基于《自然-生物学通讯》的研究报告称，在该杂志上发表的研究文章的词性密度呈上升趋势。然而，这一发现还需要更大的数据集来验证。此外，这种趋势在不同学科之间是否存在差异仍是未知数。本研究使用来自 16 个学科的大规模研究文章摘要语料库，揭示了词汇密度上升可能是所有领域的共同趋势。此外，跨学科比较的结果表明，硬学科比软学科表现出更高的词汇密度。据我们所知，这可能是第一项利用广泛的多学科文本数据研究词汇密度的时间动态和学科差异的研究。本文讨论了研究结果的可能原因和实际意义。

引用次数: 0

The role of phonological overlap and cognates in dual logographic bilinguals’ phonological processing 语音重叠和同源物在双语语音加工中的作用

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103831

Xiaoping Liu , Yan Zhang , Bingjie Zeng , Ye Liu , Xiaolu Wang

Most previous studies on Chinese-Japanese bilingual lexical access have shown that cognates can facilitate L2 Japanese word recognition, and phonological overlap cannot. However, the findings from this research challenge those findings. In this study, both high- and low- proficient JFL (Japanese as a Foreign Language) learners performed phoneme monitoring tasks in their second language. Orthographically similar words with high or low phonological and semantic similarity were fully crossed. Our results suggest that phonological overlap across Chinese and Japanese interferes with phoneme processing speed and accuracy, especially those of the low-proficient JFL learners. Yet as their L2 proficiency improves, this inhibition effect can become smaller. In addition, cognate semantic overlap marginally interacts with L2 proficiency to affect phoneme recognition, though cognates do not directly play a role in phoneme processing. The theoretical implications of our research suggest that phonology functions as a non-selective element in the phonological access phase for bilinguals literate in two logographic languages. Moreover, cross-logographic processing does not conform to the cascading model; instead, it can be more accurately described by the modular or interactive models of bilingual processing.

以往关于中日二语词汇获取的大多数研究都表明，同义词可以促进 L2 日语单词的识别，而语音重叠则不能。然而，本研究的结果对这些结论提出了质疑。在这项研究中，日语水平较高和较低的日语学习者都进行了第二语言的音素监测任务。语音和语义相似度高或低的正字法相似词被完全交叉。我们的研究结果表明，汉语和日语之间的语音重叠干扰了音素处理的速度和准确性，尤其是那些日语水平较低的学习者。然而，随着日语水平的提高，这种抑制作用会逐渐减弱。此外，尽管同义词在音素加工中并不直接发挥作用，但同义词语义重叠与 L2 熟练程度之间存在微弱的相互作用，从而影响音素识别。我们研究的理论意义表明，语音学在掌握两种逻辑语言的二语学习者的语音获取阶段中起着非选择性的作用。此外，跨语系加工并不符合级联模式；相反，二语加工的模块化或交互式模式可以更准确地描述这种加工。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting the connection between progressive aspect and motion event cognition: Evidence from L1 Mandarin Chinese and L2 Swedish 重新审视进行时方面与运动事件认知之间的联系：来自第一语言普通话和第二语言瑞典语的证据

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103827

Qiu-Jun Zhang

This study investigates whether grammatical aspect influences the extent to which speakers attend to the endpoint (Goal) of motion events. Taking a typological perspective, the study examines the use of progressive markers in Mandarin Chinese through a progressive questionnaire. After identifying Mandarin’s aspectual features, the study re-examines the relationship between progressive aspect and endpoint preferences by analyzing motion event descriptions made by native Mandarin speakers and comparing their performance with L1 Mandarin learners of L2 Swedish in a memory-based triad-matching task. The results of these comparisons reveal that Mandarin speakers mentioned the endpoint of an event as frequently as [+aspect] English speakers but significantly less frequently than [-aspect] Swedish and Afrikaans speakers, thereby indicating an ‘endpoint preference’ for Swedish and Afrikaans speakers. In a non-linguistic similarity judgment task, no significant differences were observed between the L1 and L2 groups in their frequency of pairing the target clip with the endpoint-highlighted alternative clip. However, a positive correlation between the participants’ length of stay in Sweden and endpoint preferences was identified, implying a cognitive shift from ‘progress salience’ in [+aspect] L1 to ‘endpoint salience’ in [-aspect] L2. This suggests that immersion in an L2 context influences language acquisition and cognitive restructuring.

本研究探讨了语法方面是否会影响说话人对运动事件的终点（目标）的关注程度。本研究从类型学的角度出发，通过递进式问卷调查来考察普通话中递进标记的使用情况。在确定普通话的方面特征后，研究通过分析母语为普通话的人所做的运动事件描述，并在基于记忆的三元组匹配任务中将他们的表现与学习第二语言瑞典语的第一语言普通话学习者的表现进行比较，重新审视了递进方面和终点偏好之间的关系。比较结果显示，说普通话的人提到事件终点的频率与说[+aspect]英语的人一样高，但明显低于说[-aspect]瑞典语和南非荷兰语的人，这表明说瑞典语和南非荷兰语的人有 "终点偏好"。在非语言相似性判断任务中，L1 和 L2 组在将目标片段与突出终点的备选片段配对的频率上没有发现明显差异。然而，研究发现，受试者在瑞典逗留的时间长短与终点偏好之间存在正相关，这意味着认知从[+方面]L1的 "进展突出 "转变为[-方面]L2的 "终点突出"。这表明，在 L2 环境中的沉浸会影响语言习得和认知重组。

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引用次数: 0

On the production of bare nouns and case marking in Korean heritage speakers in contact with English 韩语传承人在接触英语时的裸名词生成和大小写标记

