Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.100990
Hasan Evrim Arici, Mehmet Ali Köseoglu
This study investigates the complex drivers behind the competitiveness of global tourism destinations, employing a comprehensive machine-learning approach to analyze data from the World Economic Forum and the UNWTO for 2019 and 2021. By utilizing decision trees, random forest algorithms, and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), the research identifies key factors—such as ICT Readiness, Human Resources, Non-Leisure Resources, and Price Competitiveness—that significantly influence tourism competitiveness. Key findings indicate that ICT Readiness stands out as a critical determinant across all countries, highlighting the indispensable role of digital infrastructure in the tourism sector. For the 20 leading destinations by international arrivals, non-leisure resources and human resources are pivotal, suggesting that offering a wide array of activities and maintaining a skilled workforce are essential for a competitive edge. This research contributes valuable perspectives for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics, enriching the global dialogue on strategies for fostering competitive and sustainable tourism industries.
{"title":"What are the most influential drivers of tourism destination competitiveness?","authors":"Hasan Evrim Arici, Mehmet Ali Köseoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the complex drivers behind the competitiveness of global tourism destinations, employing a comprehensive machine-learning approach to analyze data from the World Economic Forum and the UNWTO for 2019 and 2021. By utilizing decision trees, random forest algorithms, and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), the research identifies key factors—such as ICT Readiness, Human Resources, Non-Leisure Resources, and Price Competitiveness—that significantly influence tourism competitiveness. Key findings indicate that ICT Readiness stands out as a critical determinant across all countries, highlighting the indispensable role of digital infrastructure in the tourism sector. For the 20 leading destinations by international arrivals, non-leisure resources and human resources are pivotal, suggesting that offering a wide array of activities and maintaining a skilled workforce are essential for a competitive edge. This research contributes valuable perspectives for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics, enriching the global dialogue on strategies for fostering competitive and sustainable tourism industries.","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100988
Namia Islam, Shubhajit Sadhukhan
Creative tourism provides a novel, diversified, and meaningful experience to tourists. It is distinctive due to the active participation of tourists in activities. Destination managers often lack awareness of the complex relationship between creative activities and the role of creative industries, which is crucial for tourism development. Limited studies have explored the dynamics between creative tourism, creative industries, and activities, necessitating investigation of this area of research. Hence, the present study addressed the knowledge gap by identifying key strategic areas for creative tourism development. The first objective was to analyse the interrelationship of creative activities and their influence on each other. The second was to rank the importance of creative industries based on creative activities. Accordingly, the expert opinion survey was conducted, and collected information was analysed using two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. While the causal effect of activities and their weights were calculated through fuzzy DEMATEL, creative industries were prioritised using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. This study identified six activities and 12 creative industries contributing to creative tourism. Findings indicated that 'visiting workshops' significantly impacted every other activity, while 'interaction of tourists with artisans' emerged as the most influential activity. Furthermore, the 'handicraft' industry was identified as most suitable for engaging tourists in creative tourism, followed by the 'design' and 'performing art' industries. The study underscored the interlinkage of creative tourism activities and emphasised that improvement in one activity can positively affect others. These findings will assist decision-makers in formulating strategies for specific activities and creative industries, enhancing creative tourism experiences.
