Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101040
Stephen J. Page , Joanne Connell
{"title":"Promoting and advertising tourism resorts in the UK 1914–1918: A re-appraisal","authors":"Stephen J. Page , Joanne Connell","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101040"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101036
Junchuan Wang , Mimi Li , Qiuju Luo
Given the growing interest in the body–mind connection within emotion-related research in tourism, this study decodes the underlying processes of individuals' emotional experiences by considering the link between bodily expression and felt emotions. An “emotion–feeling–consciousness” (E–F–C) framework is proposed based on Damasio's theory of consciousness. Multi-site qualitative data collection took place at four Midi Music Festivals in China over two years. Participant observations were conducted to identify environmental characteristics and festivalgoers' bodily states. Then, picture-elicited interviews were conducted to capture evocative narratives about festivalgoers' emotional bodily states, subjective experiences, and streams of thought. Findings revealed three overarching themes: emotional turmoil, feeling what happened, and consciousness with self-renewal. Results contextualize feelings with cognitive responses and stress the significance of consciousness for self-renewal during emotional encounters. This study underscores the importance of embodied emotion in crafting memorable tourism experiences, encouraging practitioners to incorporate body movement and emotional engagement to enhance visitor immersion.
{"title":"From body to mind: Decoding emotional experiences at music festivals","authors":"Junchuan Wang , Mimi Li , Qiuju Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the growing interest in the body–mind connection within emotion-related research in tourism, this study decodes the underlying processes of individuals' emotional experiences by considering the link between bodily expression and felt emotions. An “emotion–feeling–consciousness” (E–F–C) framework is proposed based on Damasio's theory of consciousness. Multi-site qualitative data collection took place at four Midi Music Festivals in China over two years. Participant observations were conducted to identify environmental characteristics and festivalgoers' bodily states. Then, picture-elicited interviews were conducted to capture evocative narratives about festivalgoers' emotional bodily states, subjective experiences, and streams of thought. Findings revealed three overarching themes: emotional turmoil, feeling what happened, and consciousness with self-renewal. Results contextualize feelings with cognitive responses and stress the significance of consciousness for self-renewal during emotional encounters. This study underscores the importance of embodied emotion in crafting memorable tourism experiences, encouraging practitioners to incorporate body movement and emotional engagement to enhance visitor immersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101039
Guei-Hua Huang, Yung-Jan Cho
While many studies have explored the influence of cultural distance on international travelers' destination choices, the findings have been inconsistent and fragmented. We systematically analyze the relationship between cultural distance and destination choices by applying machine learning techniques to the comprehensive dataset provided by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). In a tree of models split in accordance with Hofstede's cultural dimensions, we find positive, negative, concave, and convex cultural distance–destination choice relationships across countries. Countries with the same pattern are grouped by the similarity of their distinctive cultural traits.
{"title":"Does cultural distance matter? A decision tree machine-learning exploration on international travellers’ destination choices","authors":"Guei-Hua Huang, Yung-Jan Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101039","url":null,"abstract":"While many studies have explored the influence of cultural distance on international travelers' destination choices, the findings have been inconsistent and fragmented. We systematically analyze the relationship between cultural distance and destination choices by applying machine learning techniques to the comprehensive dataset provided by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). In a tree of models split in accordance with Hofstede's cultural dimensions, we find positive, negative, concave, and convex cultural distance–destination choice relationships across countries. Countries with the same pattern are grouped by the similarity of their distinctive cultural traits.","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"101039"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101038
Christian Laesser , Stephan Reinhold , Pietro Beritelli
This article presents the 2024 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a state-of-the-field reflection on topics related to destination marketing and management along with a research agenda. It constitutes the fifth contribution in a series of articles initiated in 2012 based on the biennial conference of the same name. The agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations that took place at the 6th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Lucerne, Switzerland. The consensus details avenues for further research in six key areas that relate to destination governance, destination marketing, sustainable development and resilience, the role of DMOs, new technologies, and destinations and data.
