Journal of Destination Marketing & Management最新文献_第3页

Dimensions of spirituality in tourism: Developing the spiritual tourism experience scale (STES) 旅游业中的精神层面：制定精神旅游体验量表（STES）

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955

İlker Şahin , F. Özlem Güzel

Spirituality focuses on understanding the purpose of human creation and the ways to make life meaningful. The inner quest combined with travels and experiences motivated by both internal and external factors forms the core of spiritual tourism, setting it apart from religious tourism. The research primarily aims to develop, test, and validate a scale for measuring the spiritual tourism experience. The study utilizes a hypercritical scale development procedure based on the mixed research method. The data collection and processing procedure included 11 face-to-face and 42 asynchronous online interviews, 30 participant observations, a thematic analysis of 2683 tourist statements from 818 reviews, 950 questionnaires conducted on spiritual tourists, and further confirmatory factor analysis performed on PLS. The spiritual tourism experience is ultimately structured into six dimensions: "Transformation, Healing, Atmosphere, Transcendence, Escape, Divine Connectedness." The findings confirm that the 31-item "Spiritual Tourism Experience Scale (STES)" is both statistically valid and reliable. Based on the research findings, the paper presents the most comprehensive definition of spiritual tourism. The findings contradict the view that spiritual tourism is merely a subset of religious tourism. The psychometric properties of STES along with its practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the tourism industry and destination marketing framework.

精神旅游的重点在于理解人类创造的目的以及如何让生活变得更有意义。内在追求与由内外因素驱动的旅行和体验相结合，构成了精神旅游的核心，使其有别于宗教旅游。这项研究的主要目的是开发、测试和验证一个衡量心灵旅游体验的量表。研究采用了基于混合研究法的超临界量表编制程序。数据收集和处理程序包括 11 次面对面访谈和 42 次异步在线访谈、30 次参与者观察、对 818 篇评论中的 2683 份游客陈述进行主题分析、对灵性游客进行 950 份问卷调查，以及进一步使用 PLS 进行确认性因子分析。灵性旅游体验最终分为六个维度："转变、治愈、氛围、超越、逃离、神圣联系"。研究结果证实，31 个项目的 "心灵旅游体验量表（STES）"在统计上是有效和可靠的。根据研究结果，本文提出了灵性旅游最全面的定义。研究结果与精神旅游仅仅是宗教旅游的一个分支的观点相矛盾。本文在旅游业和目的地营销框架内讨论了 "心灵旅游体验量表 "的心理测量特性及其实践和理论意义。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding engagement with Instagram posts about tourism destinations 了解 Instagram 上有关旅游目的地帖子的参与情况

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100948

Sofía Blanco-Moreno , Ana M. González-Fernández , Pablo Antonio Muñoz-Gallego , Luis V. Casaló

This study analyses the social media engagement (SME) received by Instagram posts from a tourism destination based on communication and mental imagery theories. This research considers both the type of sender (tourists vs. residents) and the content of the message (pictorial stimuli: places of interest vs. hospitality services; centricity stimuli: people vs. without people). Web scraping technique is used for data collection. Content analysis is then applied on 27,088 Instagram posts using artificial intelligence techniques (machine learning and deep learning); and a univariate generalized linear model is conducted to analyze differences in SME. Results show that pictorial stimulus determines SME, being higher for images focused on places of interest, and photographs with people get higher SME too. The type of sender also influences SME and exerts a moderating role reinforcing the effect of centricity on SME for tourists. These results provide interesting insights for destination marketing managers and Instagram users.

