Lingua最新文献_第3页

Revisiting Chinese modality types: A collostructional approach to post-modal verbs 重访汉语情态类型：对后情态动词的结构分析

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104059

Zhuo Zhang , Jinmeng Dou

This paper revisits Chinese modality types through a corpus-based analysis of [Modal + Verb] patterns involving seven common two-character modals. Using Multiple Distinctive Collexeme Analysis, the study identifies the most strongly attracted collexemes for each modal pattern and groups them into seven semantic domains. This categorization yields three modality groups—epistemic, dynamic, and deontic, highlighting functional and cognitive (dis)similarities among the modals. Simple Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components are subsequently employed to quantitatively validate these results. The findings confirm the traditional tripartite classification of modality as a more decisive factor in modal use and reveal that a possibility–necessity continuum captures variations in modal strength within each type. Methodologically, this research represents the first quantitative corpus-based study of Chinese to systematically compare seven modals across modality types, proposing a replicable framework that integrates quantitative distributional evidence with usage-based functional–cognitive interpretation. This approach enhances our understanding of modality through usage distributions and strengthens the empirical foundation for modality research in Chinese. Pedagogically, it offers insights into modal usage in authentic contexts, supporting more effective instruction. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how distributional corpus methods can uncover semantic variation and contribute to broader cognitive and typological discussions on modality.

本文通过语料库分析[情态+动词]模式，包括七种常见的双字情态，重新审视了汉语情态类型。该研究使用多重特征连体分析方法，确定了每个模态模式中最具吸引力的连体，并将它们分为七个语义域。这种分类产生了三个情态组——认知、动态和道义，突出了情态之间的功能和认知（非）相似性。随后采用简单对应分析和主成分层次聚类来定量验证这些结果。研究结果证实了传统的情态三要素分类是情态使用的决定性因素，并揭示了可能性-必要性连续体捕获了每种类型中情态强度的变化。在方法上，本研究首次以定量语料库为基础，系统地比较了七种不同情态类型的汉语情态，提出了一个可复制的框架，将定量分布证据与基于使用的功能认知解释相结合。这一方法增强了我们对汉语情态使用分布的认识，加强了汉语情态研究的实证基础。在教学上，它提供了对真实语境中情态用法的见解，支持更有效的教学。最后，本研究展示了分布式语料库方法如何揭示语义变化，并有助于对情态进行更广泛的认知和类型讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring Mandarin tone production: A Global Chinese perspective 探索普通话声调制作：全球汉语视角

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104060

Xin Ren , Huihui Wang

Currently, Mandarin plays a prominent role in global communication, and the Global Chinese framework has accordingly gained increasing attention. The Three Concentric Circles of Mandarin users model represents a key concept within the Global Chinese framework as it captures the sociolinguistic profile of Mandarin users from the Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles ((IC), (OC), and (EC), respectively). However, no previous studies have considered Mandarin users in this integrated model. This study investigates the lexical tone production of Mandarin users in the three circles, the factors influencing tonal variations, and the assumption of this model in explaining tone production. The speakers in this study were from mainland China (Inner), Macau (Outer), and Africa (Expanding). Considerable variability was observed in the OC and EC. However, the impact of the first language alone cannot explain these variations; factors such as tonal similarities in Mandarin also contribute to this variation. Furthermore, contrary to the assumption of the Three Circles model, the findings revealed that the OC variety was closer to the IC variety than the EC variety. The smaller typological distance between the Chinese language used in the IC and OC may contribute to this pattern, which can help modify and supplement the model.

目前，普通话在全球交流中发挥着突出的作用，全球汉语框架也因此受到越来越多的关注。普通话用户的三个同心圆模型代表了全球汉语框架中的一个关键概念，因为它从内部、外部和扩展圈（分别为（IC）、（OC）和（EC））捕获了普通话用户的社会语言学概况。然而，之前没有研究将普通话用户纳入这个综合模型。本研究考察了三圈汉语使用者词汇声调的产生、影响声调变化的因素，以及该模型解释声调产生的假设。本研究的讲者来自中国大陆（内）、澳门（外）和非洲（扩展）。在OC和EC中观察到相当大的变异性。然而，仅凭第一语言的影响并不能解释这些差异；普通话声调相似等因素也会导致这种差异。此外，与三圈模型的假设相反，研究结果表明OC品种比EC品种更接近IC品种。中国语与汉语的类型学距离较小，这可能有助于修正和补充该模型。

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引用次数: 0

Meet Me on Tomorrow by Your Mama’s House: A sociolinguistic investigation of phrasal constructions in New Orleans English 《明天在你妈妈家见我》：新奥尔良英语短语结构的社会语言学研究

