首页 > 最新文献

Social Cognition最新文献

英文 中文
Social Influence and Autobiographical Recall: Shared Reality and Epistemic Trust Shape Perceptions of Autobiographical Events 社会影响与自传回忆:共有的现实与认知信任塑造了对自传事件的感知
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.411
Abby S. Boytos, Kristi A. Costabile
Two experiments studied the evaluative adaptation process at the outset of a communication event to examine how autobiographical memory could be shaped by audience attitude, shared reality, and epistemic trust. Experiment 1 found that audience attitude influenced communicator perceptions of their own autobiographical memories and attitudes toward the memory topic. These effects were more pronounced when communicators experienced a shared reality with their audience. Experiment 2 found that epistemic trust in the audience increased shared reality with the audience, which in turn led to greater audience-congruent memory bias in which communicators had memory perceptions and attitudes that were evaluatively consistent with the attitudes of their audience. This project underscores the prevalence of social influence processes in autobiographical recall and identifies how processes that occur at the initial stages of interpersonal communication (i.e., perceived audience attitude, trust, and shared reality) can influence how individuals construe their own life events.
两个实验研究了传播事件开始时的评估性适应过程,以检验自传式记忆如何受到受众态度、共同现实和认知信任的影响。实验1发现,受众态度影响传播者对自传体记忆的认知和对记忆主题的态度。当传播者与受众共同经历现实时,这些效果更为明显。实验2发现,受众的认知信任增加了与受众的共同现实,这反过来又导致了更大的受众一致性记忆偏差,在这种偏差中,传播者的记忆感知和态度在评价上与受众的态度一致。本项目强调了社会影响过程在自传式回忆中的普遍性,并确定了在人际沟通的初始阶段(即感知到的受众态度、信任和共享现实)发生的过程如何影响个人如何解释自己的生活事件。
{"title":"Social Influence and Autobiographical Recall: Shared Reality and Epistemic Trust Shape Perceptions of Autobiographical Events","authors":"Abby S. Boytos, Kristi A. Costabile","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.411","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments studied the evaluative adaptation process at the outset of a communication event to examine how autobiographical memory could be shaped by audience attitude, shared reality, and epistemic trust. Experiment 1 found that audience attitude influenced communicator perceptions of their own autobiographical memories and attitudes toward the memory topic. These effects were more pronounced when communicators experienced a shared reality with their audience. Experiment 2 found that epistemic trust in the audience increased shared reality with the audience, which in turn led to greater audience-congruent memory bias in which communicators had memory perceptions and attitudes that were evaluatively consistent with the attitudes of their audience. This project underscores the prevalence of social influence processes in autobiographical recall and identifies how processes that occur at the initial stages of interpersonal communication (i.e., perceived audience attitude, trust, and shared reality) can influence how individuals construe their own life events.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preconscious Attentional Bias to Rejection Facilitates Social Distancing for White Women in STEM Contexts 对拒绝的前意识注意偏见促进了白人女性在STEM环境中的社会距离
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.438
K. Chaney
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) contexts are imbued with identity-threat cues for women, leading to disengagement. Research on the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis suggests that individuals rapidly detect threat cues and subsequently avoid detected threats to mitigate experiencing the negative implications associated with the threat. Integrating these lines of research, the present research examined White women’s preconscious attentional bias to rejection (PAB-R) and avoidance behavior (social distancing) in STEM contexts after exposure to identity-threat and identity-safety cues compared to neutral conditions. White women’s PAB-R was significantly greater in response to identity-threat cues and significantly decreased in response to identity-safety cues. Moreover, greater PAB-R led to greater social distancing (Studies 1b and 2). The present studies identified PAB-R as a novel, automatic process by which identity cues were associated with avoidance for women in STEM.
