Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1820918
D. Pettinicchio, M. Maroto
ABSTRACT This article addresses whether and how unions help to dismantle workplace inequality experienced by people with different types of disabilities. Using pooled 2009–2018 CPS MORG data of 630,799 respondents covering almost a decade, we find that union membership benefits workers with disabilities more than other groups and workers with the severest disabilities benefit the most from being in unionized work. Because union membership increases disabled workers’ weekly earnings by more than double the increase experienced by people without disabilities, it brings unionized disabled workers closer to overall average earnings with important implications for inequality. Unionized work reduces earnings inequality between disabled and non-disabled workers, but earnings boosts associated with union membership generate more pronounced inequality within groups of workers with disabilities depending on whether individuals have access to unionized employment. We find that gaps among employed unionized and nonunionized disabled workers are significantly larger than those experienced by unionized and nonunionized female, Black, and Hispanic workers.
{"title":"Combating Inequality: The Between- and Within-Group Effects of Unionization on Earnings for People with Different Disabilities","authors":"D. Pettinicchio, M. Maroto","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1820918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1820918","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article addresses whether and how unions help to dismantle workplace inequality experienced by people with different types of disabilities. Using pooled 2009–2018 CPS MORG data of 630,799 respondents covering almost a decade, we find that union membership benefits workers with disabilities more than other groups and workers with the severest disabilities benefit the most from being in unionized work. Because union membership increases disabled workers’ weekly earnings by more than double the increase experienced by people without disabilities, it brings unionized disabled workers closer to overall average earnings with important implications for inequality. Unionized work reduces earnings inequality between disabled and non-disabled workers, but earnings boosts associated with union membership generate more pronounced inequality within groups of workers with disabilities depending on whether individuals have access to unionized employment. We find that gaps among employed unionized and nonunionized disabled workers are significantly larger than those experienced by unionized and nonunionized female, Black, and Hispanic workers.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"763 - 787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1820918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49067385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1756518
Abdi M. Kusow, M. Delisi
ABSTRACT Research on prejudice has historically employed Blumer’s group position as a theoretical alternative to Allport’s group conflict in understanding prejudice against members of minority groups. Our purpose in this study is to extend the theoretical parameters of group position into the domain of immigration by defining prejudice in terms of non-immigrant Americans versus immigrants. We find cultural identity threat and subjective economic threat are more significant in informing attitudes toward immigration than objective economic threat. This finding is consistent with and confirms Blumer’s argument that prejudice as a sense of group position is primarily derived from feelings, and is therefore subjective in nature.
{"title":"Attitudes toward Immigration as a Sense of Group Position","authors":"Abdi M. Kusow, M. Delisi","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1756518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756518","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research on prejudice has historically employed Blumer’s group position as a theoretical alternative to Allport’s group conflict in understanding prejudice against members of minority groups. Our purpose in this study is to extend the theoretical parameters of group position into the domain of immigration by defining prejudice in terms of non-immigrant Americans versus immigrants. We find cultural identity threat and subjective economic threat are more significant in informing attitudes toward immigration than objective economic threat. This finding is consistent with and confirms Blumer’s argument that prejudice as a sense of group position is primarily derived from feelings, and is therefore subjective in nature.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"323 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42900452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1773350
B. O’Neill, M. J. Schneider
ABSTRACT The American public is split on support for hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”). This study seeks to better understand fracking attitudes by predicting support via economic, environmental, and public health concern. We find support for fracking is intertwined with political partisanship. We show those identifying as “other” political party are significantly more likely to claim “don’t know” in response to questions of fracking support. However, fracking attitudes are not solely the product of political ideology, but also of perceived effects on the environment, the economy, and especially public health.
{"title":"A Public Health Frame for Fracking? Predicting Public Support for Hydraulic Fracturing","authors":"B. O’Neill, M. J. Schneider","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1773350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The American public is split on support for hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”). This study seeks to better understand fracking attitudes by predicting support via economic, environmental, and public health concern. We find support for fracking is intertwined with political partisanship. We show those identifying as “other” political party are significantly more likely to claim “don’t know” in response to questions of fracking support. However, fracking attitudes are not solely the product of political ideology, but also of perceived effects on the environment, the economy, and especially public health.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"439 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1756520
Jeff Manza, Clem Brooks
ABSTRACT Four decades of rising incomes at the top, combined with income stagnation and declining intergenerational social mobility for the majority of American households, have combined to produce what has been widely described as a “new gilded age” in the United States. Yet analyses of the best available survey data reveal little evidence of a proportional increase in policy demands for redistribution over time. What explains this puzzling pattern of non-responsiveness? One classical explanation, revived in recent economic literature, postulates that high and persisting levels of optimism about the chances for advancement and social mobility reduce Americans’ willingness to support redistributive public policies. Although seemingly paradoxical in the current economic environment, the “prospect of upward mobility” (POUM) hypothesis is consistent with cross-national survey evidence revealing relatively high levels of support for such beliefs. What about trends over-time? This raises an important and largely unexamined question: Have underlying beliefs about POUM also shaped Americans’ attitudes toward redistributive policies during the era of rising inequality? In this paper, we examine the POUM-policy preference link, and how it has changed in recent decades. We find that POUM beliefs have shaped how individuals form policy attitudes toward inequality and taxes, net of partisanship, income, and confidence in government. Study findings provide new and provocative evidence in support of the POUM hypothesis, and we discuss implications for models of inequality attitudes and more generally scholarship on the politics of rising inequality.