本研究基于传播和心理意象理论，分析了旅游目的地 Instagram 帖子的社交媒体参与度（SME）。本研究同时考虑了发送者类型（游客与居民）和信息内容（图片刺激：名胜古迹与接待服务；中心性刺激：有人与无人）。数据收集采用了网络刮擦技术。然后使用人工智能技术（机器学习和深度学习）对 27,088 条 Instagram 帖子进行内容分析，并采用单变量广义线性模型分析 SME 的差异。结果表明，图片刺激决定了 SME，关注景点的图片 SME 更高，有人物的照片 SME 也更高。发送者的类型也会影响中小型企业，并发挥调节作用，加强中心性对游客中小型企业的影响。这些结果为目的地营销经理和 Instagram 用户提供了有趣的启示。

引用次数: 0

Sense of confinement and preferences of virtually-delivered tourism offerings: A tale of two stories 虚拟旅游产品的局限感和偏好：两个故事的故事

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100964

Yiran Liu, Xinran Lehto

Scholarly focus on virtual tourism's substitutability has traditionally been on inaccessible destinations (e.g. extinct sites, overly-toured places). The COVID-19 pandemic, however, highlighted its relevance for individuals experiencing confinement. This study uses the pandemic as a natural laboratory to explore how a sense of confinement—stemming from either limited mobility (capability-induced) or unmet travel aspirations (aspiration-induced)—influences the acceptance of reality-based, virtually-delivered tourism offerings. This study employed a multi-method approach to address two objectives. One objective is to understand whether and how an individual's sense of confinement plays a role in their virtual tourism adoption intent and their desire to physically visit a destination through the mediation of perceived substitutability. The survey results demonstrate that capability-induced confinement enhances the perceived substitutability of virtual tourism, thereby increasing future adoption intentions. In contrast, aspiration-induced confinement does not exhibit the same effect. Notably, individuals still show a desire to physically visit places they have toured virtually. The other objective is to develop a baseline understanding of what virtual experience design features may be preferred by consumers with various degrees of sense of confinement. The conjoint analysis reveals a strong preference for socialization features in virtual tourism design.

学者们对虚拟旅游可替代性的关注历来集中在难以到达的目的地（如已灭绝的遗址、游人如织的地方）。然而，COVID-19 大流行病凸显了虚拟旅游与经历禁闭的个人的相关性。本研究将这一流行病作为一个自然实验室，以探索因行动不便（能力诱发）或旅游愿望未实现（愿望诱发）而产生的束缚感如何影响人们对基于现实的虚拟旅游产品的接受程度。本研究采用多种方法来实现两个目标。一个目标是了解个人的束缚感是否以及如何通过感知可替代性的中介作用，影响他们采用虚拟旅游的意愿以及实际游览目的地的愿望。调查结果表明，由能力引起的封闭感增强了虚拟旅游的可替代性感知，从而提高了未来的采用意愿。相比之下，愿望诱导的限制并没有表现出同样的效果。值得注意的是，个人仍然表现出希望实际游览他们通过虚拟方式游览过的地方。另一个目标是了解具有不同程度束缚感的消费者可能偏好哪些虚拟体验设计特征。联合分析表明，消费者对虚拟旅游设计中的社交功能有着强烈的偏好。

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引用次数: 0

Typical or novel? The influence mechanism of tourism cultural and creative products’ appearance style on tourists’ willingness to pay a premium 典型还是新颖？旅游文创产品外观风格对游客溢价意愿的影响机制

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100954

Wan-Ya Zhang , Shu-Ning Zhang , Yong-Quan Li , Wen-Qi Ruan , Yan Zhou , Xiao-Bing Feng

Based on sensory marketing theory, this study conducted three experiments to examine the differentiation effects and types of appearance styles. The results indicate that tourism cultural and creative products with novel (vs. typical) appearance styles have a more positive effect on tourists’ willingness to pay a premium. Moreover, perceived innovation and cultural value play jointly mediating roles between tourism cultural and creative products and tourists’ willingness to pay a premium. Additionally, under demand-based scarcity conditions, tourists are more willing to pay a premium for products with novel (vs. typical) styles. However, under supply-based scarcity conditions, the tourism cultural and creative products’ appearance style does not affect tourists’ willingness to pay a premium.

