Journal of Destination Marketing & Management最新文献

This research formalises a new methodology to measure and analyse Destination Brand Experience, improving upon traditional approaches by offering greater objectivity and rigour. Adopting a case study approach, five distinct and complementary types of analysis have been conducted: comprehensive sentiment analysis and topic modelling, an analysis using multiple thesauri, statistical analyses for hypothesis testing, and machine learning for classification. The methodological innovation, through the construction of thesauri, has enabled the measurement of sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioural dimensions in unique and emblematic attractions, experiences, and transportation within a tourist destination, based on visitor reviews. This new approach allows tourism professionals and destination managers to identify areas for improvement and develop strategies to enhance tourist satisfaction. The findings suggest that there are significant differences in the relationships between specific dimensions and that gender and culture moderate or impact these relationships.

This paper explores the role and significance of spatial units in online tourism marketing and branding. The analysis is based on the application of different regional typologies as categorization units in understanding and analyzing quantitative and qualitative properties of tourism websites. The study combines four distinct ways of classifying regions into a spatial framework to systematize the properties of online tourism data. The research questions are addressed through data collection from Finnish municipalities, focusing on online tourism marketing websites. Results indicate that large municipalities, urban areas, and popular tourism regions are more invested in online tourism marketing and branding in comparison to smaller municipalities, rural areas, and less popular tourism regions. Rural municipalities locating close to large urban areas have low scores in the investigated variables, suggesting that they rely on their proximity to urban areas for online tourism marketing and branding. While likely advantageous, the use of distinct marketing tools (logos, slogans, locational highlights, and interest hotspots) is relatively limited in the data. The paper concludes by stressing the need for strategic and comprehensive approaches, collaboration with stakeholders, creativity, and innovative methods in tourism management, particularly for smaller municipalities.

This study explored the relationship between metaverse experience and travel decisions through a survey of 459 Brazilian ZEPETO users. The results show that well-organized affordances had a significant impact on users' sense of presence. Neither social realism nor cyber sickness had a significant impact on immersion, but spatial presence was strongly correlated with immersion and place attachment. Higher immersion did not consistently lead to higher place attachment or intention to visit South Korea. These findings highlight the need for well-designed affordances to enhance presence in the metaverse. While perceptions of co-presence and spatial presence can promote place attachment, they can also have potentially negative effects by inducing excessive immersion. Nevertheless, moderate use of metaverses can be a powerful tourism strategy by stimulating the desire to visit replicated places. The study suggests that the feeling of being with other users in a particular virtual space that represents the real world well can create an attachment to a place and lead to more visits.

This article discusses the history and status quo of traditional tourism motivation theories as well as their shortcomings. By adopting a collective approach to motivation, this study proposes a framework that examines tourism motivations from a complex adaptive system's perspective. To conduct this study, the destination-motivation semantic system was designed as a bipartite scale-free network that takes in inputs such as values, costs, benefits, experiences, reasons to avoid/approach, attitudes, and expectations, and delivers the outputs of motivational force (valence) and destination utility. Next, by employing expectancy and utility theories and applying the principles of information theory, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics, several appraisals were developed to determine the system's state, structure, and functionality. Finally, a toy model that presents the empirical proof of the proposed framework is depicted.

The tourscape concept is recently coined to represent the general atmosphere experienced by tourists in a destination and includes four dimensions (stimuli): physical, social, socially symbolic, and natural dimensions. Tourist perception of these stimuli is relevant for the development of a tourist destination. This study proposes for the first time that tourscape can also be an important element of the environmental sustainability of a tourist destination when it is in harmony with the environment, since tourscape can play a key role in the tourist experience by eliciting positive intentions and behaviors towards a destination. Based on the stimuli-organism-response (SOR) model, this study analyzes how tourscape elements influence tourists’ revisit intention when they are perceived to be in harmony with the care of the environment through identification with the tourist destination and trust. The results of a sample of 872 tourists show that each dimension of the tourscape is positively related to destination identification. Furthermore, destination identification is directly related to revisit intention, and indirectly related to revisit intention through trust. This study highlights the implications for destination management organizations, with strategic suggestions on how to increase tourist perception regarding the sustainability of the destination and promote revisit intention.

