Tourism Management Perspectives最新文献

Recognizing the importance of understanding visitor behavior, this study examines the intricate connection between gender and heritage tourism. A comprehensive research model is proposed, linking various aspects of heritage tourism experiences, highlighting the positive influence of engaging with food, historical sites, and co-creation on place attachment, nostalgia, and satisfaction. Using purposive sampling and personnel interviews, questionnaires were distributed to those who had a Macau holiday experience by visiting the cultural heritage site. A total of 499 questionnaires were collected. First, this study performs partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses of the proposed comprehensive research model. Then, building on the above findings, this study conducts a Multigroup Analysis to unravel the role that gender may play within the context of heritage tourism. By shedding light on gender's impact, this research enriches the heritage tourism discourse, expanding knowledge on the complex interplay between gender and tourist experiences.

Tourist incivility exacerbates tension with locals, jeopardizes tourism sustainability, and tarnishes destination image, prompting investigations into its causes. Leveraging relative deprivation theory, this study examined how two types of relative deprivation influence tourist incivility via a pretest and three scenario-based experiments. Experiments 1a and 1b indicated that relative deprivation increased uncivil behavioral intentions, with economic relative deprivation being more influential than social relative deprivation. Experiment 2 revealed the mediating roles of the psychological needs for self-protection and self-compensation. This study extended relative deprivation theory in the tourism context by focusing on two distinct components. Tourism stakeholders may mitigate uncivil behavior by aligning their offerings with tourists' expenditures and cater to their psychological and emotional needs with adequately equal respect and courtesy. Tourism providers may also offer avenues for tourists to release negative emotions and reverse their defensive motives, reducing the likelihood of incivility during service failures or conflicts.

In recent years, the number of solo travelers has been steadily increasing, attracting more attention from the tourism market. However, both the tourism industry and academia have limited understanding of this group. This paper aims to delve into the decision-making process of solo travelers and establish a typology of solo travelers based on personal values. This research combines cluster analysis with means-end chain analysis to categorize solo travelers into four types: pleasure-seeking solo travelers, social solo travelers, exploratory solo travelers, and escape-oriented solo travelers. Each type of solo traveler emphasizes different attributes, consequences, and values in their solo travel experiences, and they also hold different views and attitudes towards solo travel phenomenon. By synthesizing the opinions of different types of solo travelers, this research reveals the key characteristics of solo travel, namely, “departing alone” and “enjoying one's own company.” These findings may provide insights for market segmentation and marketing strategies in the solo travel industry.

This study investigates the content of the co-creation of tourism experiences and measures the substance of those experiences. It lays the framework for future research by providing a systematic assessment scale for co-creative tourism experiences. The scale obtained from the research is constructed using information on the entertainment, immersion, achievement, novelty, authenticity, uniqueness, education, and interaction variables found in the co-creation experience. The findings were obtained from semi-structured interviews with tourism opinion leaders and a questionnaire survey that yielded 682 responses. This study serves as a pioneering investigation of these constructs in an empirical way with statistical evidence to make the research outcome more objective. It provides tourism industry practitioners with directions on how to conduct co-creative activities, as well as how to understand the distinctive experiential contents of visitors in co-creative activities. The study enriches the tourism experience and supplies insights into the experiential marketing of the tourism industry.

On social media, the social cues accompanying a destination-brand-related post (likes, comments, shares), the relevance of its content, and the content-source are all determining factors that impact on consumers' engagement with that brand on social media. The study identifies consumers' engagement via their levels of participation in consuming, sharing, and creating content (COBRAs) about a destination. A 2x2x2 experiment is performed on a panel-based sample of 632 users who are exposed to different Instagram stimuli about a fictitious tourist attraction. The results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that all factors exert positive effects on tourists' engagement with destination-brand-related content. Social cues and the content-source are found to function as moderators of content relevance. The importance of these findings lies in identifying differences in tourist engagement generated by the relevance of the content, depending on who posts it and the social endorsement it receives. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