本研究以感官营销理论为基础，通过三个实验考察了外观风格的差异化效应和类型。结果表明，外观风格新颖（相对于典型）的旅游文化创意产品对游客的溢价意愿有更积极的影响。此外，感知创新和文化价值在旅游文创产品与游客溢价意愿之间发挥着共同的中介作用。此外，在基于需求的稀缺条件下，游客更愿意为风格新颖（相对于典型）的产品支付溢价。然而，在基于供给的稀缺条件下，旅游文化创意产品的外观风格并不影响游客的溢价意愿。

引用次数: 0

How smartness affects customer-based brand equity in rural tourism destinations 智能化如何影响乡村旅游目的地基于顾客的品牌资产

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100949

Inés Sustacha , José Francisco Baños-Pino , Eduardo Del Valle

In recent years, planning and management through smart destinations has attracted great academic interest by including the dimensions of technology, innovation, accessibility, sustainability and governance. However, until now, research has focused on the conceptualisation of smart tourism itself and on aspects such as the tourism experience, technology or sustainability, ignoring the ability of smart tourism to develop competitive advantages through brand equity. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of smart management on destination brand equity. To do this, a survey was conducted with 406 tourists and residents in Castropol, a rural municipality in northern Spain recognised as a smart destination, and a PLS-SEM model was estimated. The results show a direct positive impact on destination awareness and perceived quality; moreover, the effects on destination loyalty are mediated by perceived quality and destination image. This research highlights that rural areas can also benefit from smart strategies. It also emphasises the need to adopt responsible sustainability practices, involve local authorities and engage residents to create a more attractive destination brand.

近年来，通过智慧旅游目的地进行规划和管理引起了学术界的极大兴趣，其中包括技术、创新、可及性、可持续性和治理等方面。然而，到目前为止，研究主要集中在智慧旅游本身的概念化，以及旅游体验、技术或可持续性等方面，忽视了智慧旅游通过品牌资产发展竞争优势的能力。本文旨在研究智慧管理对目的地品牌资产的影响。为此，我们对 406 名游客和卡斯特罗波尔（西班牙北部一个被公认为智慧旅游目的地的农村市镇）的居民进行了调查，并对 PLS-SEM 模型进行了估计。结果表明，对目的地认知度和感知质量有直接的积极影响；此外，对目的地忠诚度的影响受感知质量和目的地形象的调节。这项研究强调，农村地区也可以从智能战略中受益。研究还强调，有必要采取负责任的可持续发展做法，让地方当局参与进来，并让居民参与进来，以创建更具吸引力的目的地品牌。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond attraction: Unveiling Bali's cultural community's role in bolstering tourism resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic 超越景点：揭示巴厘岛文化界在 COVID-19 疫情中为增强旅游业抗灾能力所发挥的作用

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100953

Margaretha Hanita , Febby Dt. Bangso , Mukti Aprian

The unique culture of a society is often used as the basis for developing tourism. However, cultural research attached to society seems to only see it as a ‘package,’ not the main essence of that culture. In the context of a crisis, especially the Covid-19 pandemic, Balinese culture has developed into a tool for building resilient tourism. This assumption serves as the foundational premise for this research, aimed at mapping and identifying the variables driving tourism community resilience. The research focuses on Bali, Indonesia's premier tourist destination, and engages six types of tourism stakeholders. Employing a modified approach that combines soft system methodology (SSM) and network analysis, several insights emerge regarding establishing tourism community resilience. The social-cultural dimension, particularly social collectivism, appears as a pivotal factor for the resurgence of tourism during times of crisis. Social collectivism plays a role in restoring resilience cycles in the context of sustainable tourism. The result recommended that it is crucial to comprehend destinations at various levels, ranging from the individual to the state level, to attain tourism community resilience. Establishing sustainable tourism does not imply the centralization of tourism but rather focuses on integrating tourism seamlessly into the existing social-ecological system.

