Regional Science and Urban Economics最新文献

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The effect of rezoning on local housing supply and demand: Evidence from New York City 重新规划对当地住房供需的影响：来自纽约市的证据

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104188

Hsi-Ling Liao

As cities face housing affordability challenges, some local governments adopt land-use reforms to increase the residential development capacity in the city. This type of “upzoning” policy aims to increase housing supply and lower local housing costs, but it can also create positive amenity effects that attract high-income households to the neighborhood. This paper studies how the large-scale neighborhood upzoning in New York City between 2004 and 2013 affected local housing supply, prices, and residential mobility patterns using a difference-in-differences method. I compare upzoned areas and the adjacent areas outside the upzoned boundaries over time after compiling a parcel-level dataset that merges zoning amendment maps with microdata tracking individual address histories. I find that relaxing zoning regulations leads to increases in housing supply. There is also a modest increase in the probability of incumbent residents moving to a different neighborhood or leaving the metropolitan area, but they are not more likely to be displaced to lower-income areas. Finally, there is evidence that after the upzoning, in-migrants come from slightly higher-income neighborhoods. These results suggest that in this context, upzoning can both increase housing supply and change the composition of local residents in the neighborhood in the long term.

由于城市面临住房负担能力的挑战，一些地方政府采取土地使用改革来增加城市的住宅开发能力。这种“分区升级”政策旨在增加住房供应，降低当地住房成本，但它也可以产生积极的舒适效应，吸引高收入家庭到附近居住。本文采用差中差方法研究了2004 - 2013年纽约市大规模社区升级对当地住房供应、价格和居民流动模式的影响。我编制了一个包裹级数据集，将分区修改地图与跟踪个人地址历史的微数据合并在一起，然后将分区调整后的区域与分区调整边界外的邻近区域进行了比较。我发现放松分区规定会导致住房供应增加。现有居民搬到另一个社区或离开大都市地区的可能性也略有增加，但他们不太可能被转移到低收入地区。最后，有证据表明，在分区升级之后，外来移民来自收入稍高的社区。这些结果表明，在这种情况下，从长远来看，升级分区既可以增加住房供应，也可以改变社区内当地居民的构成。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of urbanization on child growth: Evidence from city-county mergers in China 城市化对儿童成长的影响：来自中国市县合并的证据

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104187

Lili Xu , Saisai Guo , Honglin Zhong , Shuai Shao

Urban children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are consistently healthier than their rural counterparts, yet causal evidence explaining this disparity remains limited. This study exploits China’s city–county merger (CCM) policy as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the causal impact of urbanization on child growth. We find consistent and robust evidence that CCM significantly reduces the prevalence of childhood stunting and wasting. Longer exposure to the policy is associated with greater declines in stunting, while the effect on wasting attenuates with child age. The impact of CCM on child growth operates primarily through improvements in nutrition supply and public services that unfold over time, as well as through pollution mitigation effects that are immediate but not sustained. These findings offer policy-relevant insights for LMICs seeking to address child growth challenges through urban reform.

低收入和中等收入国家的城市儿童始终比农村儿童健康，但解释这种差异的因果证据仍然有限。本研究以中国的市县合并政策为准自然实验，探讨城市化对儿童成长的因果影响。我们发现一致而有力的证据表明，CCM显著降低了儿童发育迟缓和消瘦的患病率。接受这项政策的时间越长，发育迟缓的发生率就越低，而对消瘦的影响随着儿童年龄的增长而减弱。CCM对儿童生长的影响主要是通过随着时间的推移逐步改善营养供应和公共服务，以及通过立竿见影但不可持续的污染缓解效果来实现的。这些发现为寻求通过城市改革解决儿童成长挑战的中低收入国家提供了与政策相关的见解。

引用次数: 0

Is compulsory inter-municipal cooperation an efficiency booster? 强制性的城市间合作是效率的助推器吗？

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104185

Federica Galli , Juan A. Piedra-Peña , Marie-Laure Breuillé , Julie Le Gallo

This paper evaluates the impact of inter-municipal cooperation on municipal efficiency in France. We exploit the “Réforme des Collectivités Territoriales” (RCT) law, approved in 2010, which forced municipalities to join an inter-municipal group (EIMC) by 2014. Focusing on Île-de-France from 2002 to 2019, we first compute municipal efficiency scores, accounting for intra- and inter-EIMC spillover effects. We then causally assess the impact of EIMC integration on municipal efficiency. We find that the RCT law increased municipal efficiency by 1.1% to 1.9%, with a stronger effect for early adopters and with increasing length of exposure.