{"title":"Relationship among creative tourism development strategies, creative industries, and activities: A case study of Lucknow, India","authors":"Namia Islam, Shubhajit Sadhukhan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100988","url":null,"abstract":"Creative tourism provides a novel, diversified, and meaningful experience to tourists. It is distinctive due to the active participation of tourists in activities. Destination managers often lack awareness of the complex relationship between creative activities and the role of creative industries, which is crucial for tourism development. Limited studies have explored the dynamics between creative tourism, creative industries, and activities, necessitating investigation of this area of research. Hence, the present study addressed the knowledge gap by identifying key strategic areas for creative tourism development. The first objective was to analyse the interrelationship of creative activities and their influence on each other. The second was to rank the importance of creative industries based on creative activities. Accordingly, the expert opinion survey was conducted, and collected information was analysed using two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. While the causal effect of activities and their weights were calculated through fuzzy DEMATEL, creative industries were prioritised using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. This study identified six activities and 12 creative industries contributing to creative tourism. Findings indicated that 'visiting workshops' significantly impacted every other activity, while 'interaction of tourists with artisans' emerged as the most influential activity. Furthermore, the 'handicraft' industry was identified as most suitable for engaging tourists in creative tourism, followed by the 'design' and 'performing art' industries. The study underscored the interlinkage of creative tourism activities and emphasised that improvement in one activity can positively affect others. These findings will assist decision-makers in formulating strategies for specific activities and creative industries, enhancing creative tourism experiences.","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100879
Lucía Rubio-Escuderos, Francisco Javier Ullán de la Rosa, Hugo García-Andreu
People with disabilities still encounter many hurdles when traveling. This study aims at identifying the factors hindering the development of accessibility in tourist destinations. To this end, we developed a stakeholder analysis using the Spanish Costa Blanca as a case study. Employing a qualitative approach, insights from accessible tourism stakeholders were gathered. Data was collected through 83 semi-structured interviews. The research revealed instances of non-collaborative relationships and conflicts among stakeholders, which are acting as obstacles to accessible tourism. Among others, discrimination by firms and non-disabled customers to tourists with disabilities, inconsistencies in legislation, or challenges associated with the implementation of Universal Design.
{"title":"What is stopping the process? Analysis of obstacles to accessible tourism from a stakeholders' perspective","authors":"Lucía Rubio-Escuderos, Francisco Javier Ullán de la Rosa, Hugo García-Andreu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100879","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities still encounter many hurdles when traveling. This study aims at identifying the factors hindering the development of accessibility in tourist destinations. To this end, we developed a stakeholder analysis using the Spanish Costa Blanca as a case study. Employing a qualitative approach, insights from accessible tourism stakeholders were gathered. Data was collected through 83 semi-structured interviews. The research revealed instances of non-collaborative relationships and conflicts among stakeholders, which are acting as obstacles to accessible tourism. Among others, discrimination by firms and non-disabled customers to tourists with disabilities, inconsistencies in legislation, or challenges associated with the implementation of Universal Design.","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100962
Martin Fontanari, Anastasia Traskevich
The research examines a conceptual approach to proactive, resilient, and cooperative initiatives to develop destination resilience. This approach addresses internal factors of tourism service production as objects of resilient cooperation. The framework for tourism cooperative networks for co-creating value in the destination is elaborated theoretically and confirmed by experts. The synthesis of corporate, network, and destination resilience creates the model of resilient cooperative networks, Confidence-Model. The model showcases value-chain co-creation, consisting of integrative survival capacities, transition networks, cooperative resource management, leisure sharing economy, and communication collection points. Value-chain co-creation is aligned on a regional level. The Confidence-Model reiterates the embeddedness of stakeholders in destinations through the resilient business model. Transitioning towards destination resilience involves ensuring self-sufficiency in tourism supply chains and developing resilient products, ultimately leading to new experiences and the creation of meaningful livelihoods.