一个社会的独特文化往往被用作发展旅游业的基础。然而，依附于社会的文化研究似乎只将其视为一种 "包装"，而非该文化的主要精髓。在危机背景下，尤其是在 Covid-19 大流行的情况下，巴厘岛文化已发展成为建设具有抗灾能力的旅游业的工具。这一假设是本研究的基本前提，旨在绘制和确定推动旅游社区复原力的变量。研究以印尼首屈一指的旅游胜地巴厘岛为重点，涉及六类旅游业利益相关者。通过采用软系统方法论（SSM）和网络分析相结合的改进方法，我们得出了关于建立旅游社区复原力的若干见解。社会文化层面，尤其是社会集体主义，似乎是危机时期旅游业恢复的关键因素。在可持续旅游业的背景下，社会集体主义在恢复复原力循环方面发挥着作用。研究结果表明，要实现旅游社区的恢复力，关键是要从个人到国家等不同层面来理解旅游目的地。建立可持续旅游业并不意味着旅游业的集中化，而是侧重于将旅游业无缝融入现有的社会生态系统。

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引用次数: 0

Perception disparity: Analyzing the destination image of Uzbekistan among residents and non-visitors 认知差异：分析乌兹别克斯坦居民和非游客的目的地形象

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100946

Florian J. Eitzenberger, Tatjana Thimm

Destination image is a crucial aspect of tourism research. Although extensively studied, recent research highlights the need to explore residents' views and non-visitors' perceptions of destinations. This study aims to address this gap by contrasting Resident Destination Image (RDI) with Tourist Destination Image (TDI) among non-visitors, using Uzbekistan as a case study. The research investigates how Uzbekistan is perceived by its residents in Samarkand and non-visitors in Germany, employing a mixed-method approach of surveys, focus group discussions, and observations. Findings reveal a significant divergence between the positive self-perception of residents and the often unclear or negative image held by non-visitors. The study underscores the influence of stereotypes on non-visitors' perceptions and the need for targeted marketing to bridge the gap between RDI and TDI to unlock the country's untapped tourism potential. The results suggest that enhancing the destination's image through informed marketing strategies can attract more international tourists and support the country's tourism development.

目的地形象是旅游研究的一个重要方面。尽管研究范围广泛，但最近的研究强调有必要探讨居民和非游客对目的地的看法。本研究以乌兹别克斯坦为案例，通过对比居民目的地形象 (RDI) 和非游客旅游目的地形象 (TDI)，旨在填补这一空白。研究采用调查、焦点小组讨论和观察等混合方法，调查了撒马尔罕居民和德国非游客对乌兹别克斯坦的看法。研究结果表明，居民的积极自我认知与非游客的不明确或消极形象之间存在巨大差异。研究强调了刻板印象对非游客认知的影响，以及有必要进行有针对性的营销，以弥合 RDI 与 TDI 之间的差距，从而释放该国尚未开发的旅游潜力。研究结果表明，通过明智的营销策略提升旅游目的地的形象可以吸引更多的国际游客，支持该国旅游业的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Women travelers and social media: Charting the path to economic and entrepreneurial opportunities 女性旅行者与社交媒体：规划通往经济和创业机会的道路

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100952

Tasneem Binte Morshed, Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara

An increasing number of studies have emerged to analyze the growing phenomenon of women travelers and their active participation on social media, especially dedicated to its psychological aspects. However, its economic and entrepreneurial implications have been mostly neglected. The objective of this study is to develop a two-facet theoretical framework on how lay women travelers become entrepreneurial travel influencers. A systematic literature review of 177 academic articles has been conducted and classified into 3 categories namely women-focused, gender-focused, and gender-variable. Topic modeling was applied to identify the top 5 topics from each category and concluded that previous works examining the economic and entrepreneurial prospects of women travelers from a destination marketing perspective are scarce, especially among the women-focused studies. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the holistic factors related to women travelers on social media, offering significant insights for destination marketing and entrepreneurial aspects within a broader economic context.