科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)环境中充斥着对女性的身份威胁暗示,导致了脱离。对警惕-回避假说的研究表明,个体可以快速检测到威胁线索,然后避免检测到的威胁,以减轻与威胁相关的负面影响。结合这些研究,本研究调查了白人女性在暴露于身份威胁和身份安全线索后,与中性条件相比,在STEM环境中对拒绝的前意识注意偏见(PAB-R)和回避行为(社交距离)。白人女性的PAB-R在对身份威胁线索的反应中显著升高,在对身份安全线索的反应时显著降低。此外,PAB-R越大,社交距离越大(研究1b和2)。目前的研究表明,PAB-R是一种新的、自动的过程,通过它,身份线索与STEM女性的回避有关。
{"title":"Preconscious Attentional Bias to Rejection Facilitates Social Distancing for White Women in STEM Contexts","authors":"K. Chaney","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.5.438","url":null,"abstract":"Science, technology, engineering, and mathematic (STEM) contexts are imbued with identity-threat cues for women, leading to disengagement. Research on the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis suggests that individuals rapidly detect threat cues and subsequently avoid detected threats to mitigate experiencing the negative implications associated with the threat. Integrating these lines of research, the present research examined White women’s preconscious attentional bias to rejection (PAB-R) and avoidance behavior (social distancing) in STEM contexts after exposure to identity-threat and identity-safety cues compared to neutral conditions. White women’s PAB-R was significantly greater in response to identity-threat cues and significantly decreased in response to identity-safety cues. Moreover, greater PAB-R led to greater social distancing (Studies 1b and 2). The present studies identified PAB-R as a novel, automatic process by which identity cues were associated with avoidance for women in STEM.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44074814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Blocking Effects in Social Inference Generalize Across Targets: Learning to Interpret a Person's Behavioral Cues Interferes With Learning About Other People's Behavior 跨目标社会推理泛化中的阻断效应:学习解释一个人的行为线索会干扰对他人行为的学习
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.364
André Vaz, André Mata, Tomás A. Palma
Recent research has explored cue competition phenomena in social learning. In particular, blocking effects have been observed in the way people learn to infer someone's internal states from their behavioral cues: When people learn to associate a certain behavior with a certain internal state, this blocks their learning of subsequent behavioral cues that also predict the same state, when those cues are presented with the original behavior. In this research, we show that this blocking effect generalizes across targets, such that learning that a behavior predicts an internal state in a person hinders learning that other cues predict the same internal state in a different person, when both behaviors are presented simultaneously. This effect proved robust, and it was not moderated by the group membership of the targets.
最近的研究探索了社会学习中的线索竞争现象。特别是,在人们学习从他们的行为线索推断某人的内部状态的方式中,已经观察到了阻断效应:当人们学会将某一行为与某一内部状态相关联时,这会阻断他们对随后的行为线索的学习,这些行为线索也会预测相同的状态,当这些线索与原始行为一起出现时。在这项研究中,我们发现这种阻断效应在各个目标中都是普遍的,因此,当两种行为同时出现时,学习一种行为预测一个人的内部状态会阻碍学习其他线索预测另一个人的相同内部状态。事实证明,这种影响是强有力的,而且不受目标群体成员的影响。
{"title":"Blocking Effects in Social Inference Generalize Across Targets: Learning to Interpret a Person's Behavioral Cues Interferes With Learning About Other People's Behavior","authors":"André Vaz, André Mata, Tomás A. Palma","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.364","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has explored cue competition phenomena in social learning. In particular, blocking effects have been observed in the way people learn to infer someone's internal states from their behavioral cues: When people learn to associate a certain behavior with a certain internal state, this blocks their learning of subsequent behavioral cues that also predict the same state, when those cues are presented with the original behavior. In this research, we show that this blocking effect generalizes across targets, such that learning that a behavior predicts an internal state in a person hinders learning that other cues predict the same internal state in a different person, when both behaviors are presented simultaneously. This effect proved robust, and it was not moderated by the group membership of the targets.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Being Watched by God Versus a Third Person: Which Agent Lowers the Perceived Likelihood of Immoral Behaviors? 被上帝注视与第三人注视:哪个因素降低不道德行为的感知可能性?
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.336
Beyza Tepe, Arzu Karakulak
With three experimental studies using data from young adults living in a highly religious context, namely Turkey (N = 483), the current research examines how being watched by a third person versus God affects the perceived likelihood ratings of harmful versus impure immoral behaviors. We hypothesized that respondents would expect others to more strongly refrain from acting immorally when they believed they were being watched by God compared to a third person, and that this effect would be more pronounced for impure compared to harmful moral transgressions. The God condition was perceived as more effective than the third-person surveillance condition when immoral behaviors were harmful. However, for severe impure transgressions, neither surveillance condition was perceived as effective. We discuss our findings in light of contemporary morality research, outline the role of possible cultural and individual-level boundary conditions, and highlight the scientific and practical contributions of our research to the field.