{"title":"Mobility Optimism in an Age of Rising Inequality","authors":"Jeff Manza, Clem Brooks","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1756520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756520","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Four decades of rising incomes at the top, combined with income stagnation and declining intergenerational social mobility for the majority of American households, have combined to produce what has been widely described as a “new gilded age” in the United States. Yet analyses of the best available survey data reveal little evidence of a proportional increase in policy demands for redistribution over time. What explains this puzzling pattern of non-responsiveness? One classical explanation, revived in recent economic literature, postulates that high and persisting levels of optimism about the chances for advancement and social mobility reduce Americans’ willingness to support redistributive public policies. Although seemingly paradoxical in the current economic environment, the “prospect of upward mobility” (POUM) hypothesis is consistent with cross-national survey evidence revealing relatively high levels of support for such beliefs. What about trends over-time? This raises an important and largely unexamined question: Have underlying beliefs about POUM also shaped Americans’ attitudes toward redistributive policies during the era of rising inequality? In this paper, we examine the POUM-policy preference link, and how it has changed in recent decades. We find that POUM beliefs have shaped how individuals form policy attitudes toward inequality and taxes, net of partisanship, income, and confidence in government. Study findings provide new and provocative evidence in support of the POUM hypothesis, and we discuss implications for models of inequality attitudes and more generally scholarship on the politics of rising inequality.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"343 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2019.1625733
Mehr Latif, Kathleen Blee, Matthew DeMichele, Pete Simi, S. Alexander
ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between becoming disillusioned with racist ideas and/or groups and the decision to leave organize white supremacism. We explore a classical sociological puzzle about the indeterminate ways that beliefs and actions inform each other. Drawing on a unique dataset from in-depth interviews with former members of U.S. white supremacist groups, we examine disillusionment and exit in a volatile social world in which both beliefs and actions often change abruptly.
{"title":"Why White Supremacist Women Become Disillusioned, and Why They Leave","authors":"Mehr Latif, Kathleen Blee, Matthew DeMichele, Pete Simi, S. Alexander","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2019.1625733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2019.1625733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the relationship between becoming disillusioned with racist ideas and/or groups and the decision to leave organize white supremacism. We explore a classical sociological puzzle about the indeterminate ways that beliefs and actions inform each other. Drawing on a unique dataset from in-depth interviews with former members of U.S. white supremacist groups, we examine disillusionment and exit in a volatile social world in which both beliefs and actions often change abruptly.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"61 1","pages":"367 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2019.1625733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43885573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1773351
M. May, L. Treviño, Eufemia B. Garcia
ABSTRACT This article tells the story forged from a research partnership among the authors and their respective organizations over two decades of partnership, of research practiced in a different key than many who engage in research have chosen. Building on Michael Burawoy’s (Burawoy 2005) articulation of public sociology, we present a protocol about a “way” of practicing public sociology, about human qualities by which and through which community-based research can be practiced, and what the authors have come to understand as the “heart and soul” of practicing sociological research.
{"title":"Discerning the Heart and Soul of Public Sociology","authors":"M. May, L. Treviño, Eufemia B. Garcia","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1773351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article tells the story forged from a research partnership among the authors and their respective organizations over two decades of partnership, of research practiced in a different key than many who engage in research have chosen. Building on Michael Burawoy’s (Burawoy 2005) articulation of public sociology, we present a protocol about a “way” of practicing public sociology, about human qualities by which and through which community-based research can be practiced, and what the authors have come to understand as the “heart and soul” of practicing sociological research.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"61 1","pages":"588 - 608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1773349
J. Lee
ABSTRACT Although support for the legalization of same-sex marriage was widely shared among the LGB community, the reasons for that support among LGB individuals from different socio-demographic backgrounds are poorly understood. To fill this gap, I investigate the relationship between race and perceptions of same-sex marriage legalization among LGB racial minorities. Drawing from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality survey, two major findings emerge: First, respondents’ perception of homophobia in their respective racial communities is the most significant predictor of their perceived impact of same-sex marriage legalization. Second, characteristics explaining LGB racial minorities’ perceptions of same-sex marriage legalization are racially distinctive. Results are interpreted through a lens of the “politics of respectability” contributing to our understanding of intersectional stigmas and the social construction of race.
