Pub Date : 2022-03-06DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2022.2043555
Stephen A. Rains, Philip Harber, E. Warner, G. Leroy
ABSTRACT Governmental mandates requiring mask wearing in public spaces to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus have been controversial in the United States. We test theory related to anger and anger expression in the context of posts about masks appearing on Twitter during a 12-week period in which mask mandates were adopted in 18 states. The results were consistent with an appraisal of mandates as providing protection from harm. Pro-mask anger directed at others for not wearing masks increased following the imposition of mandates among tweets originating from states with a mandate. In states without a mandate, pro-mask anger similarly increased over time as additional state mandates were adopted across the country.
{"title":"Public responses to COVID-19 mask mandates: examining pro and anti-Mask anger in tweets before and after state-level mandates","authors":"Stephen A. Rains, Philip Harber, E. Warner, G. Leroy","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2022.2043555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2022.2043555","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Governmental mandates requiring mask wearing in public spaces to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus have been controversial in the United States. We test theory related to anger and anger expression in the context of posts about masks appearing on Twitter during a 12-week period in which mask mandates were adopted in 18 states. The results were consistent with an appraisal of mandates as providing protection from harm. Pro-mask anger directed at others for not wearing masks increased following the imposition of mandates among tweets originating from states with a mandate. In states without a mandate, pro-mask anger similarly increased over time as additional state mandates were adopted across the country.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"539 - 557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43408103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-13DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2022.2032229
Ralf Schmälzle, Shelby Wilcox, Nolan T. Jahn
ABSTRACT Stories in general, and peak moments within a single story in particular, can evoke strong responses across recipients. Between the content of a story and these shared audience responses lies an explanatory gap that neuroimaging can help close. Accordingly, this study examined how the brains of an audience responded during a story. We performed two types of analyses: First, we correlated the story’s physical characteristics to brain activity. Second, we reverse-correlated moments of peak brain engagement to story segments. We found that activity peaks in the temporo-parietal junction identify socially engaging points within the story, such as a pie-in-the-face scene, hyperbole, and sexual references. We discussed how these results and reverse correlation neuroimaging more broadly advance communication science.
{"title":"Identifying moments of peak audience engagement from brain responses during story listening","authors":"Ralf Schmälzle, Shelby Wilcox, Nolan T. Jahn","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2022.2032229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2022.2032229","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stories in general, and peak moments within a single story in particular, can evoke strong responses across recipients. Between the content of a story and these shared audience responses lies an explanatory gap that neuroimaging can help close. Accordingly, this study examined how the brains of an audience responded during a story. We performed two types of analyses: First, we correlated the story’s physical characteristics to brain activity. Second, we reverse-correlated moments of peak brain engagement to story segments. We found that activity peaks in the temporo-parietal junction identify socially engaging points within the story, such as a pie-in-the-face scene, hyperbole, and sexual references. We discussed how these results and reverse correlation neuroimaging more broadly advance communication science.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"515 - 538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2022.2032230
Z. Lew, C. Stohl
ABSTRACT Interactivity is an important concept in the study of online social processes. Two experiments tested how interactivity influenced people’s willingness to comment on social media and their perceptions of a company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. Across two operationalizations of interactivity (presence/absence of replies, high/low degree of reference to earlier messages), interactivity led to greater perceived contingency, which led to greater willingness to comment and more positive CSR perceptions. Results advance the interactivity effects model by demonstrating that (a) perceived contingency plays a crucial role in interactivity effects, (b) language intensity moderates the relationship between perceived contingency and willingness to comment, and (c) perceived contingency is fostered only by companies’ interactive messages and not consumers’ interactive messages.
{"title":"What makes people willing to comment on social media posts? The roles of interactivity and perceived contingency in online corporate social responsibility communication","authors":"Z. Lew, C. Stohl","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2022.2032230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2022.2032230","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interactivity is an important concept in the study of online social processes. Two experiments tested how interactivity influenced people’s willingness to comment on social media and their perceptions of a company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. Across two operationalizations of interactivity (presence/absence of replies, high/low degree of reference to earlier messages), interactivity led to greater perceived contingency, which led to greater willingness to comment and more positive CSR perceptions. Results advance the interactivity effects model by demonstrating that (a) perceived contingency plays a crucial role in interactivity effects, (b) language intensity moderates the relationship between perceived contingency and willingness to comment, and (c) perceived contingency is fostered only by companies’ interactive messages and not consumers’ interactive messages.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"90 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49288341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2025410
P. Gettings, K. Kuang
ABSTRACT Given the emphasis on work in American lives, this study extended the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) by testing two new domains of communication about aging: career meaning and preparing for retirement (N = 340 older adults). Findings supported many of the proposed paths including negative environmental chatter to negative affect, uncertainty, and both domains of communication. Positive environmental chatter was associated with positive affect, efficacy, and both domains. In both models, uncertainty was positively associated with negative affect and inversely with positive affect. Efficacy was consistently related to successful aging. Finally, the effect of positive environmental chatter on successful aging was serially mediated by career meaning, negative affect, and efficacy. Results offer theoretical and practical implications.
