Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2021.1886618
K. Ward
ABSTRACT Previous scholarship has documented women of color’s experiences in professions such as law and medicine, but less research has explored how women of color experience the process of becoming members of professions. Using academia as a case I draw from interviews with thirty women at a single research-intensive university to demonstrate that women of color have different orientations to professional membership as compared to white women. These differences are made evident by women of color’s extra work to justify and make sense of inclusion in the profession, their beliefs about research, and their participation strategies. I argue women of color differentiate themselves from their white peers by crafting a moralized version of the profession.
{"title":"Crafting the Conditions for Professional Membership: Women of Color Navigating Inclusion into Academia","authors":"K. Ward","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2021.1886618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2021.1886618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous scholarship has documented women of color’s experiences in professions such as law and medicine, but less research has explored how women of color experience the process of becoming members of professions. Using academia as a case I draw from interviews with thirty women at a single research-intensive university to demonstrate that women of color have different orientations to professional membership as compared to white women. These differences are made evident by women of color’s extra work to justify and make sense of inclusion in the profession, their beliefs about research, and their participation strategies. I argue women of color differentiate themselves from their white peers by crafting a moralized version of the profession.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"497 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2021.1886618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42149072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1797596
D. Lanford, J. Quadagno
ABSTRACT In the United States, race and racism are woven into the very fabric of the welfare state. Racial antipathy has undermined public support for benefits perceived as favoring African Americans and has resulted in significant cuts in programs for the poor. Recently, some studies have found that public discussion on immigration has linked attitudes toward Hispanics and illegal immigrants with preferences toward programs once overwhelmingly influenced by racial attitudes. Building on this literature, the present study assesses the effect of racial and ethnic attitudes on state policy outcomes. Specifically, we examine Medicaid eligibility criteria for four categories of beneficiaries, ranked by level of perceived deservingness. We find that eligibility limits are most generous for children, followed by pregnant women and parents. Benefits for “other adults” (low-income non-parents aged 18–64) are subject to more stringent eligibility criteria or entirely unavailable. In contrast with the limits for other groups, the primary attitudinal predictors of Medicaid eligibility limits for the “other adults” category are antipathy toward Blacks, Hispanics, and illegal immigrants. These results confirm that perceptions of deservingness are a central component of U.S. social policy and demonstrate that material policy outcomes – not just policy preferences – are substantially shaped by attitudes toward Hispanics and immigrants as well as African Americans.
{"title":"Identifying the Undeserving Poor: The Effect of Racial, Ethnic, and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment on State Medicaid Eligibility","authors":"D. Lanford, J. Quadagno","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1797596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1797596","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the United States, race and racism are woven into the very fabric of the welfare state. Racial antipathy has undermined public support for benefits perceived as favoring African Americans and has resulted in significant cuts in programs for the poor. Recently, some studies have found that public discussion on immigration has linked attitudes toward Hispanics and illegal immigrants with preferences toward programs once overwhelmingly influenced by racial attitudes. Building on this literature, the present study assesses the effect of racial and ethnic attitudes on state policy outcomes. Specifically, we examine Medicaid eligibility criteria for four categories of beneficiaries, ranked by level of perceived deservingness. We find that eligibility limits are most generous for children, followed by pregnant women and parents. Benefits for “other adults” (low-income non-parents aged 18–64) are subject to more stringent eligibility criteria or entirely unavailable. In contrast with the limits for other groups, the primary attitudinal predictors of Medicaid eligibility limits for the “other adults” category are antipathy toward Blacks, Hispanics, and illegal immigrants. These results confirm that perceptions of deservingness are a central component of U.S. social policy and demonstrate that material policy outcomes – not just policy preferences – are substantially shaped by attitudes toward Hispanics and immigrants as well as African Americans.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1797596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48169982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1865115
Radha Modi, A. A. Sewell
ABSTRACT This study identifies socioeconomic factors that contribute to wealth advantages or disadvantages across ethnoracial groups in early adulthoods during the Great Recession. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that current and childhood social class partially explain racial disparities in debt, assets, and assistance with housing payments but do little to account for disparities in homeownership. These results underscore the life course perspective that wealth inequality disrupts the maintenance of successful adulthood for minority racial groups. Ethnoracial disparities in homeownership are a critical lever of the wealth-race gap later in adulthood.
