Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075
Daniel B. Jones , Randall Walsh , Jiangnan Zeng
This paper examines whether the election of a city council member generates highly localized benefits within their own neighborhoods. We use housing prices as a summary statistic to capture the numerous and difficult to observe ways in which local government allocates localized amenities. Drawing on data on North Carolina city council elections and the universe of housing transactions, we use a close-elections regression discontinuity strategy. We find that housing prices substantially increase for houses very close (within 0.2 miles) to a newly elected councilmember’s place of residence.
{"title":"The elected official next door","authors":"Daniel B. Jones , Randall Walsh , Jiangnan Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines whether the election of a city council member generates highly localized benefits within their own neighborhoods. We use housing prices as a summary statistic to capture the numerous and difficult to observe ways in which local government allocates localized amenities. Drawing on data on North Carolina city council elections and the universe of housing transactions, we use a close-elections regression discontinuity strategy. We find that housing prices substantially increase for houses very close (within 0.2 miles) to a newly elected councilmember’s place of residence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 104075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104061
Lukas Kuld , Sara Mitchell , Christiane Hellmanzik
We investigate quantity and quality effects of agglomeration in the careers of American authors. We combine novel yearly data on publications and work location of 471 eminent authors with US Census data to analyse industry concentration and agglomeration economies from 1850 to 2000. While finding a positive overall effect of living in New York City on the publication propensity of literary works, we focus on the heterogeneity of the effect along three axes: decade, age, and length of residency in NYC. First, the effect size correlates with industry concentration and maturity. Second, authors immediately increase publications after arriving in NYC, while the effect wanes after around 10–15 years. Third, the effect is strongest for younger authors in their 20s and 30s. In addition, works published while an author lives in New York City are more likely to achieve critical acclaim and to have lasting influence in terms of present-day popularity.
{"title":"Manhattan Transfer: Heterogeneous productivity effects of agglomeration in American authorship","authors":"Lukas Kuld , Sara Mitchell , Christiane Hellmanzik","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate quantity and quality effects of agglomeration in the careers of American authors. We combine novel yearly data on publications and work location of 471 eminent authors with US Census data to analyse industry concentration and agglomeration economies from 1850 to 2000. While finding a positive overall effect of living in New York City on the publication propensity of literary works, we focus on the heterogeneity of the effect along three axes: decade, age, and length of residency in NYC. First, the effect size correlates with industry concentration and maturity. Second, authors immediately increase publications after arriving in NYC, while the effect wanes after around 10–15 years. Third, the effect is strongest for younger authors in their 20s and 30s. In addition, works published while an author lives in New York City are more likely to achieve critical acclaim and to have lasting influence in terms of present-day popularity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 104061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104062
Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy
This paper presents a framework for assessing the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development, housing supply, and dwelling prices. We begin by developing a version of the monocentric model that features regulatory restrictions on the capital intensity of housing that vary between different residential zones. A key implication of the model is that differences in land price gradients between zones reflect differences in equilibrium floorspace. This facilitates empirical estimation of the anticipated supply response to zoning reform through the measurement of changes in land price differentials after policy announcement. We use the framework to evaluate a recently implemented reform in Auckland, New Zealand, finding that changes in land price gradients in upzoned areas compared to non-upzoned areas are consistent with an approximate 23.7% increase in floorspace. Using plausible estimates of long-run house price elasticities of demand from the extant literature, this supply increase implies that dwelling prices would be 15.1 to 26.9% higher under the counterfactual of no upzoning.
{"title":"Evaluating the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development","authors":"Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a framework for assessing the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development, housing supply, and dwelling prices. We begin by developing a version of the monocentric model that features regulatory restrictions on the capital intensity of housing that vary between different residential zones. A key implication of the model is that differences in land price gradients between zones reflect differences in equilibrium floorspace. This facilitates empirical estimation of the anticipated supply response to zoning reform through the measurement of changes in land price differentials after policy announcement. We use the framework to evaluate a recently implemented reform in Auckland, New Zealand, finding that changes in land price gradients in upzoned areas compared to non-upzoned areas are consistent with an approximate 23.7% increase in floorspace. Using plausible estimates of long-run house price elasticities of demand from the extant literature, this supply increase implies that dwelling prices would be 15.1 to 26.9% higher under the counterfactual of no upzoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 104062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104074
Youngho Kang , Dongwon Lee , Sujin Min
This paper asks whether political ideology affects local government policies through intergovernmental transfers. When local governments depend on intergovernmental transfers, and the upper-tier grantor government has a limited ability to target resources at the local level, the grantor government may use transfers to indirectly promote local public goods that reflect its political ideology. Using data from 226 South Korean municipalities within 15 regions, we show that municipalities located in regions with left-wing regional governments receive significantly more health subsidies from the regional government than those located in regions with right-wing regional governments. The increase in health subsidies leads to greater municipal health spending. Our findings are consistent with the view that party and ideology influence local government policies.