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103826

Yuhyeon Seo , Alejandro Cuza

The current study investigates the role of cross-linguistic influence, proficiency, and linguistic experience in the acquisition of Korean as a heritage language. Specifically, we examine Korean noun phrases and case marking among Korean heritage speakers born and raised in the US (n = 17) in comparison to Korean-dominant speakers in South Korea (n = 18). A total of 1,665 production data points were collected through a narrative task (Little Red Riding Hood). The analysis leveraged the differences in the usage of bare noun phrases and particles between Korean and English. The statistical results revealed that heritage speakers prefer noun phrases with a demonstrative over bare noun phrases compared to Korean-dominant speakers, a pattern similar to English structures. Furthermore, heritage speakers were likely to attach the topic marker to noun phrases, when it is less common among Korean-dominant speakers. These distinct patterns were more pronounced in the subject position than in the object position. In addition, Korean proficiency was found to be associated with the usage of bare noun phrases and case marking, with higher proficiency resulting in an increased likelihood of using target forms. These findings provide evidence for L2 cross-linguistic influence in the morphosyntactic domain and lend support to the Bilingual Alignment Approach.

本研究调查了跨语言影响、熟练程度和语言经验在韩语作为遗产语言的习得过程中所起的作用。具体来说，我们研究了在美国出生和长大的韩语传承人（n = 17）与在韩国以韩语为母语的人（n = 18）之间的韩语名词短语和大小写标记。通过叙事任务（小红帽）共收集了 1,665 个生产数据点。分析利用了韩语和英语在使用裸名词短语和微粒方面的差异。统计结果显示，与以韩语为主的讲韩语者相比，传统讲韩语者更喜欢使用带状语的名词短语，而不是裸名词短语，这种模式与英语结构类似。此外，说传统语言的人可能会在名词短语中附加主题标记，而这在说韩语的人中并不常见。这些不同的模式在主语位置比在宾语位置更明显。此外，研究还发现韩语水平与裸名词短语和大小写标记的使用有关，韩语水平越高，使用目标形式的可能性越大。这些研究结果为第二语言在形态句法领域的跨语言影响提供了证据，并为双语对齐法提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of visual displays on the mastery of the forms and functions of English intonation by Chinese L2 students 视觉展示对中国中学生掌握英语语调形式和功能的影响

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103825

Na Zhi , Aijun Li , Chenyang Zhao

This study examines the effectiveness of visual displays in improving the mastery of the forms and functions of English intonation among Chinese L2 students. Over a four-week period, two groups of learners (visual-training and auditory-training) took part in five sessions of intonation training, while a control group received no training. Each session began with a 25-minute lesson on the forms and functions of intonation, followed by a 40-minute practice session. All sentences were presented in communicative contexts. With the aid of speech visualization technology, the visual-training group was taught linguistic categories and English intonation structures, and was encouraged to imitate and practice intonation patterns using visual displays of the intonation of each sentence. The auditory-training group learned and practiced intonation by carefully listening to audio clips of each sentence. Intonation production was assessed using speech data from pre- and post-tests. Results showed that the visual-training group outperformed the other two groups, making the greatest progress in mastering the forms of English intonation (pitch accents and boundary tones) and its functions (expressing prominence and marking modality).

本研究探讨了视觉显示对提高中国中学生掌握英语语调形式和功能的有效性。在为期四周的时间里，两组学习者（视觉训练组和听觉训练组）参加了五节语调训练课，而对照组则不参加任何训练。每节课首先是 25 分钟的语调形式和功能课程，然后是 40 分钟的练习课程。所有句子都在交际语境中呈现。借助语音可视化技术，视觉训练组学习了语言类别和英语语调结构，并鼓励他们利用每个句子的语调可视化显示来模仿和练习语调模式。听觉训练组则通过仔细聆听每个句子的音频片段来学习和练习语调。通过前后测试的语音数据对语调的产生进行了评估。结果表明，视觉训练组的成绩优于其他两组，在掌握英语语调的形式（音高重音和边界音）及其功能（表达突出和标记方式）方面进步最大。

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引用次数: 0

Chinese nouns are mass nouns: An information-theoretic computational proof 中文名词是大量名词信息论计算证明

IF 1.1 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2024.103815

Wei Zhou , Guangyan Zhang , Yujie Chen

The mass–count distinction in Mandarin Chinese has been heatedly debated in linguistics. Previous research investigated the mass–count distinction primarily through qualitative methods. Our study applied mutual information and created three variation conditions to explore the relationship between Chinese nouns and the individuation function of classifiers. Furthermore, we examined the mass–count distinction by quantitatively analyzing 1,000 instances of Num–CL–N (numeral–classifier–noun) structures. The computational results indicate that the individuation function of classifiers is influenced by noun homogeneity. Moreover, we argue that Chinese nouns exhibit an inclination for homogeneity and the deep semantic processing of nouns is similar to classes or sets, providing evidence for the broad mass noun hypothesis and the collective-name hypothesis in the philosophy of language.

普通话中的质数区分在语言学界引起了激烈的争论。以往的研究主要通过定性方法来研究质数区别。我们的研究运用互信息并创造了三种变异条件来探讨汉语名词与分类器个体化功能之间的关系。此外，我们还对 1,000 个 Num-CL-N（数词-分类词-名词）结构实例进行了定量分析，从而检验了质量-数量区别。计算结果表明，分类词的个别化功能受到名词同质性的影响。此外，我们认为汉语名词表现出同质性倾向，名词的深层语义处理类似于类或集合，为语言哲学中的广义质量名词假说和集合名假说提供了证据。

引用次数: 0

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