{"title":"Unequal Early Adulthoods: Racial and Ethnic Wealth Disparities during the Great Recession","authors":"Radha Modi, A. A. Sewell","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1865115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1865115","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study identifies socioeconomic factors that contribute to wealth advantages or disadvantages across ethnoracial groups in early adulthoods during the Great Recession. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that current and childhood social class partially explain racial disparities in debt, assets, and assistance with housing payments but do little to account for disparities in homeownership. These results underscore the life course perspective that wealth inequality disrupts the maintenance of successful adulthood for minority racial groups. Ethnoracial disparities in homeownership are a critical lever of the wealth-race gap later in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"21 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1865115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42924183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-21DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1870415
M. Carolan
ABSTRACT This article is based on research conducted in Colorado in late-2019 and again post-COVID outbreak, from April through May of 2020. In addition to (virtual) face-to-face interviews, the study used a GPS tracking app to map respondents’ macromobilities – trips from one GPS coordinate to another. The data presented are informed by practice theory. The paper’s findings focus on the themes of competencies, moralities, and mobilities. Gender proved a particularly significant variable for disentangling the diversity and contingency involved in the social effects of the pandemic, while also stressing the continuities of practice for some, and disruptions for others.
{"title":"COVID-19’s Impact on Gendered Household Food Practices: Eating and Feeding as Expressions of Competencies, Moralities, and Mobilities","authors":"M. Carolan","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1870415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1870415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is based on research conducted in Colorado in late-2019 and again post-COVID outbreak, from April through May of 2020. In addition to (virtual) face-to-face interviews, the study used a GPS tracking app to map respondents’ macromobilities – trips from one GPS coordinate to another. The data presented are informed by practice theory. The paper’s findings focus on the themes of competencies, moralities, and mobilities. Gender proved a particularly significant variable for disentangling the diversity and contingency involved in the social effects of the pandemic, while also stressing the continuities of practice for some, and disruptions for others.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"449 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1870415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47820333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-11DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1860724
A. Igarashi
ABSTRACT Do multicultural policies affect natives’ attitudes toward immigrants? I investigate whether cross-country differences and within-country changes in multicultural policies are associated with natives’ negative attitudes toward immigrants and to whom the effects are noticeable. The results of multilevel longitudinal analysis indicate that neither cross-country differences nor within-country changes in multicultural policies are directly relevant to natives’ negative attitudes toward immigrants. However, cross-country differences in multicultural policies are negatively associated with the gap in negative attitudes between natives on the political right and left, while within-country changes in multicultural policies are positively associated with negative attitudes among socioeconomically vulnerable people.