{"title":"Ideology, intergovernmental transfers, and public health spending: Evidence from South Korea","authors":"Youngho Kang , Dongwon Lee , Sujin Min","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper asks whether political ideology affects local government policies through intergovernmental transfers. When local governments depend on intergovernmental transfers, and the upper-tier grantor government has a limited ability to target resources at the local level, the grantor government may use transfers to indirectly promote local public goods that reflect its political ideology. Using data from 226 South Korean municipalities within 15 regions, we show that municipalities located in regions with left-wing regional governments receive significantly more health subsidies from the regional government than those located in regions with right-wing regional governments. The increase in health subsidies leads to greater municipal health spending. Our findings are consistent with the view that party and ideology influence local government policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104066
Yingyue Quan
Using universal firm-level data on the garment sector in Pearl River Delta, China, we show that clustered firms are more likely to be vertically disintegrated. Additionally, an increase in clustering and vertical disintegration is observed following China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. However, most models of changes in agglomeration forces fail to explain these findings. Contrary to the commonly held view that high-productivity firms sort into clusters, we show that agglomeration can disproportionately benefit less productive firms when the agglomeration force is input sharing. Empirical evidence supports this view.
{"title":"Firm sorting, clustering, and vertical disintegration: Evidence from China","authors":"Yingyue Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using universal firm-level data on the garment sector in Pearl River Delta, China, we show that clustered firms are more likely to be vertically disintegrated. Additionally, an increase in clustering and vertical disintegration is observed following China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. However, most models of changes in agglomeration forces fail to explain these findings. Contrary to the commonly held view that high-productivity firms sort into clusters, we show that agglomeration can disproportionately benefit less productive firms when the agglomeration force is input sharing. Empirical evidence supports this view.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104065
Luis Baldomero-Quintana , L. Guillermo Woo-Mora , Enrique De la Rosa-Ramos
We investigate the persistent impact of a colonial segregation policy on land values in modern Mexico City. During colonial times, Indigenous communities were confined, with varying degrees of success, to settlements known as pueblos de indios. Using historical records, we exploit quasi-random variation due to the pueblos’ catchment areas and use a Regression Discontinuity Design to estimate the causal effects of pueblos on land prices. We find a 5% land value penalty for areas affected by the colonial policy. The penalty is exacerbated for the pueblos formerly inhabited exclusively by Indigenous populations. Historical evidence and novel digitized maps reveal that these land value penalties have been driven over the past two centuries by low public goods provision, negative economic expectations, and the historical sorting of working-class individuals who built small housing structures that are second-nature factors. Moreover, in contemporary data, we observe discontinuities in housing overcrowding and public goods quality within the pueblos’ catchment areas. Our results underscore the repercussions of colonial policies on contemporary spatial equilibria, clarifying the mechanisms driving historical persistence and offering implications for urban policies.
{"title":"Infrastructures of race? Colonial indigenous segregation and contemporary land values","authors":"Luis Baldomero-Quintana , L. Guillermo Woo-Mora , Enrique De la Rosa-Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the persistent impact of a colonial segregation policy on land values in modern Mexico City. During colonial times, Indigenous communities were confined, with varying degrees of success, to settlements known as <em>pueblos de indios</em>. Using historical records, we exploit quasi-random variation due to the pueblos’ catchment areas and use a Regression Discontinuity Design to estimate the causal effects of pueblos on land prices. We find a 5% land value penalty for areas affected by the colonial policy. The penalty is exacerbated for the pueblos formerly inhabited exclusively by Indigenous populations. Historical evidence and novel digitized maps reveal that these land value penalties have been driven over the past two centuries by low public goods provision, negative economic expectations, and the historical sorting of working-class individuals who built small housing structures that are second-nature factors. Moreover, in contemporary data, we observe discontinuities in housing overcrowding and public goods quality within the pueblos’ catchment areas. Our results underscore the repercussions of colonial policies on contemporary spatial equilibria, clarifying the mechanisms driving historical persistence and offering implications for urban policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104058
Cora J.L. Wigger
Research from the 1980’s to early 2000’s documents that home values reflect characteristics of neighborhood schools, but recent shifts in education and housing could be changing these patterns. In this paper, I first revisit an old question: how are neighborhood school characteristics capitalized into the value of housing? I then ask, how has this capitalization effect changed over time? In particular, I explore variation from 2008–2023, a period marked by rapid change in school choice, recovery from a housing bust, pandemic-related disruptions, and an increasingly competitive housing market. I use a boundary discontinuity design to compare property sales on either side of elementary school boundaries and explore variation in the capitalization of a variety of school characteristics across years and school and housing conditions. Overall, I document average patterns that are highly consistent with past literature, where test scores and student racial and socioeconomic demographics significantly affect housing sales prices but measures of school growth do not. I also find that the capitalization of test scores and student demographics varies over time, coinciding with the prevalence of school choice and the competitiveness of the housing market.