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104040

Dana Serditova , Katie Carmichael

Phrasal constructions are an underlooked aspect of language variation and change, in part likely due to the challenges of examining syntactic variation: lower frequency compared to phonological and morphological features, questionable semantic equivalences across phrasal constructions, and an interest in sound change amongst variationist sociolinguists. In this study, we examine three phrasal constructions in New Orleans English that demonstrate unusual employment of prepositions: ‘by [residence]’ (e.g. ‘I went by your mama’s house yesterday’ meaning ‘I stopped in for a visit at your mama’s house yesterday’), ‘for [time]’ (e.g. ‘the store closes for six o’clock’ meaning ‘the store closes at six o’clock’), and ‘on [temporal deixis]’ (e.g. ‘I’ve got a doctor’s appointment on tomorrow’ meaning ‘I’ve got a doctor’s appointment tomorrow’). Using a self-report survey of New Orleanians, and spoken and written production data from corpora and social media, we document usage and distribution of these phrasal constructions across demographic groups, noting that while all 3 features appear stable across generations in New Orleans, ‘on [temporal deixis]’ appears to be used more by Black and Creole respondents than white respondents. We situate these results within the context of local linguistic change in New Orleans English, and broader research on syntactic variation.

短语结构是语言变化和变化的一个被忽视的方面，部分原因可能是由于检查句法变化的挑战：与音韵学和形态学特征相比，短语结构的频率较低，有问题的语义等同，以及变体社会语言学家对声音变化的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们研究了新奥尔良英语中的三个短语结构，它们展示了不同寻常的介词用法：“by [residence]”（例如“I went by your mama’s house yesterday”，意思是“我昨天去了你妈妈家”），“for [time]”（例如“商店6点关门”，意思是“商店6点关门”），以及“on [temporal指示语]”（例如“我明天有一个医生的预约”，意思是“我明天有一个医生的预约”）。通过对新奥尔良人的自我报告调查，以及来自语料库和社交媒体的口头和书面生产数据，我们记录了这些短语结构在人口统计群体中的使用和分布，注意到虽然这三个特征在新奥尔良的几代人中都很稳定，但黑人和克里奥尔人的受访者似乎比白人受访者更多地使用“时间指示”。我们将这些结果置于新奥尔良英语当地语言变化的背景下，并对句法变化进行更广泛的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Culturally bound abusive expressions in Ghanaian social media 加纳社交媒体中受文化限制的辱骂性表达

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104056

Rachel G.A. Thompson , Evershed Kwasi Amuzu

This study examines the use of culturally bound abusive expressions in Ghanaian online discourse, with a focus on the strategic deployment of indigenous languages and culturally specific terms as mechanisms of verbal aggression and online harm. Drawing on a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from social media commentary on major sociopolitical events in September 2024, including public reactions to the government’s handling of illegal mining (Galamsey) and the subsequent arrest of protestors. The analysis reveals a form of pragmatic borrowing, where users embed abusive expressions from Akan, Ewe, Ga, and Hausa into English-based discourse. These expressions, retained in their original forms, heighten emotional intensity, assert cultural identity, and convey power or resistance, often carrying meanings that avoid direct translation. Rather than being spontaneous outbursts, they operate as culturally situated acts of verbal aggression that combine expressive force with significant social impact. The study shows how Ghanaians on social media strategically mobilize insulting expressions not only to offend but also to reinforce group cohesion, enact sociocultural resistance, and challenge sociopolitical authority. The findings advance understanding of how multilinguals in postcolonial contexts navigate online interaction by using language as a weapon of aggression and a medium of identity construction and sociopolitical critique. The study provides insights into multilingualism, digital communication, and the cultural specificities of online harm in sub-Saharan Africa.

本研究检视迦纳网路话语中受文化限制的辱骂性表达的使用，重点关注原住民语言和文化特定用语的策略部署，以作为言语攻击和网路伤害的机制。采用描述性定性方法，从社交媒体对2024年9月重大社会政治事件的评论中收集数据，包括公众对政府处理非法采矿（Galamsey）和随后逮捕抗议者的反应。分析揭示了一种语用借用的形式，用户将Akan， Ewe， Ga和Hausa的辱骂表达嵌入到基于英语的话语中。这些表达保留了其原始形式，增强了情感强度，维护了文化认同，传达了力量或抵抗，通常带有避免直接翻译的含义。它们不是自发的爆发，而是作为一种文化背景下的言语攻击行为，将表达力与重大的社会影响结合起来。该研究展示了加纳人如何在社交媒体上战略性地调动侮辱性表达，不仅是为了冒犯，也是为了加强群体凝聚力，发起社会文化抵抗，挑战社会政治权威。这些发现有助于理解后殖民背景下的多语言者如何将语言作为一种侵略武器、身份建构和社会政治批判的媒介，来引导在线互动。该研究对撒哈拉以南非洲的多语言、数字通信和网络危害的文化特殊性提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Mandarin citation tone perception in prelingually deaf adults 成人语前失聪的普通话引文声调感知