目前的研究使用了三个实验研究数据,这些数据来自生活在高度宗教背景下的年轻人,即土耳其(N = 483),研究了由第三人观看与上帝观看如何影响对有害行为和不纯洁不道德行为的感知可能性评级。我们假设,当被调查者认为自己受到上帝的监视时,他们会期望别人比第三人更强烈地克制自己不做不道德的事,而且这种影响在不纯洁的情况下比在有害的道德越轨情况下更为明显。当不道德的行为是有害的时,上帝条件被认为比第三人监视条件更有效。然而,对于严重的不洁行为,两种监视条件都被认为是有效的。我们根据当代道德研究讨论了我们的发现,概述了可能的文化和个人层面的边界条件的作用,并强调了我们的研究对该领域的科学和实践贡献。
{"title":"Being Watched by God Versus a Third Person: Which Agent Lowers the Perceived Likelihood of Immoral Behaviors?","authors":"Beyza Tepe, Arzu Karakulak","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.336","url":null,"abstract":"With three experimental studies using data from young adults living in a highly religious context, namely Turkey (N = 483), the current research examines how being watched by a third person versus God affects the perceived likelihood ratings of harmful versus impure immoral behaviors. We hypothesized that respondents would expect others to more strongly refrain from acting immorally when they believed they were being watched by God compared to a third person, and that this effect would be more pronounced for impure compared to harmful moral transgressions. The God condition was perceived as more effective than the third-person surveillance condition when immoral behaviors were harmful. However, for severe impure transgressions, neither surveillance condition was perceived as effective. We discuss our findings in light of contemporary morality research, outline the role of possible cultural and individual-level boundary conditions, and highlight the scientific and practical contributions of our research to the field.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67279521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Desirable Biases: Self-Enhancement Is Seen as Biased and Bad, Other-Enhancement Is Seen as Biased but Good 可取的偏见:自我增强被视为有偏见和坏的,其他增强被视是有偏见但好的
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.317
André Mata, João Amaral
People who describe themselves as better than others are evaluated negatively, particularly when such self-enhancement is perceived as biased. This research replicates this finding, but it shows the opposite pattern for other-enhancement. People making flattering descriptions of their relatives and loved ones were seen as biased but likeable, whereas people who did not do so were seen as more realistic but less likeable. Critically, the enhancement of other people only inspired favorable impressions when it was perceived as sincere (i.e., true in the eyes of the enhancer). Moreover, and in line with an attributional account, the fewer people shared that assessment, the more it was perceived to reveal about the enhancer and how much they liked the target of the enhancement. This research suggests a nuanced version of the role of bias perception in impression formation, whereby biased appraisals are expected in certain domains, and they can inspire favorable impressions.
那些认为自己比别人好的人会受到负面评价,尤其是当这种自我提升被认为是有偏见的时候。这项研究重复了这一发现,但它显示出与其他增强相反的模式。人们对自己的亲人和亲人做出奉承的描述,被视为有偏见但讨人喜欢,而不这样做的人则被视为更现实但不太讨人喜欢。至关重要的是,只有当被认为是真诚的(即,在增强者眼中是真实的)时,其他人的增强才会激发好感。此外,根据归因分析,分享这一评估的人越少,就越能揭示增强子以及他们有多喜欢增强子的目标。这项研究提出了偏见感知在印象形成中的作用的一个细致入微的版本,即在某些领域预计会有偏见的评价,它们可以激发良好的印象。
{"title":"Desirable Biases: Self-Enhancement Is Seen as Biased and Bad, Other-Enhancement Is Seen as Biased but Good","authors":"André Mata, João Amaral","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.317","url":null,"abstract":"People who describe themselves as better than others are evaluated negatively, particularly when such self-enhancement is perceived as biased. This research replicates this finding, but it shows the opposite pattern for other-enhancement. People making flattering descriptions of their relatives and loved ones were seen as biased but likeable, whereas people who did not do so were seen as more realistic but less likeable. Critically, the enhancement of other people only inspired favorable impressions when it was perceived as sincere (i.e., true in the eyes of the enhancer). Moreover, and in line with an attributional account, the fewer people shared that assessment, the more it was perceived to reveal about the enhancer and how much they liked the target of the enhancement. This research suggests a nuanced version of the role of bias perception in impression formation, whereby biased appraisals are expected in certain domains, and they can inspire favorable impressions.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45220406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic Risk Information Influences Risk-Taking Behavior 遗传风险信息对风险承担行为的影响
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.387
Ryan M. Wheat, Matthew Vess, Patricia N. Holte
Research indicates that people will behave in ways that are consistent with the genes they believe they possess. We examined this tendency in the context of risk-taking. We predicted that bogus genetic testing results indicating a propensity for risk-taking would cause participants to demonstrate riskier behavior. Participants submitted saliva tests and were randomly assigned to receive bogus genetic feedback indicating high propensity or low propensity for risk-taking. They then completed a standardized measure of risk-taking behavior. Results showed that those who received feedback indicating they were genetically disposed to risky behavior demonstrated higher risk-taking behavior than those who received feedback indicating that they were genetically disposed to risk aversion. These findings extend work on genetic feedback effects to a new domain and further reveal the ways that genetic feedback shapes behavior independent of one's actual genetic propensities.