{"title":"Persistence and variation of schools as housing amenities","authors":"Cora J.L. Wigger","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research from the 1980’s to early 2000’s documents that home values reflect characteristics of neighborhood schools, but recent shifts in education and housing could be changing these patterns. In this paper, I first revisit an old question: how are neighborhood school characteristics capitalized into the value of housing? I then ask, how has this capitalization effect changed over time? In particular, I explore variation from 2008–2023, a period marked by rapid change in school choice, recovery from a housing bust, pandemic-related disruptions, and an increasingly competitive housing market. I use a boundary discontinuity design to compare property sales on either side of elementary school boundaries and explore variation in the capitalization of a variety of school characteristics across years and school and housing conditions. Overall, I document average patterns that are highly consistent with past literature, where test scores and student racial and socioeconomic demographics significantly affect housing sales prices but measures of school growth do not. I also find that the capitalization of test scores and student demographics varies over time, coinciding with the prevalence of school choice and the competitiveness of the housing market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104059
Alberto Hidalgo
Tourism is an essential sector of the global economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, our understanding of its impact on urban economic activity remains limited. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of tourism on urban transformation using a dataset of hotel openings in Madrid from 2001–2010. I show that hotel openings positively impact the number of establishments and employment by using the number of protected buildings as an instrumental variable to account for the non-random distribution of hotel openings. Interestingly, hotel openings contribute to changes in the composition of the economic activities and the business structures, enhancing tourist-oriented corporate-owned businesses over other individual-owned companies. Finally, economic effects extend to the real estate market, increasing rental prices and residential investment.
{"title":"Your room is ready: Tourism and urban revival","authors":"Alberto Hidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tourism is an essential sector of the global economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, our understanding of its impact on urban economic activity remains limited. This paper aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of tourism on urban transformation using a dataset of hotel openings in Madrid from 2001–2010. I show that hotel openings positively impact the number of establishments and employment by using the number of protected buildings as an instrumental variable to account for the non-random distribution of hotel openings. Interestingly, hotel openings contribute to changes in the composition of the economic activities and the business structures, enhancing tourist-oriented corporate-owned businesses over other individual-owned companies. Finally, economic effects extend to the real estate market, increasing rental prices and residential investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104063
Marina Di Giacomo , Giovanni Perucca , Massimiliano Piacenza , Gilberto Turati
We focus on caesarean sections (C-sections) to examine access to appropriate medical care for immigrants in the Italian tax-funded universal National Health Service. We use a detailed micro-dataset to analyse whether non-native women receive different treatments compared to natives and whether there are differences between groups of non-natives defined by citizenship. For identification, we control for hospital fixed effects and maternal characteristics, and we compare the different groups by exploiting the clustering of non-natives of different nationalities in different urban areas. We find no significant differences between natives and non-natives in terms of C-sections and inappropriate C-sections. However, we do find significant differences between different groups of immigrants. In addition, we find that linguistic and socio-cultural distances are significant drivers of inequalities among non-native women. As language, habits, traditions, and beliefs can affect communication between the woman and the medical staff in many ways, we interpret our findings in terms of the ability to process and understand information between the two parties. In support of this interpretation, we find evidence of a “segregation effect”: women linguistically and socio-culturally more distant from Italy experience the greatest difficulties in accessing appropriate care when living in urban areas characterized by the presence of large immigrant communities of the same nationality. Moreover, we find that the role of linguistic and socio-cultural barriers is stronger for first-time mothers and women with non-native partners.