Given growing concerns about animal welfare in tourism, this study examined the crucial role of tourists' ethical experiences and psychological well-being in travel satisfaction by comparing online reviews from two elephant-based tourism settings: a rescue center and general tour sites. Topic modeling and sentence sentiment analysis revealed more prevalent themes of ethical experiences and psychological well-being at the rescue center than at other sites. Path analysis confirmed a significant transition from ethical experiences to psychological well-being and satisfaction only at the rescue center, highlighting the significant mediator of psychological well-being in ethical tourism. This study offers an enhanced understanding of ethical tourism experiences from the animal welfare perspective, thereby expanding the literature on animal-based tourism. This study suggests an integrative text analysis to enhance research integrity. The findings can assist destination marketing organizations in developing policies and guidelines that promote ethical practices among tour operators, leading to a competitive advantage.

Tourism intelligence and big data can improve the strategic management of tourist destinations through analysis of the environment. This study aims to explain the flight searches from London and Manchester to the Costa Blanca using variables from big data sources: online hotel satisfaction levels, flight price, hotel price, and temperature. Data for three years (2019, 2020 and 2021) are analyzed and the results are compared. The results show that online hotel satisfaction levels heterogeneously explain flight searches during these years. Hotel price positively explains searches from London. Flight price only influenced searches in 2019. Temperature in outbound destinations is the variable that best explains flight searches. This study contributes to the literature on strategic management of tourist destinations by explaining the potential tourist demand in the early decision-making stages of a trip. We highlight that the explanatory variables do not behave consistently during the years analyzed.

Food image is increasingly recognized as a source of destination brand building; however, food image variations between different tourist groups are not well understood. Using projective techniques, this study captures the variation of food images among visitors and non-visitors to Egypt. Differences exist in four food image domains: food health and quality, food accessibility and dining places, food production and cooking methods, and food culture and heritage. Findings support the dynamic nature of tourist food images. Non-visitors held predominantly generic, cognitive-based, and holistic food image perceptions. In contrast, visitor food images were complex, specific, and more accurate. The study advances the literature by clarifying how non-visitors abstract and identity-centric stereotypes develop into concrete experiential-based food images. The identified image congruences and gaps offer a basis for positioning and developing food tourism products for Egypt and similar destinations. The results help destinations tailor their marketing strategies to different visitor groups.

User-generated photos (UGPs) and marketer-generated photos (MGPs) play a crucial role in reducing uncertainty during hotel booking. However, inconsistencies between these two sources of information can lead to negative consequences. This study employs the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and Cognitive Dissonance Theory to construct two paths through which inconsistent information from UGPs and MGPs affects hotel booking intention, validated through a study with four contextual experiments involving 810 participants. Inconsistent information significantly negatively impact hotel booking intention. Perceived risk and negative emotions mediate the inconsistent effects of content and color, respectively. When price preferences are high (vs. low), the effect of inconsistent information on booking intentions is stronger. Furthermore, tourists with hedonic (vs. utilitarian) motives are less tolerant of inconsistent information. This study contributes significantly to the theoretical framework of online marketing and emphasizes the importance of considering the impact of inconsistent information on tourists in practical marketing activities.

Stress-coping relationship is essential for tourists' psychological outcomes and tourism destinations' sustainability. In this study, we explore tourists' encountered stressors, their stress appraisals, and coping strategies against different perceived stress in nature-based tourism destinations. Moreover, we compare the transactional stress-coping process under varying COVID-risk perceptions and family structures. In-depth phone interviews (n = 50) and on-site tourist surveys (n = 444) were conducted in Leiqiong UNESCO Geopark, China. Findings reveal that tourists' coping strategies for stress are associated with different stressors and vary greatly among tourists with different risk perceptions and family structures. Intense coping strategies (e.g., confrontive coping and planful & preventive problem-solving) are more likely to be employed against COVID-related stress, particularly by tourists with high-risk perceptions and tourists traveling with children. Our findings expand the transactional theory of stress by adding stress-coping configurations and provide effective strategies to mitigate multiple types of stress in nature-based tourism destinations.