研究表明,人们的行为方式与他们认为自己拥有的基因一致。我们在冒险的背景下研究了这种趋势。我们预测,显示冒险倾向的虚假基因检测结果会导致参与者表现出更冒险的行为。参与者提交了唾液测试,并被随机分配接受表明高风险倾向高或低倾向的虚假基因反馈。然后,他们完成了一项对冒险行为的标准化测量。结果表明,那些接受到基因上倾向于冒险行为的反馈的人比那些接受到基因上倾向于风险厌恶的人表现出更高的冒险行为。这些发现将基因反馈效应的研究扩展到一个新的领域,并进一步揭示了基因反馈在独立于实际遗传倾向的情况下塑造行为的方式。
{"title":"Genetic Risk Information Influences Risk-Taking Behavior","authors":"Ryan M. Wheat, Matthew Vess, Patricia N. Holte","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.387","url":null,"abstract":"Research indicates that people will behave in ways that are consistent with the genes they believe they possess. We examined this tendency in the context of risk-taking. We predicted that bogus genetic testing results indicating a propensity for risk-taking would cause participants to demonstrate riskier behavior. Participants submitted saliva tests and were randomly assigned to receive bogus genetic feedback indicating high propensity or low propensity for risk-taking. They then completed a standardized measure of risk-taking behavior. Results showed that those who received feedback indicating they were genetically disposed to risky behavior demonstrated higher risk-taking behavior than those who received feedback indicating that they were genetically disposed to risk aversion. These findings extend work on genetic feedback effects to a new domain and further reveal the ways that genetic feedback shapes behavior independent of one's actual genetic propensities.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43218857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Deliberative Thinking Increase Tolerance? Political Tolerance Toward Individuals With Dual Citizenship 深思熟虑能增加宽容吗?对双重国籍人士的政治宽容
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.396
M. Verkuyten, K. Yogeeswaran, Levi Adelman
A growing number of states permit dual citizenship, but continued fears about communitarian values and worries about divided loyalties of dual citizens frequently boil up, leading to forms of political intolerance against such individuals. Dual-process theories argue that tolerance is more likely when people engage in deliberative (vs. intuitive) thinking in which they recognize and consider the equal rights of all citizens. We used a survey experiment to manipulate deliberative versus intuitive thinking to test whether deliberative thinking increases political tolerance of immigrant-origin individuals with dual citizenship. Using a nationally representative sample of Dutch majority members, we found that deliberative thinking can indeed increase political tolerance. This finding was robust across demographic differences in gender, age, religiosity, educational level, political orientation, and authoritarianism.