{"title":"Extending the communicative ecology model of successful aging using talk about careers and retirement","authors":"P. Gettings, K. Kuang","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2025410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2025410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the emphasis on work in American lives, this study extended the communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) by testing two new domains of communication about aging: career meaning and preparing for retirement (N = 340 older adults). Findings supported many of the proposed paths including negative environmental chatter to negative affect, uncertainty, and both domains of communication. Positive environmental chatter was associated with positive affect, efficacy, and both domains. In both models, uncertainty was positively associated with negative affect and inversely with positive affect. Efficacy was consistently related to successful aging. Finally, the effect of positive environmental chatter on successful aging was serially mediated by career meaning, negative affect, and efficacy. Results offer theoretical and practical implications.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"493 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2022736
K. Kuang, Ningxin Wang
ABSTRACT Individuals living with mental illness commonly experience higher- or lower-than-desired uncertainty (i.e., uncertainty discrepancy) related to their medical conditions, personal identities, and social relationships. An uncertainty discrepancy can trigger negative emotions and motivate communication behaviors such as information seeking and social support seeking, which, in turn, may alter the initially perceived uncertainty discrepancy. Three-wave longitudinal data collected from 223 adults with clinically diagnosed mental illness suggested uncertainty discrepancy was associated with direct support seeking from family and best friends via mechanisms proposed by the theory of motivated information management. Indirect support seeking led to an increase in uncertainty discrepancy over time. Theoretical and practical implications regarding support seeking as an emotion-driven communicative response to uncertainty discrepancy are discussed.
{"title":"A longitudinal investigation of information and support seeking processes that alter the uncertainty experiences of mental illness","authors":"K. Kuang, Ningxin Wang","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2022736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2022736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Individuals living with mental illness commonly experience higher- or lower-than-desired uncertainty (i.e., uncertainty discrepancy) related to their medical conditions, personal identities, and social relationships. An uncertainty discrepancy can trigger negative emotions and motivate communication behaviors such as information seeking and social support seeking, which, in turn, may alter the initially perceived uncertainty discrepancy. Three-wave longitudinal data collected from 223 adults with clinically diagnosed mental illness suggested uncertainty discrepancy was associated with direct support seeking from family and best friends via mechanisms proposed by the theory of motivated information management. Indirect support seeking led to an increase in uncertainty discrepancy over time. Theoretical and practical implications regarding support seeking as an emotion-driven communicative response to uncertainty discrepancy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"470 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45389376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2020864
Yong-Chan Kim, Yeran Kim, Young-Gil Chae
ABSTRACT Based on communication infrastructure theory (CIT), this study developed and assessed communication concepts to understand the various ways in which residents in a metropolitan city experience and manage differences through their neighborhood communicative actions. We investigated three urban communities in Seoul with in-depth interviews (n = 30) and 12 focus group interview meetings (n = 120). We conceptualized two types of community storytelling actions to address differences – difference-reducing community storytelling (DRCS) and difference-managing community storytelling (DMCS). We also identified four neighborhood relational types – denial, rivalry, cohabitation, and coexistence – in the study areas as interacting in various forms with community storytelling to address the issue of difference in urban neighborhoods.
{"title":"Communication and difference in urban neighborhoods: A communication infrastructure theory perspective","authors":"Yong-Chan Kim, Yeran Kim, Young-Gil Chae","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2020864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2020864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Based on communication infrastructure theory (CIT), this study developed and assessed communication concepts to understand the various ways in which residents in a metropolitan city experience and manage differences through their neighborhood communicative actions. We investigated three urban communities in Seoul with in-depth interviews (n = 30) and 12 focus group interview meetings (n = 120). We conceptualized two types of community storytelling actions to address differences – difference-reducing community storytelling (DRCS) and difference-managing community storytelling (DMCS). We also identified four neighborhood relational types – denial, rivalry, cohabitation, and coexistence – in the study areas as interacting in various forms with community storytelling to address the issue of difference in urban neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"419 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2021432
Yeunjae Lee, J. Li
ABSTRACT Grounded in the situational theory of problem-solving (STOPS), two survey studies investigated how racial minority employees in the U.S. perceive and communicate about discriminatory situations within their organizations and how they are related to their engagement levels. Results of Study 1 suggested that experiences of discriminatory acts at work are negatively associated with racial minority employees’ engagement, whereas their situational perceptions are positively associated with their communicative behaviors toward direct supervisor and peers. Communicative behaviors with supervisors, not peers, in turn, fostered their engagement. Study 2 replicated and extended Study 1 in different contexts, revealing the moderating role of a diverse climate in affecting employees’ situational perceptions about workplace discrimination. Theoretical and practical implications for communication studies are discussed.