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104058

Yu Chen , Yinuo Wang , Shengqin Cao , Yang Li

Objective

This study investigated how prelingually deaf adults (PDAs) with cochlear implants (CIs) or hearing aids (HAs) perceive Mandarin citation tones. The effects of rhyme complexity and hearing device type on tone identification were examined.

Design

Seventy-four Mandarin-speaking participants (30 normal-hearing, 18 CI users, and 26 HA users) completed a four-alternative forced-choice tone identification task. The stimuli included monosyllables with different rhyme complexities (simple, open, nasal) and tone pairings (six tone pairs). Mouse-tracking was used to capture response trajectories and timing.

Results

Normal-hearing participants showed higher accuracy than both deaf groups in all conditions. Tone pairs T2–T3 and T2–T4 were particularly challenging for CI and HA users. Rhyme complexity influenced only the deaf groups, and nasal rhymes showed the worst performance. Although CI users had more severe hearing loss, their performance was similar to that of HA users.

Conclusions

These results highlight the impact of tone types and rhyme complexity on Mandarin tone perception in PDAs and suggest the need for device-specific auditory training.

目的研究人工耳蜗（CIs）或助听器（HAs）的语前聋成人（pda）对普通话引文声调的感知。考察了音韵复杂程度和助听器类型对声调识别的影响。74名说普通话的参与者（30名听力正常的人，18名CI使用者和26名HA使用者）完成了四种强制选择音调识别任务。刺激包括具有不同韵律复杂性的单音节（简单、开放、鼻音）和音调对（六对音调）。鼠标跟踪用于捕捉反应轨迹和时间。结果在所有情况下，正常听力组的识别准确率均高于聋人组。音调对T2-T3和T2-T4对CI和HA用户尤其具有挑战性。押韵复杂性只影响聋哑人，鼻音押韵表现最差。虽然CI使用者的听力损失较严重，但他们的表现与HA使用者相似。结论声调类型和韵律复杂性对掌上电脑普通话声调感知的影响，提示需要进行设备特异性听觉训练。

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引用次数: 0

Learning L2-L3 cognates and L1-L2-L3 cognates in class: A longitudinal experiment in raising awareness of L2-L3 similarity L2-L3同源词与L1-L2-L3同源词课堂学习：提高L2-L3相似度认知的纵向实验

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104057

Agnieszka Otwinowska , Breno B. Silva , Olga Broniś , Agata Ambroziak , Aleksandra Janczarska , Borys Jastrzębski , Małgorzata Foryś-Nogala

We investigated how L3 word knowledge is impacted by similarity to learners’ previous languages (L1 and L2) and awareness of cross-linguistic similarities. Our participants were L1-Polish speakers with L2-English who were beginner learners of L3-Italian (N = 35, M_age = 19.71). Alongside regular classroom activities, we used tailor-made exercises to teach our participants 120 L3-Italian words: 40 L2-L3 cognates, 40 L1-L2-L3 cognates, and 40 noncognates, controlled for a range of item-related variables. We also randomly assigned participants to two conditions: a control group and a cognate-awareness-raising group, where we manipulated participants’ awareness of L2-English-L3-Italian cross-linguistic similarity through interactive online workshops. In the pretest and posttest, we tested learners’ ability to translate an L2-English word to L3-Italian and to use the L3-word in a sentence. Results of mixed-effect logistic regressions showed that the cognates were learned better than noncognates, but there was no difference between L1-L2-L3 and L2-L3 cognates. Importantly, the cognate-awareness-raising training enhanced the learning of L1-L2-L3 cognates, but not of L2-L3 cognates. Our results suggest that any cross-linguistic similarity improves retention, but L3 lexical learning is primarily facilitated by cumulative L1-L2-L3 similarity if the participant is aware of its existence.