{"title":"Race, Same-Sex Marriage, and the Politics of Respectability among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Racial Minorities","authors":"J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1773349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although support for the legalization of same-sex marriage was widely shared among the LGB community, the reasons for that support among LGB individuals from different socio-demographic backgrounds are poorly understood. To fill this gap, I investigate the relationship between race and perceptions of same-sex marriage legalization among LGB racial minorities. Drawing from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality survey, two major findings emerge: First, respondents’ perception of homophobia in their respective racial communities is the most significant predictor of their perceived impact of same-sex marriage legalization. Second, characteristics explaining LGB racial minorities’ perceptions of same-sex marriage legalization are racially distinctive. Results are interpreted through a lens of the “politics of respectability” contributing to our understanding of intersectional stigmas and the social construction of race.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"464 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1773349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1756517
Lazarus Adua, L. Lobao
ABSTRACT This study takes a new look at place development, analyzing the power of local business actors as compared to civic society and government in localities across the United States. We address the contested question of who controls place-making with a focus on growth control land-use policies. Theoretically, we draw from sociology’s growth machine framework to provide a comparative account of business actors and to speak to puzzling findings from this literature that policies ostensibly designed to stymie growth across places often promote it. Our study is based on more than 1,700 localities. We find that while business actors call the shots on economic development policy, they appear essentially apathetic about land-use policy. This suggests that land-use policies may be carefully designed to accommodate growth machine business interests. Local governments set the course for land-use as well as economic development policy, but civil society actors have relatively little influence.
{"title":"The Political-Economy of Local Land-Use Policy: Place-Making and the Relative Power of Business, Civil Society, and Government","authors":"Lazarus Adua, L. Lobao","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1756517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study takes a new look at place development, analyzing the power of local business actors as compared to civic society and government in localities across the United States. We address the contested question of who controls place-making with a focus on growth control land-use policies. Theoretically, we draw from sociology’s growth machine framework to provide a comparative account of business actors and to speak to puzzling findings from this literature that policies ostensibly designed to stymie growth across places often promote it. Our study is based on more than 1,700 localities. We find that while business actors call the shots on economic development policy, they appear essentially apathetic about land-use policy. This suggests that land-use policies may be carefully designed to accommodate growth machine business interests. Local governments set the course for land-use as well as economic development policy, but civil society actors have relatively little influence.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"413 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45619788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-24DOI: 10.1080/00380253.2020.1756521
Jessica M. Sargent, Jeremy N. Thomas
ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate the experiences of Latter-day Saint college students as they navigate and negotiate the complexities associated with maintaining their beliefs about homosexuality while, at the same time, engaging in friendships with gay and lesbian persons. Based on analyzes of 30 interviews, we show that these students face conflicts of: culture versus faith; politics versus faith; and friendship versus faith. We then focus our investigation on four distinct managements strategies that these students use to respond to conflicts of friendship versus faith, including: avoidance; hate the sin, love the sinner; agency; and differential moral responsibility. We situate these findings in relation to the broader literature, especially that of contact theory, and we explore the implications of our research for how cultural and social differences can be navigated and negotiated at both the micro and macro levels.
{"title":"Friendship versus Faith: How Latter-day Saint College Students Manage the Conflicts between Their Beliefs about Homosexuality and Their Friendships with Gay and Lesbian Persons","authors":"Jessica M. Sargent, Jeremy N. Thomas","doi":"10.1080/00380253.2020.1756521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756521","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate the experiences of Latter-day Saint college students as they navigate and negotiate the complexities associated with maintaining their beliefs about homosexuality while, at the same time, engaging in friendships with gay and lesbian persons. Based on analyzes of 30 interviews, we show that these students face conflicts of: culture versus faith; politics versus faith; and friendship versus faith. We then focus our investigation on four distinct managements strategies that these students use to respond to conflicts of friendship versus faith, including: avoidance; hate the sin, love the sinner; agency; and differential moral responsibility. We situate these findings in relation to the broader literature, especially that of contact theory, and we explore the implications of our research for how cultural and social differences can be navigated and negotiated at both the micro and macro levels.","PeriodicalId":48007,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Quarterly","volume":"62 1","pages":"305 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00380253.2020.1756521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43405909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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