{"title":"Discriminated against but engaged: The role of communicative actions of racial minority employees","authors":"Yeunjae Lee, J. Li","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2021432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2021432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grounded in the situational theory of problem-solving (STOPS), two survey studies investigated how racial minority employees in the U.S. perceive and communicate about discriminatory situations within their organizations and how they are related to their engagement levels. Results of Study 1 suggested that experiences of discriminatory acts at work are negatively associated with racial minority employees’ engagement, whereas their situational perceptions are positively associated with their communicative behaviors toward direct supervisor and peers. Communicative behaviors with supervisors, not peers, in turn, fostered their engagement. Study 2 replicated and extended Study 1 in different contexts, revealing the moderating role of a diverse climate in affecting employees’ situational perceptions about workplace discrimination. Theoretical and practical implications for communication studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"445 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2018475
Erik Hermann, M. Morgan, J. Shanahan
ABSTRACT In the last decades, there have been substantial changes in public attitudes toward gender roles and in television’s landscape and messages. Our meta-analysis of nearly 50 years of studies of television’s contribution to gender role attitudes is based on 485 effect sizes from 69 independent samples (N = 57,542) and reveals an overall effect size of .102. While we found no evidence of any decline of this association over time, it is significantly weaker for gender role attitudes related to the public sphere. Our findings imply that television viewing may strengthen an “egalitarian essentialism ideology,” that is, a discrepancy between the endorsement of gender equity in the public sphere/workplace and the persistence of traditional views regarding the private/domestic sphere.
{"title":"Social change, cultural resistance: a meta-analysis of the influence of television viewing on gender role attitudes","authors":"Erik Hermann, M. Morgan, J. Shanahan","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2018475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2018475","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the last decades, there have been substantial changes in public attitudes toward gender roles and in television’s landscape and messages. Our meta-analysis of nearly 50 years of studies of television’s contribution to gender role attitudes is based on 485 effect sizes from 69 independent samples (N = 57,542) and reveals an overall effect size of .102. While we found no evidence of any decline of this association over time, it is significantly weaker for gender role attitudes related to the public sphere. Our findings imply that television viewing may strengthen an “egalitarian essentialism ideology,” that is, a discrepancy between the endorsement of gender equity in the public sphere/workplace and the persistence of traditional views regarding the private/domestic sphere.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"396 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46270902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.2011344
Corinna Oschatz, J. Niederdeppe, Jiawei Liu
ABSTRACT Narrative messages are assumed to be more effective in changing recipients' attitudes than non-narrative messages. However, empirical evidence to support this assumption is sparse. We incorporated theoretical assumptions about the mechanisms of narrative persuasion into the two-step model of defensive processing to test whether narratives were more effective in changing recipients' attitudes toward legalizing marijuana for recreational use. We conducted two parallel experiments, one in Germany (N = 157) and one in the United States (N = 399). Our findings did not support the general assumption that narratives were more effective than non-narrative messages. However, prior attitudes were identified as an important unique factor in shaping recipients' transportation and identification and, in turn, the recipients' attitudes.
{"title":"The role of prior attitudes in narrative persuasion: Evidence from a cross-national study in Germany and the United States","authors":"Corinna Oschatz, J. Niederdeppe, Jiawei Liu","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.2011344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.2011344","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Narrative messages are assumed to be more effective in changing recipients' attitudes than non-narrative messages. However, empirical evidence to support this assumption is sparse. We incorporated theoretical assumptions about the mechanisms of narrative persuasion into the two-step model of defensive processing to test whether narratives were more effective in changing recipients' attitudes toward legalizing marijuana for recreational use. We conducted two parallel experiments, one in Germany (N = 157) and one in the United States (N = 399). Our findings did not support the general assumption that narratives were more effective than non-narrative messages. However, prior attitudes were identified as an important unique factor in shaping recipients' transportation and identification and, in turn, the recipients' attitudes.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"376 - 395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2021.1998565
J. Bonito, Joann Keyton
ABSTRACT Group participants often develop a range of problem solutions before discussion. We addressed whether, and at what level of analysis, initial opinions influence discussion and perceptions of decision outcomes. The Group Valence Model (GVM) presents a dual-process approach to interaction and decision making as a function of the distribution of supportive and oppositional comments. GVM predicts that discussion reflects individual-level opinions until a group solution emerges, whereupon discussion is influenced by group-level factors. Data from four previous studies were machine-coded for supportive and oppositional statements. Results indicated that the model holds in some degree at the group level but not at the individual level. Discussion focuses on mechanisms that drive interaction prior to the emergence of a group-level solution.
{"title":"A valence-based account of group interaction and decision making","authors":"J. Bonito, Joann Keyton","doi":"10.1080/03637751.2021.1998565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2021.1998565","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Group participants often develop a range of problem solutions before discussion. We addressed whether, and at what level of analysis, initial opinions influence discussion and perceptions of decision outcomes. The Group Valence Model (GVM) presents a dual-process approach to interaction and decision making as a function of the distribution of supportive and oppositional comments. GVM predicts that discussion reflects individual-level opinions until a group solution emerges, whereupon discussion is influenced by group-level factors. Data from four previous studies were machine-coded for supportive and oppositional statements. Results indicated that the model holds in some degree at the group level but not at the individual level. Discussion focuses on mechanisms that drive interaction prior to the emergence of a group-level solution.","PeriodicalId":48176,"journal":{"name":"Communication Monographs","volume":"89 1","pages":"260 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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