{"title":"Confidence-Model: Cooperative networks to develop destination resilience","authors":"Martin Fontanari, Anastasia Traskevich","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100962","url":null,"abstract":"The research examines a conceptual approach to proactive, resilient, and cooperative initiatives to develop destination resilience. This approach addresses internal factors of tourism service production as objects of resilient cooperation. The framework for tourism cooperative networks for co-creating value in the destination is elaborated theoretically and confirmed by experts. The synthesis of corporate, network, and destination resilience creates the model of resilient cooperative networks, Confidence-Model. The model showcases value-chain co-creation, consisting of integrative survival capacities, transition networks, cooperative resource management, leisure sharing economy, and communication collection points. Value-chain co-creation is aligned on a regional level. The Confidence-Model reiterates the embeddedness of stakeholders in destinations through the resilient business model. Transitioning towards destination resilience involves ensuring self-sufficiency in tourism supply chains and developing resilient products, ultimately leading to new experiences and the creation of meaningful livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100966
Junfeng Wang
Drawing upon existing anthropomorphism literature, this research employed two experiments to investigate the relationships among video-based destination anthropomorphism, AI mind perception, and destination image, while examining the moderating influence of AI anxiety. Study 1 confirmed that video-based destination anthropomorphism and AI mind perception positively impact destination image. It also demonstrated that video-based destination anthropomorphism positively affects AI mind perception and established the mediating role of AI mind perception. Study 2 verified that AI anxiety moderates the impact of video-based destination anthropomorphism on AI mind perception. These research outcomes contribute to the body of knowledge in destination marketing literature by constructing an integrated model. Furthermore, the findings offer valuable insights for destination marketers and advertisers in enhancing destination image through anthropomorphic strategies.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence (AI) technology in destination advertising: The impact of video-based destination anthropomorphism on destination image","authors":"Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing upon existing anthropomorphism literature, this research employed two experiments to investigate the relationships among video-based destination anthropomorphism, AI mind perception, and destination image, while examining the moderating influence of AI anxiety. Study 1 confirmed that video-based destination anthropomorphism and AI mind perception positively impact destination image. It also demonstrated that video-based destination anthropomorphism positively affects AI mind perception and established the mediating role of AI mind perception. Study 2 verified that AI anxiety moderates the impact of video-based destination anthropomorphism on AI mind perception. These research outcomes contribute to the body of knowledge in destination marketing literature by constructing an integrated model. Furthermore, the findings offer valuable insights for destination marketers and advertisers in enhancing destination image through anthropomorphic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100963
Antonella Cammarota , Vittoria Marino , Riccardo Resciniti
This study investigates whether and how sustainable forms of hospitality could affect the local community by generating socioeconomic benefits in rural and distressed areas. Focusing on the 'Albergo Diffuso', a unique form of sustainable accommodation that transforms rural villages into tourist destinations, this research analyzes its impact through semi-structured interviews in two communities in Irpinia, Southern Italy. Findings show that the Albergo Diffuso could be a territorial development tool; however, several factors contributed to its failure, resulting in a lack of social impact on the local community. Specifically, findings suggest that this sustainable hospitality model could positively influence destination promotion, community participation, place attachment, and even the future orientation of residents. Nonetheless, each of these outcomes faces specific barriers that hinder their achievement. This study offers valuable implications for practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the need to foster relationships built on listening to and engaging local stakeholders, especially residents. Lastly, the study offers valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in developing tourism in rural destinations.
{"title":"Residents’ perceptions of “sustainable hospitality” in rural destinations: Insights from Irpinia, Southern Italy","authors":"Antonella Cammarota , Vittoria Marino , Riccardo Resciniti","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates whether and how sustainable forms of hospitality could affect the local community by generating socioeconomic benefits in rural and distressed areas. Focusing on the '<em>Albergo Diffuso</em><em>'</em>, a unique form of sustainable accommodation that transforms rural villages into tourist destinations, this research analyzes its impact through semi-structured interviews in two communities in Irpinia, Southern Italy. Findings show that the Albergo Diffuso could be a territorial development tool; however, several factors contributed to its failure, resulting in a lack of social impact on the local community. Specifically, findings suggest that this sustainable hospitality model could positively influence destination promotion, community participation, place attachment, and even the future orientation of residents. Nonetheless, each of these outcomes faces specific barriers that hinder their achievement. This study offers valuable implications for practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the need to foster relationships built on listening to and engaging local stakeholders, especially residents. Lastly, the study offers valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in developing tourism in rural destinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100965
Jia Liu , Haifeng Wang , SooCheong (Shawn) Jang , Xianming Liu , Jing Li
Identifying the target positioning and promoting coherent signal transmission in the hierarchical policy system are critical driving forces to maximize policy effectiveness and foster sustainability in marine tourism. With the continuous highlighting of the key role in marine tourism industry and the improvement of relevant policies, this research explores the evolution and effectiveness of marine tourism policies in China from 2012 to 2021. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it combines signaling theory and strategic choice theory to expound the dynamic impact of policy signal transmission. The main findings are the three administrative levels have established related yet distinct policy topic priorities and preferences in the use of policy tools during policy formulation and there is a strong emphasis on economic environment-oriented policy tools and identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships between policy power and company performance. Thus, this study provides a basis for international policy adaptation and calls for future research to broaden the cultural applicability of the framework and deepen policy document analysis.