我们研究了L3单词知识是如何受到学习者与先前语言（L1和L2）相似性和跨语言相似性意识的影响的。我们的参与者是初级意大利语学习者（N = 35, Mage = 19.71），说l1 -波兰语，说l2 -英语。除了常规的课堂活动，我们使用量身定制的练习来教授我们的参与者120个l3 -意大利语单词：40个L2-L3同源词，40个L1-L2-L3同源词和40个非同源词，控制了一系列与项目相关的变量。我们还将参与者随机分配到两组：对照组和同源意识提高组，在那里我们通过互动在线研讨会操纵参与者对l2 -英语- l3 -意大利语跨语言相似性的认识。在前测和后测中，我们测试了学习者将一个二级英语单词翻译成三级意大利语的能力，以及在句子中使用这个三级单词的能力。混合效应logistic回归结果显示，同源词的学习效果优于非同源词，而L1-L2-L3和L2-L3同源词的学习效果无显著差异。重要的是，同源意识提升训练对L1-L2-L3同源的学习有促进作用，而对L2-L3同源的学习没有促进作用。我们的研究结果表明，任何跨语言相似性都能提高记忆，但如果参与者意识到L3 - l2 -L3相似性的存在，L3词汇学习主要是由累积的L1-L2-L3相似性促进的。

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引用次数: 0

An exploratory analysis of code-switching and borrowing in a corpus of Zimbabwean English 津巴布韦语英语语料库中语码转换和借用的探索性分析

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104037

Faith Chiedza Chapwanya, Joanine Hester Nel

This paper explores patterns of English-Shona code-switching and borrowing in a corpus of Zimbabwean English to determine the types, frequencies, and functions of these features. Results indicate that intrasentential code-switching was the most frequent type of switching followed by intersentential code-switching and then lexical borrowing. The least frequent type of switching was loanword adaptations. The analysis revealed that spoken registers had the highest frequency of switching compared to written registers. The informal and spontaneous nature of spoken registers were cited as motivations for the high frequency. Subsequently, multi-word switches occurring in the same place were attested more, which can be linked to their higher frequency of occurrence in public dialogues. Social functions, namely accommodation and solidarity, had the highest frequencies whilst switching at a time of vagueness or uncertainty was the second highest function of code-switching. Other functions of code-switching attested in the Zimbabwean English corpus, in the order of frequency, include repetition or reiteration, asking questions, identity marking, code-switching to show emotions, code-switching as discourse marking, clarification, and emphasis. Analyzing the functions of code-switching in the Zimbabwean English corpus and determining the frequency of each function is crucial for understanding the linguistic-, cognitive-, and sociocultural dimensions of bilingualism in Zimbabwe.

本文探讨了津巴布韦语语料库中英修那语语码转换和借用的模式，以确定这些特征的类型、频率和功能。结果表明，句子内语码转换是最常见的语码转换类型，其次是句子间语码转换，其次是词汇借用。最不频繁的转换类型是外来词适应。分析显示，与书面记录相比，口头记录的转换频率最高。口语的非正式和自发性质被认为是高频的动机。随后，在同一地点发生的多词转换得到了更多的证实，这可能与它们在公共对话中的出现频率更高有关。社会功能，即适应和团结，频率最高，而在模糊或不确定的时候切换是第二高的功能代码转换。在津巴布韦语英语语料库中，语码转换还具有重复或重申、提问、身份标记、表达情感的语码转换、作为话语标记的语码转换、澄清和强调等功能。分析津巴布韦语英语语料库中语码转换的功能，确定每种功能的频率，对于理解津巴布韦双语的语言、认知和社会文化维度至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

The development of copula/affirmative response marker polysemy in Chinese and other languages in China 汉语和其他语言中连词/肯定反应标记词多义词的发展

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104028

Haiping Long

Contact with Chinese may explain the development of copula/affirmative response marker polysemy in other languages in China. Chinese shì developed the polysemous pattern because it underwent polygrammaticalization in Old Chinese: (a) pronominal demonstrative > demonstrative verb of manner > affirmative response marker, and (b) pronominal demonstrative > copula. Since Middle Chinese, most other usages have disappeared, and the polysemy has persisted for over a millennium. Speakers of other languages in China were in contact with Chinese, and adopted one of the three strategies to incorporate this polysemy: (a) using Chinese shì as a loan word to function as copula and affirmative response marker in the target language, (b) using the copula of the target language to function as affirmative response marker, and (c) using the attributive adjective meaning ‘true, correct’ of the target language to function as copula and affirmative response marker, typically starting with copula. The latter two strategies support two arguments: (a) grammatical changes in language contact do not always involve grammaticalization, and (b) speakers of the target language may sometimes adopt linguistic items with more abstract meaning to refer to more concrete polysemous meaning.