越来越多的州允许双重公民身份,但对社群主义价值观的持续担忧和对双重公民忠诚分歧的担忧经常爆发,导致对这些人的各种形式的政治不容忍。双过程理论认为,当人们进行深思熟虑(与直觉相比)的思考,承认并考虑所有公民的平等权利时,宽容更有可能。我们使用了一项调查实验来操纵审慎思维与直觉思维,以测试审慎思维是否会增加对具有双重公民身份的移民个人的政治容忍度。使用荷兰多数党成员的全国代表性样本,我们发现深思熟虑确实可以提高政治容忍度。这一发现在性别、年龄、宗教信仰、教育水平、政治取向和威权主义的人口统计学差异中是有力的。
{"title":"Does Deliberative Thinking Increase Tolerance? Political Tolerance Toward Individuals With Dual Citizenship","authors":"M. Verkuyten, K. Yogeeswaran, Levi Adelman","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.4.396","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of states permit dual citizenship, but continued fears about communitarian values and worries about divided loyalties of dual citizens frequently boil up, leading to forms of political intolerance against such individuals. Dual-process theories argue that tolerance is more likely when people engage in deliberative (vs. intuitive) thinking in which they recognize and consider the equal rights of all citizens. We used a survey experiment to manipulate deliberative versus intuitive thinking to test whether deliberative thinking increases political tolerance of immigrant-origin individuals with dual citizenship. Using a nationally representative sample of Dutch majority members, we found that deliberative thinking can indeed increase political tolerance. This finding was robust across demographic differences in gender, age, religiosity, educational level, political orientation, and authoritarianism.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Trait Stereotypes of Scientists as Analytical and Cold Align With Perceptions of Men More Than Women on Both Implicit and Explicit Measures 科学家的特质刻板印象是分析性的和冷的,在内隐和外显测量上与男性多于女性的认知一致
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.228
Erin McPherson, Sarah Banchefsky, Bernadette Park
Previous work using implicit tasks has demonstrated associations at a categorical level between men and science-related words (e.g., chemistry, physics, engineering). The current research explores trait attributes, examining the overlap in trait stereotypes of scientists with trait stereotypes of men and women, using both implicit and explicit stereotyping measures. Study 1 identified traits stereotypically associated with scientists along the analytic and cold dimensions, and counterstereotypic traits on unquestioning and warm dimensions. Study 2 demonstrated strong gender-scientist stereotypes on both explicit and implicit measures such that men were seen as more analytic and cold and less unquestioning and warm than women. Although robust effects were observed on both types of measures, their correlation was weak and nonsignificant. The misfit between trait perceptions of scientists and women, whether measured implicitly or explicitly, suggests trait stereotypes help maintain the gender imbalance in physical science fields.
先前使用内隐任务的工作已经证明了男性与科学相关词汇(如化学、物理、工程)之间在分类层面上的联系。本研究采用内隐刻板印象和外显刻板印象两种方法,探讨了科学家的特征刻板印象与男性和女性的特征刻板印象之间的重叠。研究1确定了与科学家相关的刻板印象特征,包括分析和冷漠维度,以及反刻板印象特征和热情维度。研究2显示了强烈的性别科学家的刻板印象,无论是显性的还是隐性的,比如男性被认为比女性更善于分析,更冷漠,更不善于质疑,更温暖。虽然在两种测量方法上都观察到稳健的效果,但它们的相关性很弱且不显著。科学家和女性的特质认知之间的不匹配,无论是隐性的还是显性的,都表明特质刻板印象有助于维持物理科学领域的性别不平衡。
{"title":"Trait Stereotypes of Scientists as Analytical and Cold Align With Perceptions of Men More Than Women on Both Implicit and Explicit Measures","authors":"Erin McPherson, Sarah Banchefsky, Bernadette Park","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.228","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work using implicit tasks has demonstrated associations at a categorical level between men and science-related words (e.g., chemistry, physics, engineering). The current research explores trait attributes, examining the overlap in trait stereotypes of scientists with trait stereotypes of men and women, using both implicit and explicit stereotyping measures. Study 1 identified traits stereotypically associated with scientists along the analytic and cold dimensions, and counterstereotypic traits on unquestioning and warm dimensions. Study 2 demonstrated strong gender-scientist stereotypes on both explicit and implicit measures such that men were seen as more analytic and cold and less unquestioning and warm than women. Although robust effects were observed on both types of measures, their correlation was weak and nonsignificant. The misfit between trait perceptions of scientists and women, whether measured implicitly or explicitly, suggests trait stereotypes help maintain the gender imbalance in physical science fields.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44545493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inversion Reduces Sensitivity to Complex Emotions in Eye Regions 反转降低眼部对复杂情绪的敏感性
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.302
Brittany S. Cassidy, Robert W. Wiley, Mattea Sim, K. Hugenberg
Inferring humans’ complex emotions is challenging but can be done with surprisingly limited emotion signals, including merely the eyes alone. Here, we test for a role of lower-level perceptual processes involved in such sensitivity using the well-validated Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. Over three experiments, we manipulated configural processing to show that it contributes to sensitivity to complex emotion from human eye regions. Specifically, inversion, a well-established manipulation affecting configural processing, undermined sensitivity to complex emotions in eye regions (Experiments 1-3). Inversion extended to undermine sensitivity to nonmentalistic information from human eye regions (gender; Experiment 2) but did not extend to affect sensitivity to attributes of nonhuman animals (Experiment 3). Taken together, the current findings provide evidence for the novel hypothesis that configural processing facilitates sensitivity to complex emotions conveyed by the eyes via the broader extraction of socially relevant information.