{"title":"The 2024 consensus on advances in destination management","authors":"Christian Laesser , Stephan Reinhold , Pietro Beritelli","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the 2024 Consensus on Advances in Destination Management, a state-of-the-field reflection on topics related to destination marketing and management along with a research agenda. It constitutes the fifth contribution in a series of articles initiated in 2012 based on the biennial conference of the same name. The agenda is grounded in the collaborative consensus discourse methodology. To identify relevant avenues for future research, the consensus draws on three days of structured interactions among scholarly and industry experts invested in advancing the research and practice of destination marketing and management for sustainable development of tourist destinations that took place at the 6th Advances in Destination Management Forum in Lucerne, Switzerland. The consensus details avenues for further research in six key areas that relate to destination governance, destination marketing, sustainable development and resilience, the role of DMOs, new technologies, and destinations and data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101034
Federica Buffa, Umberto Martini, Paola Masotti, Diego De Santis
The paper discusses three first mover destination management organisations (DMOs) that have successfully involved local communities in achieving a common goal: Global Sustainable Tourism Council certification (specifically, the GSTC Destination Criteria, GSTC-D). The research aims to analyse the role played by the DMO in obtaining GSTC-D certification and the activities subsequently initiated to keep it. How did DMOs successfully achieve certification and what did and are they doing to involve the community? Exploratory research has been carried out to answer this question. The study adopts a qualitative approach and focuses on three destinations which were among the first in the world to obtain GSTC-D certification. Desk analysis and in-depth interviews with the DMOs took place between June and November 2022. Three main research focuses (all from the perspective of the DMOs involved) have been outlined: why and how GSTC-D certification was obtained, the challenges of maintaining GSTC-D certification, expectations post certification. The research confirms the pivotal role of DMOs and their capacity to work within non-hierarchical multi-stakeholder contexts. GSTC-D certification should be understood as a factor which facilitates and strengthens community-centred participatory processes in fragmented environments. The research adopts an inductive approach to analyse three DMOs that have successfully obtained GSTC-D. The research contributes to the wider scientific debate on the new role of DMOs and the identification of factors that foster participation in community destinations. Focusing on the role of DMOs, the research tackles a topic which has not yet been subject to in-depth analysis from a managerial perspective.
{"title":"GSTC certification and local communities. Evidence from the perspective of successful first mover DMOs","authors":"Federica Buffa, Umberto Martini, Paola Masotti, Diego De Santis","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper discusses three first mover destination management organisations (DMOs) that have successfully involved local communities in achieving a common goal: Global Sustainable Tourism Council certification (specifically, the GSTC Destination Criteria, GSTC-D). The research aims to analyse the role played by the DMO in obtaining GSTC-D certification and the activities subsequently initiated to keep it. <em>How did DMOs successfully achieve certification and what did and are they doing to involve the community?</em> Exploratory research has been carried out to answer this question. The study adopts a qualitative approach and focuses on three destinations which were among the first in the world to obtain GSTC-D certification. Desk analysis and in-depth interviews with the DMOs took place between June and November 2022. Three main research focuses (all from the perspective of the DMOs involved) have been outlined: why and how GSTC-D certification was obtained, the challenges of maintaining GSTC-D certification, expectations post certification. The research confirms the pivotal role of DMOs and their capacity to work within non-hierarchical multi-stakeholder contexts. GSTC-D certification should be understood as a factor which facilitates and strengthens community-centred participatory processes in fragmented environments. The research adopts an inductive approach to analyse three DMOs that have successfully obtained GSTC-D. The research contributes to the wider scientific debate on the new role of DMOs and the identification of factors that foster participation in community destinations. Focusing on the role of DMOs, the research tackles a topic which has not yet been subject to in-depth analysis from a managerial perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101035