{"title":"Hierarchical policy evolution and impact on industry advancement in marine tourism: A comprehensive study of China","authors":"Jia Liu , Haifeng Wang , SooCheong (Shawn) Jang , Xianming Liu , Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying the target positioning and promoting coherent signal transmission in the hierarchical policy system are critical driving forces to maximize policy effectiveness and foster sustainability in marine tourism. With the continuous highlighting of the key role in marine tourism industry and the improvement of relevant policies, this research explores the evolution and effectiveness of marine tourism policies in China from 2012 to 2021. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it combines signaling theory and strategic choice theory to expound the dynamic impact of policy signal transmission. The main findings are the three administrative levels have established related yet distinct policy topic priorities and preferences in the use of policy tools during policy formulation and there is a strong emphasis on economic environment-oriented policy tools and identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships between policy power and company performance. Thus, this study provides a basis for international policy adaptation and calls for future research to broaden the cultural applicability of the framework and deepen policy document analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100960
Zhenzhong Zhao , Xinyi Liu , Jie Wu , Chengyu Xiong
As the night economy contributes widely to cities, regions, and nations worldwide, resident value co-creation, has been a topic of significant interest. Although there is a growing interest in value co-creation, there is limited research on how multi-sensory stimulation affects residents engaged in night-time leisure. It is also unclear whether a place could instigate value co-creation with local residents by strategically selecting appropriate sensory stimuli, and if so, how. Using a mixed methods approach, this study draws on the sensory marketing framework to explore the process by which residents’ multi-sensory perceptions evoke emotion and subsequently influence value co-creation. The structural equation modelling indicated that multi-sensory experience, place identity and place dependence, positively impacted value co-creation, and results of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis revealed 12 combined paths that could stimulate value co-creation. These findings provide actionable insights for DMOs to tailor sensory marketing initiatives, maximising resident value creation in night-time leisure.
{"title":"Achieving resident value co-creation in night-time leisure activities: Modelling and evaluating outcomes from a multi-sensory perspective","authors":"Zhenzhong Zhao , Xinyi Liu , Jie Wu , Chengyu Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the night economy contributes widely to cities, regions, and nations worldwide, resident value co-creation, has been a topic of significant interest. Although there is a growing interest in value co-creation, there is limited research on how multi-sensory stimulation affects residents engaged in night-time leisure. It is also unclear whether a place could instigate value co-creation with local residents by strategically selecting appropriate sensory stimuli, and if so, how. Using a mixed methods approach, this study draws on the sensory marketing framework to explore the process by which residents’ multi-sensory perceptions evoke emotion and subsequently influence value co-creation. The structural equation modelling indicated that multi-sensory experience, place identity and place dependence, positively impacted value co-creation, and results of the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis revealed 12 combined paths that could stimulate value co-creation. These findings provide actionable insights for DMOs to tailor sensory marketing initiatives, maximising resident value creation in night-time leisure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955
İlker Şahin , F. Özlem Güzel
Spirituality focuses on understanding the purpose of human creation and the ways to make life meaningful. The inner quest combined with travels and experiences motivated by both internal and external factors forms the core of spiritual tourism, setting it apart from religious tourism. The research primarily aims to develop, test, and validate a scale for measuring the spiritual tourism experience. The study utilizes a hypercritical scale development procedure based on the mixed research method. The data collection and processing procedure included 11 face-to-face and 42 asynchronous online interviews, 30 participant observations, a thematic analysis of 2683 tourist statements from 818 reviews, 950 questionnaires conducted on spiritual tourists, and further confirmatory factor analysis performed on PLS. The spiritual tourism experience is ultimately structured into six dimensions: "Transformation, Healing, Atmosphere, Transcendence, Escape, Divine Connectedness." The findings confirm that the 31-item "Spiritual Tourism Experience Scale (STES)" is both statistically valid and reliable. Based on the research findings, the paper presents the most comprehensive definition of spiritual tourism. The findings contradict the view that spiritual tourism is merely a subset of religious tourism. The psychometric properties of STES along with its practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the tourism industry and destination marketing framework.