与汉语的接触可以解释中国其他语言中联系词/肯定反应标记词一词多义的发展。汉语shì由于在古汉语中经历了多语法化而发展出多义模式：(a)代词指示动词；（gt）方式指示动词；（gt）肯定反应标记；(b)代词指示连词。自中古汉语以来，大多数其他用法已经消失，而一词多义却持续了一千多年。在中国，说其他语言的人在接触汉语时，采用了三种策略中的一种来吸收这种一词多义：(a)使用汉语shì作为外来词作为目的语的联结词和肯定反应标记；(b)使用目的语的联结词作为肯定反应标记；(c)使用目的语的“真、对”的定语形容词作为联结词和肯定反应标记，通常以联结词开头。后两种策略支持两个论点：(a)语言接触中的语法变化并不总是涉及语法化；(b)目的语使用者有时可能会采用更抽象意义的语言项目来指代更具体的多义。

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引用次数: 0

Gradient perception of geminate consonants in Arabic: a perceptual study of durational thresholds 阿拉伯语双元音的梯度感知：持续阈值的感知研究

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104039

Abdullah Alfaifi

This study examines how native Arabic listeners perceive geminate consonants that have been systematically shortened, aiming to identify the durational threshold at which a geminate is no longer heard as such and is instead perceived as a singleton consonant. Twenty Najdi Arabic speakers listened to Arabic words with geminate consonants, where the geminate portion was gradually shortened in 10 ms increments. Listeners indicated whether each modified token sounded like the original geminate word or its singleton counterpart. Results revealed no single durational threshold; instead, thresholds varied across consonants. Stop consonants were perceived as singletons after relatively smaller reductions, whereas fricatives and sonorants required greater shortening. Listeners often began identifying a geminate as a singleton even while its duration remained longer than a typical singleton consonant. These findings indicate that geminate perception in Arabic is gradient and segment-specific. They support the view that geminates are not merely lengthened singletons but represent distinct durational categories shaped by consonant-specific cues.

本研究考察了母语为阿拉伯语的听者是如何感知被系统缩短的双元音辅音的，目的是确定双元音的持续时间阈值，在这个阈值上，双元音不再被当作这样的辅音来听，而是被当作单个辅音来听。20名Najdi阿拉伯语使用者听带有双音辅音的阿拉伯单词，其中双音部分以10毫秒的增量逐渐缩短。侦听器指示每个修改过的标记听起来是像原始的双音节词还是像它的单音节对应物。结果显示没有单一的持续阈值；相反，不同辅音的阈值是不同的。顿音在相对较小的略读后被认为是单音，而摩擦音和辅音则需要更大的略读。听者经常开始将双韵母识别为单韵母，即使它的持续时间比典型的单韵母辅音长。这些发现表明，在阿拉伯语中，双形感知是梯度的和片段特异性的。他们支持这样一种观点，即双音不仅仅是延长的单音，而是代表了由辅音特定线索形成的独特的持续类别。

引用次数: 0

Linguistic and social selectivity in phonetic imitation: Evidence from North Korean refugees in Seoul 语音模仿中的语言和社会选择性：来自首尔朝鲜难民的证据

IF 1.3 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Lingua

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104038

Hwanmin Jung , Grace E. Oh , Jeong-Im Han

This study explored if and to what extent North Korean (NK) refugees living in Seoul, South Korea adjusted their pronunciation to the standard Seoul Korean (SK) dialect in an imitation task. To this end, NK and SK speakers participated in a word shadowing task to evaluate acoustic measures of phonetic convergence in vowels. The NK speakers, as a less prestigious group, showed more convergence to the SK model talker than SK speakers to the NK model talker, and convergence was greater in the vowels that could threaten the phonological contrast in SK. The social variables showed a tendency to have null and weak effects in demographic and situational variables, respectively, probably owing to the somewhat long residency of the NK participants. The present findings provide additional evidence that phonetic convergence is mediated by linguistic, and, to a lesser extent, social factors in cross-dialectal accommodation.

本研究探讨了居住在韩国首尔的朝鲜（NK）难民是否以及在多大程度上在模仿任务中将他们的发音调整为标准的首尔韩语（SK）方言。为此，说NK和SK的人参加了一个单词阴影任务，以评估元音语音收敛的声学测量。作为一个不那么有名望的群体，NK说话者对SK模范说话者的趋同程度要高于SK说话者对NK模范说话者的趋同程度，而且在可能威胁到SK语音对比的元音上趋同程度更大。社会变量在人口统计变量和情境变量上分别显示出零效应和弱效应的趋势，这可能是由于NK参与者居住的时间较长。目前的研究结果提供了额外的证据，证明语音趋同是由语言因素介导的，在跨方言适应中，社会因素在较小程度上也起着中介作用。

引用次数: 0