Chao Liu , Jing Li , Shankai Mi , Ziang Zhang
Destination aesthetics are crucial in attracting and retaining tourists and have received considerable scholarly attention. Previous studies have overlooked the nature of the measurement of destination aesthetics by indiscriminately treating it as a unidimensional or reflective construct per conventional practice. To address this gap, this study develops a multidimensional measurement of Perceived Destination Aesthetic Quality (PDAQ), conceptualizing it as a formative construct. Through rigorous inquiry, a reflective-formative measurement consisting of 18 items and five dimensions—multi-sensory beauty, sublime, harmony, diversity, and cleanliness—is identified. The study tests this measurement within the underexplored rural tourism context and confirms its nomological validity through place attachment theory. The results reveal that perceived destination aesthetic quality significantly enhances place attachment, which mediates its effect on tourists’ post-visit behavioral intentions. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of tourism aesthetics by reconceptualizing its measurement as a formative construct and advancing knowledge of the destination aesthetic qualities, particularly in rural tourism contexts. Additionally, the study provides new insights into the broader effects of destination aesthetics on individual emotional and behavioral outcomes in rural tourism. The practical implications include actionable strategies for stakeholders to design and manage rural tourism destinations with enhanced aesthetic appeal.
{"title":"Rethinking perceived destination aesthetic quality: Formative measurement development and validation in the rural tourism context","authors":"Chao Liu , Jing Li , Shankai Mi , Ziang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Destination aesthetics are crucial in attracting and retaining tourists and have received considerable scholarly attention. Previous studies have overlooked the nature of the measurement of destination aesthetics by indiscriminately treating it as a unidimensional or reflective construct per conventional practice. To address this gap, this study develops a multidimensional measurement of Perceived Destination Aesthetic Quality (PDAQ), conceptualizing it as a formative construct. Through rigorous inquiry, a reflective-formative measurement consisting of 18 items and five dimensions—multi-sensory beauty, sublime, harmony, diversity, and cleanliness—is identified. The study tests this measurement within the underexplored rural tourism context and confirms its nomological validity through place attachment theory. The results reveal that perceived destination aesthetic quality significantly enhances place attachment, which mediates its effect on tourists’ post-visit behavioral intentions. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of tourism aesthetics by reconceptualizing its measurement as a formative construct and advancing knowledge of the destination aesthetic qualities, particularly in rural tourism contexts. Additionally, the study provides new insights into the broader effects of destination aesthetics on individual emotional and behavioral outcomes in rural tourism. The practical implications include actionable strategies for stakeholders to design and manage rural tourism destinations with enhanced aesthetic appeal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101037
Ailin Fei, Jonathon Day
{"title":"Beyond awareness: A behavioral study of travel pledges and the moderating role of environmental attitudes","authors":"Ailin Fei, Jonathon Day","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101025
Patricia Picazo , Sergio Moreno-Gil , Robin B. DiPietro , Forest Ma
Gastronomic offerings are key components of travel and destinations. However, scant research has focused on how gastronomic offerings are projected to tourists. Using signaling theory as a framework, this study investigated the presence of gastronomic offerings in 25,231 promotional photos to assess how the pictures represented the food offerings at resorts in five countries. Data were gathered from the brochures published by two leading tour operators in the European market, “TUI” and “Thomas Cook.” The results of content analysis showed that gastronomic offerings were often secondary to cultural and natural assets in brochures. In addition, the number of photos with representation of gastronomy elements increased between 2005 and 2020. Findings also revealed that functional (in a working context) and passive (people eating and drinking) food photos were predominant. Implications for academics and practitioners are discussed.