{"title":"Threats and Norms: Multicultural Policies and Natives’ Attitudes Towards Immigrants","authors":"A. Igarashi","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1860724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1860724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do multicultural policies affect natives’ attitudes toward immigrants? I investigate whether cross-country differences and within-country changes in multicultural policies are associated with natives’ negative attitudes toward immigrants and to whom the effects are noticeable. The results of multilevel longitudinal analysis indicate that neither cross-country differences nor within-country changes in multicultural policies are directly relevant to natives’ negative attitudes toward immigrants. However, cross-country differences in multicultural policies are negatively associated with the gap in negative attitudes between natives on the political right and left, while within-country changes in multicultural policies are positively associated with negative attitudes among socioeconomically vulnerable people.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"426 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1860724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1850189
F. C. Mencken, C. Bader, Jihong Zhao
ABSTRACT In this article, we propose that fear of crime has nonadditive and curvilinear effects on community engagement, and that this relationship varies by gender. We test our propositions utilizing the 2015 Chapman Survey of American Fears, Wave 2. We find that fear of crime has a linear positive relationship with community engagement for men. For women, we find a curvilinear relationship. At low and average levels of fear, there is a positive relationship between fear of crime and community engagement. At very high level of fear, there is a negative relationship. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
{"title":"Fear of Crime on Community Engagement: Nonadditive and Nonlinear Effects by Gender","authors":"F. C. Mencken, C. Bader, Jihong Zhao","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1850189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1850189","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we propose that fear of crime has nonadditive and curvilinear effects on community engagement, and that this relationship varies by gender. We test our propositions utilizing the 2015 Chapman Survey of American Fears, Wave 2. We find that fear of crime has a linear positive relationship with community engagement for men. For women, we find a curvilinear relationship. At low and average levels of fear, there is a positive relationship between fear of crime and community engagement. At very high level of fear, there is a negative relationship. Implications for theory and research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"379 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1850189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58950433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1863735
M. A. Long, Andrew S. Fullerton, Jonathan S. Coley
{"title":"Letter from the New Editorial Team","authors":"M. A. Long, Andrew S. Fullerton, Jonathan S. Coley","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1863735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1863735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1863735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1787111
Fruzsina Albert, Beáta Dávid, G. Hajdú, É. Huszti
ABSTRACT This article analyzes how the theory of constraints, the socio-emotional and functional selectivity theories can explain the egocentric networks of older adults. The contact diary method is applied on a randomly chosen subsample of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample in Hungary enumerating all active ties and encounters with social contacts of 181 adults aged 50 and above. Age is negatively associated with network size, but it is positively correlated with average tie strength. Retirement, declining health, and death of the partner act as external constraints, and are associated with a shrinking network. Our results support the socio-emotional selectivity theory, but not the functional selectivity theory.
{"title":"Egocentric Contact Networks of Older Adults: Featuring Quantity, Strength and Function of Ties","authors":"Fruzsina Albert, Beáta Dávid, G. Hajdú, É. Huszti","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1787111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1787111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes how the theory of constraints, the socio-emotional and functional selectivity theories can explain the egocentric networks of older adults. The contact diary method is applied on a randomly chosen subsample of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample in Hungary enumerating all active ties and encounters with social contacts of 181 adults aged 50 and above. Age is negatively associated with network size, but it is positively correlated with average tie strength. Retirement, declining health, and death of the partner act as external constraints, and are associated with a shrinking network. Our results support the socio-emotional selectivity theory, but not the functional selectivity theory.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"623 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1787111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42470790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1841585
Laura A. Bray, Nicholas J. Membrez‐Weiler, Thomas E. Shriver
ABSTRACT Prior research on legal repression shows how elites use criminal law to demobilize collective challenges, yet social control efforts based in civil law have received inadequate attention. In this study, we develop the concept of elite legal framing to examine how corporations deploy “soft” forms of repression within the civil justice system. Drawing on court, government, and media documents, we analyze a series of transnational civil litigation cases over pesticide exposure on Dole-contracted banana plantations in Nicaragua. Results highlight how the corporate defendants promoted a corruption narrative that diffused through the media and legal system to successfully discredit farmworker claims.
{"title":"Agrochemical Exposure & Environmental Illness: Legal Repression of Latin American Banana Workers","authors":"Laura A. Bray, Nicholas J. Membrez‐Weiler, Thomas E. Shriver","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1841585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1841585","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prior research on legal repression shows how elites use criminal law to demobilize collective challenges, yet social control efforts based in civil law have received inadequate attention. In this study, we develop the concept of elite legal framing to examine how corporations deploy “soft” forms of repression within the civil justice system. Drawing on court, government, and media documents, we analyze a series of transnational civil litigation cases over pesticide exposure on Dole-contracted banana plantations in Nicaragua. Results highlight how the corporate defendants promoted a corruption narrative that diffused through the media and legal system to successfully discredit farmworker claims.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"63 1","pages":"359 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1841585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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