越来越多的研究分析了女性旅行者日益增多的现象及其在社交媒体上的积极参与，尤其是对其心理方面的研究。然而，其对经济和创业的影响却大多被忽视。本研究的目的是就非专业女性旅行者如何成为创业型旅行影响者建立一个两方面的理论框架。我们对 177 篇学术文章进行了系统的文献综述，并将其分为三类，即以女性为中心、以性别为中心和性别变量。通过主题建模，确定了每个类别中的前 5 个主题，并得出结论：以前从目的地营销角度研究女性游客的经济和创业前景的作品很少，尤其是在以女性为重点的研究中。本研究首次对社交媒体上与女性游客相关的整体因素进行了全面评估，在更广泛的经济背景下为目的地营销和创业方面提供了重要启示。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal-fit model of risk perception and travel-related behaviors during a global pandemic 全球大流行病期间风险认知和旅行相关行为的最优拟合模型

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100958

Bingjie Liu-Lastres , Yang Yang , Carol X. Zhang

Risk perception research plays a critical role in tourism studies, given its ability to shape the appeal and viability of destinations. There has been a surge in research on tourism risk perception and travel-related behaviors due to the pandemic. This context offers a unique opportunity to review and aggregate risk perception studies to identify behavior patterns and changes. Accordingly, this study adopted the PSALSAR framework to analyze these studies, which consists of a synthesized literature review and a meta-analysis of tests involving competing theoretical models. The synthesis revealed the various behavioral outcomes and diverse theoretical backgrounds included in the sample. Our meta-analysis uncovered the model with an optimal fit and delineated the relationships among tourists' cognitive and affective risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, and behavior across different stages. This study offers theoretical and empirical insights into the effects of tourists' risk perception attitude variables. Findings can inform more effective tourism crisis management strategies for destination management and marketing.

风险认知研究在旅游研究中发挥着至关重要的作用，因为它能够影响旅游目的地的吸引力和可行性。受大流行病影响，有关旅游风险认知和旅游相关行为的研究激增。这一背景为回顾和汇总风险认知研究提供了一个独特的机会，以确定行为模式和变化。因此，本研究采用了 PSALSAR 框架来分析这些研究，该框架包括文献综述和涉及相互竞争的理论模型的元分析测试。综述揭示了样本中的各种行为结果和不同的理论背景。我们的荟萃分析发现了最佳拟合模型，并勾勒出游客在不同阶段的认知和情感风险感知、效能信念和行为之间的关系。本研究为游客风险认知态度变量的影响提供了理论和实证见解。研究结果可为目的地管理和营销提供更有效的旅游危机管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of liquor and wine heritage stimuli on tourists’ experiential value and behavioral intentions 酒和葡萄酒遗产刺激对游客体验价值和行为意向的影响

IF 8.9 2区管理学 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Journal of Destination Marketing & Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100961

Qiushi Gu , Minglong Li , Seongseop Sam Kim

Liquor and wine heritage tourism has become increasingly popular. To improve our understanding of this phenomenon, this study developed a theoretical framework for this study by integrating the pre, mid- and postvisit stages on the basis of the stimulus‒organism‒response (SOR) model and brand equity theory. We conducted 60 in-depth interviews and received 618 survey responses, thus allowing us to develop a factor structure for onsite stimuli that included 26 items across six dimensions. The study identified the significant impacts of onsite stimulus factors and previsit product attachment on experiential value, product reliability and the resulting behaviors. Accordingly, this mixed-method study contextualized brand equity in terms of various dimensions by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework for visits to liquor and wine heritage sites. The results of this study also have practical implications regarding ways of designing and reinforcing onsite stimulus factors, creating interactive experiential scenes, increasing experiential value and enhancing brand loyalty strategies.

酒类和葡萄酒遗产旅游越来越受欢迎。为了加深我们对这一现象的理解，本研究在刺激--组织--反应（SOR）模型和品牌资产理论的基础上，通过整合参观前、中、后三个阶段，为本研究制定了一个理论框架。我们进行了 60 次深度访谈，收到了 618 份调查回复，从而建立了现场刺激因素的因子结构，包括六个维度的 26 个项目。研究确定了现场刺激因素和预访产品依恋对体验价值、产品可靠性以及由此产生的行为的重要影响。因此，这项混合方法研究从不同维度对品牌资产进行了背景分析，为参观酒类和葡萄酒遗产地建立了一个全面的理论框架。本研究的结果还对设计和强化现场刺激因素、创造互动体验场景、提高体验价值和增强品牌忠诚度的策略具有实际意义。

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引用次数: 0