{"title":"Dimensions of spirituality in tourism: Developing the spiritual tourism experience scale (STES)","authors":"İlker Şahin , F. Özlem Güzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spirituality focuses on understanding the purpose of human creation and the ways to make life meaningful. The inner quest combined with travels and experiences motivated by both internal and external factors forms the core of spiritual tourism, setting it apart from religious tourism. The research primarily aims to develop, test, and validate a scale for measuring the spiritual tourism experience. The study utilizes a hypercritical scale development procedure based on the mixed research method. The data collection and processing procedure included 11 face-to-face and 42 asynchronous online interviews, 30 participant observations, a thematic analysis of 2683 tourist statements from 818 reviews, 950 questionnaires conducted on spiritual tourists, and further confirmatory factor analysis performed on PLS. The spiritual tourism experience is ultimately structured into six dimensions: \"<em>Transformation, Healing, Atmosphere, Transcendence, Escape, Divine Connectedness.</em>\" The findings confirm that the 31-item \"<em>Spiritual Tourism Experience Scale (STES)\"</em> is both statistically valid and reliable. Based on the research findings, the paper presents the most comprehensive definition of spiritual tourism. The findings contradict the view that spiritual tourism is merely a subset of religious tourism. The psychometric properties of STES along with its practical and theoretical implications are discussed within the tourism industry and destination marketing framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100948
Sofía Blanco-Moreno , Ana M. González-Fernández , Pablo Antonio Muñoz-Gallego , Luis V. Casaló
This study analyses the social media engagement (SME) received by Instagram posts from a tourism destination based on communication and mental imagery theories. This research considers both the type of sender (tourists vs. residents) and the content of the message (pictorial stimuli: places of interest vs. hospitality services; centricity stimuli: people vs. without people). Web scraping technique is used for data collection. Content analysis is then applied on 27,088 Instagram posts using artificial intelligence techniques (machine learning and deep learning); and a univariate generalized linear model is conducted to analyze differences in SME. Results show that pictorial stimulus determines SME, being higher for images focused on places of interest, and photographs with people get higher SME too. The type of sender also influences SME and exerts a moderating role reinforcing the effect of centricity on SME for tourists. These results provide interesting insights for destination marketing managers and Instagram users.
本研究基于传播和心理意象理论，分析了旅游目的地 Instagram 帖子的社交媒体参与度（SME）。本研究同时考虑了发送者类型（游客与居民）和信息内容（图片刺激：名胜古迹与接待服务；中心性刺激：有人与无人）。数据收集采用了网络刮擦技术。然后使用人工智能技术（机器学习和深度学习）对 27,088 条 Instagram 帖子进行内容分析，并采用单变量广义线性模型分析 SME 的差异。结果表明，图片刺激决定了 SME，关注景点的图片 SME 更高，有人物的照片 SME 也更高。发送者的类型也会影响中小型企业，并发挥调节作用，加强中心性对游客中小型企业的影响。这些结果为目的地营销经理和 Instagram 用户提供了有趣的启示。
{"title":"Understanding engagement with Instagram posts about tourism destinations","authors":"Sofía Blanco-Moreno , Ana M. González-Fernández , Pablo Antonio Muñoz-Gallego , Luis V. Casaló","doi":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyses the social media engagement (SME) received by Instagram posts from a tourism destination based on communication and mental imagery theories. This research considers both the type of sender (tourists vs. residents) and the content of the message (pictorial stimuli: places of interest vs. hospitality services; centricity stimuli: people vs. without people). Web scraping technique is used for data collection. Content analysis is then applied on 27,088 Instagram posts using artificial intelligence techniques (machine learning and deep learning); and a univariate generalized linear model is conducted to analyze differences in SME. Results show that pictorial stimulus determines SME, being higher for images focused on places of interest, and photographs with people get higher SME too. The type of sender also influences SME and exerts a moderating role reinforcing the effect of centricity on SME for tourists. These results provide interesting insights for destination marketing managers and Instagram users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Destination Marketing & Management","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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