{"title":"From plate to picture: The role of gastronomic offerings in tourism marketing","authors":"Patricia Picazo , Sergio Moreno-Gil , Robin B. DiPietro , Forest Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastronomic offerings are key components of travel and destinations. However, scant research has focused on how gastronomic offerings are projected to tourists. Using signaling theory as a framework, this study investigated the presence of gastronomic offerings in 25,231 promotional photos to assess how the pictures represented the food offerings at resorts in five countries. Data were gathered from the brochures published by two leading tour operators in the European market, “TUI” and “Thomas Cook.” The results of content analysis showed that gastronomic offerings were often secondary to cultural and natural assets in brochures. In addition, the number of photos with representation of gastronomy elements increased between 2005 and 2020. Findings also revealed that functional (in a working context) and passive (people eating and drinking) food photos were predominant. Implications for academics and practitioners are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101025"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101023
Honglei Zhang , Xinying Xia , Shuying Wang , Caixia Xu , Yajin Li , Yang Yang
This study employs spatial analysis to thoroughly examine the spatial distribution of shared accommodations within urban locales and their impact on the housing market. Specifically, it explores the multifaceted influence of shared accommodations on three distinct segments of the lodging market: long-term rentals, residential housing, and star hotels. The results unveil a noteworthy and affirmative correlation between shared accommodations and housing prices. In contrast, the discernible effect on star hotel room prices is minimal, though spatially varied patterns emerge. Furthermore, this inquiry illuminates salient geographical determinants that influence the supply of shared accommodations. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay between shared accommodations and urban housing markets, underscoring the critical role of geographical heterogeneity in shaping these dynamics.
{"title":"Spatial dynamics and economic impacts of shared accommodations on urban housing and hotel markets","authors":"Honglei Zhang , Xinying Xia , Shuying Wang , Caixia Xu , Yajin Li , Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs spatial analysis to thoroughly examine the spatial distribution of shared accommodations within urban locales and their impact on the housing market. Specifically, it explores the multifaceted influence of shared accommodations on three distinct segments of the lodging market: long-term rentals, residential housing, and star hotels. The results unveil a noteworthy and affirmative correlation between shared accommodations and housing prices. In contrast, the discernible effect on star hotel room prices is minimal, though spatially varied patterns emerge. Furthermore, this inquiry illuminates salient geographical determinants that influence the supply of shared accommodations. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate interplay between shared accommodations and urban housing markets, underscoring the critical role of geographical heterogeneity in shaping these dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101022
Raphaela Stadler, Birgit Bosio, Marisa Loderer
In the realm of digital consumer behavior, there is a growing interest in audio content marketing, which has significant implications for the tourism industry. Destination marketing is pivotal in shaping a destination's image, making it essential to understand the role of tourism podcasts in marketing efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of podcasts operated by destination marketing organizations on the perceived destination image and travel intentions of podcast listeners. Quantitative data was collected through an online questionnaire (n = 413). Participants rated the destination on image and travel intention, listened to a podcast stimulus, and then rated the destination on image and travel intention a second time. The findings reveal that participants had a better perceived image of the destination after listening to the podcast than before, and this positively influenced their travel intentions. The paper discusses the practical implications of utilizing destination podcasts as an effective addition to a destination's marketing strategy, alongside a critical evaluation of the operational effort required.
{"title":"Listen to your destination: The use of podcasts in destination marketing","authors":"Raphaela Stadler, Birgit Bosio, Marisa Loderer","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of digital consumer behavior, there is a growing interest in audio content marketing, which has significant implications for the tourism industry. Destination marketing is pivotal in shaping a destination's image, making it essential to understand the role of tourism podcasts in marketing efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of podcasts operated by destination marketing organizations on the perceived destination image and travel intentions of podcast listeners. Quantitative data was collected through an online questionnaire (n = 413). Participants rated the destination on image and travel intention, listened to a podcast stimulus, and then rated the destination on image and travel intention a second time. The findings reveal that participants had a better perceived image of the destination after listening to the podcast than before, and this positively influenced their travel intentions. The paper discusses the practical implications of utilizing destination podcasts as an effective addition to a destination's marketing strategy, alongside a critical evaluation of the operational effort required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101022"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}