Stakeholders must purposely reflect on the suitability of process models for designing tourism experience systems. Specific characteristics of these models relate to developing tourism experience systems as integral parts of wider socio-technical systems. Choices made in crafting such models need to address three reflexivity mechanisms: problem, stakeholder and method definition. We systematically evaluate application of these mechanisms in a living lab experiment, by developing evaluation episodes using the framework for evaluation in design science research. We outline (i) the development of these evaluation episodes and (ii) how executing them influenced the process and outcomes of co-crafting the process model. We highlight both the benefits of and an approach to incorporate reflexivity in developing process models for designing tourism experience systems.

This empirical study aims to identify the components of destination image and tourist motivation that help explain tourist visit intention during different stages of a major public health crisis. It also seeks to determine how tourists' information-literacy self-efficacy influences that image. The research focuses on two stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) tourist behavior before the alleviating effect of a public vaccination program is felt among the general public and 2) tourist behavior after the alleviating effect has reached most individuals. The results show that, in stage 1, visit intention is shaped by a “safe and secure” destination image, affective image, and tourists’ stimulus-avoidance motivation. In stage 2, visit intention is influenced by both cognitive and affective image and by intellectual, social, competence, and stimulus-avoidance motivations. Information-literacy self-efficacy influences destination image in both stages. These findings enable tourism managers to develop mechanisms to lessen the adverse effects of health crises.

As international travel begins to rebound from the pandemic, there is value in analyzing pandemic-related travel risks to know which markets are likely to come back online first. Thus, this paper examines the perceptions of travel-related risks, governmental response, and intention to travel to the U.S. from the top five inbound international markets to the U.S. (Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, and the U.K.). ANOVA was adopted to analyze 1653 online survey responses from potential travelers. Utilizing Hofstede's cultural dimensions, the results revealed significant differences in travel-related risks, governmental response, and travel intentions among travelers from these five countries, suggesting marketers should adopt different strategies depending on a target market's cultural characteristics. International travel makes up a significant portion of many countries' GDP, and knowing which top global markets are more resilient and likely to come back online first provides DMOs with critical information on using their marketing dollars wisely.

This study aimed to develop and validate a theoretical model for examining how different types of destination advertising (abstract vs. concrete) affect tourists’ visit intention. The hypotheses developed in this study were validated through four scenario experiments. The results showed that abstract destination advertising increased visit intention more than concrete destination advertising. Further, this study demonstrated that self-congruence is a mediator between destination advertising and visit intention. Destination reputation (good vs. average) moderates the effect of destination advertising on visit intention. When a destination has a good reputation, abstract destination advertising will lead to higher visit intention than concrete advertising. The relationships between the type of destination advertising and self-congruence and visit intention depended on tourists’ self-confidence. When tourist self-confidence is high, abstract destination advertising (vs. concrete) will lead to higher visit intention. The study findings have managerial and theoretical implications for destination advertising and precision marketing.

This study explains the motivating process of how smartphone usage influences the behavioral intentions of domestic travelers', considering the impacts of their perceived authenticity and travel experiences gained through smartphones. By reviewing the literature, this research developed a theoretical framework that integrates the concepts of existential authenticity and memorable experiences to determine the impact of the explorative use of smart tourism technologies on travelers' satisfaction and intentions to revisit. An online survey was conducted among domestic travelers visiting Hainan Island in China and Jeju Island in South Korea to test the proposed hypotheses and model while also identifying cross-country effects in the relationships. The results revealed the effects of using smart tourism technologies to enhance travelers' satisfaction and revive revisit intentions based on intrapersonal authenticity and memorable experiences. Based on the results of the cross-country comparison, this research concludes that Korean domestic travelers are more inclined toward seeking memorable experiences through the use of smart tourism technologies, whereas Chinese domestic travelers tend to focus on authentic moments. We recommend that destinations implement and diversify smart tourism technology strategies that align with travelers' cultural backgrounds to enhance both their satisfaction levels and their intentions to revisit.