推断人类复杂的情绪是具有挑战性的,但可以在有限的情绪信号下完成,仅包括眼睛。在这里,我们使用经过充分验证的“阅读眼睛里的想法”任务来测试这种敏感性中涉及的较低层次感知过程的作用。在三个实验中,我们操纵了结构处理,以表明它有助于对人眼区域复杂情绪的敏感性。具体来说,反转,一种影响结构处理的公认操作,削弱了眼睛区域对复杂情绪的敏感性(实验1-3)。反转扩展到破坏对来自人眼区域的非情感信息的敏感性(性别;实验2),但没有扩展到影响对非人动物属性的敏感性(实验3)。总之,目前的研究结果为新的假设提供了证据,即构形加工通过更广泛地提取社会相关信息,促进了对眼睛传达的复杂情绪的敏感性。
{"title":"Inversion Reduces Sensitivity to Complex Emotions in Eye Regions","authors":"Brittany S. Cassidy, Robert W. Wiley, Mattea Sim, K. Hugenberg","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.302","url":null,"abstract":"Inferring humans’ complex emotions is challenging but can be done with surprisingly limited emotion signals, including merely the eyes alone. Here, we test for a role of lower-level perceptual processes involved in such sensitivity using the well-validated Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. Over three experiments, we manipulated configural processing to show that it contributes to sensitivity to complex emotion from human eye regions. Specifically, inversion, a well-established manipulation affecting configural processing, undermined sensitivity to complex emotions in eye regions (Experiments 1-3). Inversion extended to undermine sensitivity to nonmentalistic information from human eye regions (gender; Experiment 2) but did not extend to affect sensitivity to attributes of nonhuman animals (Experiment 3). Taken together, the current findings provide evidence for the novel hypothesis that configural processing facilitates sensitivity to complex emotions conveyed by the eyes via the broader extraction of socially relevant information.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47851197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of Emotional Expression on Face Recognition May Be Accounted for by Image Similarity 情绪表达对人脸识别的影响可以用图像相似性来解释
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.282
C. Collin, Justin A. Chamberland, Megan LeBlanc, Anna Ranger, I. Boutet
We examined the degree to which differences in face recognition rates across emotional expression conditions varied concomitantly with differences in mean objective image similarity. Effects of emotional expression on face recognition performance were measured via an old/new recognition paradigm in which stimuli at both learning and testing had happy, neutral, and angry expressions. Results showed an advantage for faces learned with neutral expressions, as well as for angry faces at testing. Performance data was compared to three quantitative image-similarity indices. Findings showed that mean human performance was strongly correlated with mean image similarity, suggesting that the former may be at least partly explained by the latter. Our findings sound a cautionary note regarding the necessity of considering low-level stimulus properties as explanations for findings that otherwise may be prematurely attributed to higher order phenomena such as attention or emotional arousal.
我们研究了不同情绪表达条件下人脸识别率的差异与平均客观图像相似性的差异的变化程度。情绪表达对人脸识别性能的影响是通过一种旧的/新的识别范式来测量的,在这种范式中,学习和测试中的刺激都有快乐、中性和愤怒的表情。结果显示,在测试中,用中性表情学习的人脸以及愤怒的人脸都有优势。将性能数据与三个定量图像相似性指数进行比较。研究结果表明,平均人类表现与平均图像相似性密切相关,这表明前者可能至少部分由后者解释。我们的研究结果提醒我们,有必要考虑低水平的刺激特性来解释可能过早归因于注意力或情绪唤起等高阶现象的发现。
{"title":"Effects of Emotional Expression on Face Recognition May Be Accounted for by Image Similarity","authors":"C. Collin, Justin A. Chamberland, Megan LeBlanc, Anna Ranger, I. Boutet","doi":"10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2022.40.3.282","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the degree to which differences in face recognition rates across emotional expression conditions varied concomitantly with differences in mean objective image similarity. Effects of emotional expression on face recognition performance were measured via an old/new recognition paradigm in which stimuli at both learning and testing had happy, neutral, and angry expressions. Results showed an advantage for faces learned with neutral expressions, as well as for angry faces at testing. Performance data was compared to three quantitative image-similarity indices. Findings showed that mean human performance was strongly correlated with mean image similarity, suggesting that the former may be at least partly explained by the latter. Our findings sound a cautionary note regarding the necessity of considering low-level stimulus properties as explanations for findings that otherwise may be prematurely attributed to higher order phenomena such as attention or emotional arousal.","PeriodicalId":48050,"journal":{"name":"Social Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Social Cognition
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1