{"title":"Immigrants' clusters and unequal access to healthcare treatments","authors":"Marina Di Giacomo , Giovanni Perucca , Massimiliano Piacenza , Gilberto Turati","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We focus on caesarean sections (C-sections) to examine access to appropriate medical care for immigrants in the Italian tax-funded universal National Health Service. We use a detailed micro-dataset to analyse whether non-native women receive different treatments compared to natives and whether there are differences between groups of non-natives defined by citizenship. For identification, we control for hospital fixed effects and maternal characteristics, and we compare the different groups by exploiting the clustering of non-natives of different nationalities in different urban areas. We find no significant differences between natives and non-natives in terms of C-sections and inappropriate C-sections. However, we do find significant differences between different groups of immigrants. In addition, we find that linguistic and socio-cultural distances are significant drivers of inequalities among non-native women. As language, habits, traditions, and beliefs can affect communication between the woman and the medical staff in many ways, we interpret our findings in terms of the ability to process and understand information between the two parties. In support of this interpretation, we find evidence of a “segregation effect”: women linguistically and socio-culturally more distant from Italy experience the greatest difficulties in accessing appropriate care when living in urban areas characterized by the presence of large immigrant communities of the same nationality. Moreover, we find that the role of linguistic and socio-cultural barriers is stronger for first-time mothers and women with non-native partners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104056
Zhi-Chun Li , Yao Deng , André de Palma
Employer-provided parking (EP) has become a prevalent way to reduce employees' parking delays and late arrivals through offering them free or low-price parking spaces at the workplace. This paper explores the EP effects on employees' trip scheduling, employer's EP investment decision, and commercial parking operator's pricing decision. An analytical trip scheduling equilibrium model is first presented to model the interaction between EP provision and employees' departure time choices during morning commute. A profit maximization model incorporating the employee productivity is then developed to determine the employer's optimal EP investment decision. A competitive game between employer's investment decision and commercial parking operator's parking pricing decision is analytically investigated, together with the effects of EP investment on social welfare. The results show that the EP investment can lead to a win-win situation with decreased employee commuting cost and increased firm production output; and the employer would like to provide only part of the employees with EP services. The competitive game solutions depend very much on the marginal costs of EP and commercial parking spaces. The EP investment with an excessively high commercial parking fee may hurt the society due to decreased social welfare.
雇主提供停车位（EP）通过在工作场所为员工提供免费或低价停车位来减少员工的停车延误和迟到现象，已成为一种普遍的方式。本文探讨了雇主提供停车位对员工出行安排、雇主提供停车位投资决策和商业停车运营商定价决策的影响。本文首先提出了一个分析性的行程安排均衡模型，以模拟在早上通勤期间提供免费停车位与员工出发时间选择之间的相互作用。然后建立了一个包含员工生产率的利润最大化模型，以确定雇主的最佳 EP 投资决策。分析研究了雇主的投资决策与商业停车运营商的停车定价决策之间的竞争博弈，以及 EP 投资对社会福利的影响。结果表明，环境优化投资可以带来双赢局面，即员工通勤成本降低，企业生产产出增加；而雇主只愿意为部分员工提供环境优化服务。竞争博弈方案在很大程度上取决于环保型停车位和商业停车位的边际成本。环境优化投资与过高的商业停车费可能会因社会福利减少而损害社会。
{"title":"Employer-provided parking: Departure time choice, investment decision, and welfare effects","authors":"Zhi-Chun Li , Yao Deng , André de Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employer-provided parking (EP) has become a prevalent way to reduce employees' parking delays and late arrivals through offering them free or low-price parking spaces at the workplace. This paper explores the EP effects on employees' trip scheduling, employer's EP investment decision, and commercial parking operator's pricing decision. An analytical trip scheduling equilibrium model is first presented to model the interaction between EP provision and employees' departure time choices during morning commute. A profit maximization model incorporating the employee productivity is then developed to determine the employer's optimal EP investment decision. A competitive game between employer's investment decision and commercial parking operator's parking pricing decision is analytically investigated, together with the effects of EP investment on social welfare. The results show that the EP investment can lead to a win-win situation with decreased employee commuting cost and increased firm production output; and the employer would like to provide only part of the employees with EP services. The competitive game solutions depend very much on the marginal costs of EP and commercial parking spaces. The EP investment with an excessively high commercial parking fee may hurt the society due to decreased social welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48196,"journal":{"name":"Regional Science and Urban Economics","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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