本文评估了法国城市间合作对城市效率的影响。我们利用了2010年通过的“ )”法律，该法律迫使各市镇在2014年之前加入一个市际组织（EIMC）。以2002年至2019年的Île-de-France为研究对象，我们首先计算了城市效率得分，考虑了eimc内部和内部的溢出效应。然后，我们对EIMC整合对城市效率的影响进行了因果评估。我们发现，RCT法将市政效率提高了1.1%至1.9%，对早期采用者的影响更大，并且暴露时间越长。

引用次数: 0

The distributional consequences of tax pass-through: The case of Germany's fuel tax discount 税收传递的分配后果：以德国燃油税折扣为例

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104183

Manuel Frondel, Patrick Thiel, Colin Vance

Exploiting exogenous variation in retail fuel prices from a temporary fuel tax discount in Germany, we explore the distributional consequences emerging from differential pass-through rates over space and time. We draw on daily gasoline prices of virtually all gas stations in Germany and neighboring France, with France serving as a control site, and estimate an event study model covering the full period of the discount from June to August 2022. We find average pass-through rates on the order of 96 % for diesel and 82 % for petrol, but with substantial variability by regional income and station density. Our results additionally reveal heterogeneity over time: The magnitude of the pass-through rate dissipates sharply for both fuel types over the three months in which the discount was in effect, dropping to 46 % for diesel and 74 % for petrol by the final month, a pattern consistent with retailer responses to short-term changes in consumer attention. Taken together, our results indicate that average pass-through estimates may obscure spatial and temporal heterogeneity that bears upon the assessment of distributional effects: A back-of-the-envelope calculation indicates that 62 % of the discount's financial relief accrues to households with above-median incomes.

利用德国临时燃油税折扣引起的零售燃料价格的外生变化，我们探讨了空间和时间上差异传递率产生的分配后果。我们利用德国和邻国法国几乎所有加油站的每日汽油价格，并以法国作为对照点，估计了一个涵盖2022年6月至8月整个折扣时期的事件研究模型。我们发现柴油和汽油的平均通过率分别为96%和82%，但因地区收入和加油站密度而有很大差异。我们的研究结果还揭示了随着时间的推移的异质性：在折扣生效的三个月内，两种燃料类型的传递率的幅度急剧消散，到最后一个月，柴油和汽油的传递率分别降至46%和74%，这种模式与零售商对消费者关注的短期变化的反应一致。综上所述，我们的结果表明，平均传递估计可能会掩盖空间和时间的异质性，这对分配效应的评估有影响：一个粗略的计算表明，62%的折扣财政救济来自收入中位数以上的家庭。

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引用次数: 0

A welfare analysis of a monocentric city model under monopolistic competition with heterogeneous firms and variable elasticity of substitution preference 异质性企业垄断竞争和可变替代偏好弹性下单中心城市模型的福利分析

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104190

Tadashi Morita , Atsushi Tadokoro , Kazuhiro Yamamoto

We study the determinants of optimal city size in a monocentric city model under monopolistic competition with heterogeneous firms. By decomposing the channels through which city size expansion affects consumption behavior and welfare, we find that firm heterogeneity matters solely through Price effect, a channel specific to variable elasticity of substitution (VES) preferences. In response to city size expansion, more productive firms reduce their prices more sharply, causing consumption to shift toward the varieties they produce and enhancing welfare by correcting resource misallocation. This indicates that the Price effect under firm heterogeneity addresses a different type of resource misallocation, compared with that observed under symmetric-firm settings. We show that firm heterogeneity influences the characteristics of optimal city size by altering the nature of resource misallocation. Unlike the misallocation under symmetric firms — which causes the second-best city size (i.e., the optimal city size under market equilibrium) to deviate from the first-best level and leads to the breakdown of the Henry George Theorem (HGT) at the second-best outcome — the misallocation under heterogeneous firms does not have such effects: the second-best city size can coincide with the first-best level, and the HGT can hold at the second-best outcome.

本文研究了异质性企业垄断竞争下单中心城市模型中最优城市规模的决定因素。通过分解城市规模扩张影响消费行为和福利的渠道，我们发现企业异质性仅通过价格效应起作用，这是一种特定于可变替代弹性（VES）偏好的渠道。作为对城市规模扩张的回应，生产率更高的企业更大幅度地降低价格，导致消费转向他们生产的品种，并通过纠正资源错配提高福利。这表明，与在对称企业环境下观察到的情况相比，企业异质性下的价格效应解决了一种不同类型的资源错配。研究表明，企业异质性通过改变资源错配的性质影响最优城市规模的特征。不像对称企业下的错配——导致次优城市规模（即市场均衡下的最优城市规模）偏离第优水平，并导致亨利·乔治定理（HGT）在次优结果下失效——异质企业下的错配没有这样的影响：次优城市规模可以与第优水平一致，HGT可以保持在次优结果。

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引用次数: 0

Public housing and market segmentation: Evidence from the Joint Property Ownership scheme in China 公共住房与市场分割：来自中国共有产权制的证据

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104164

Keyang Li , Shidong Su , Fan Zhang , Yanjiang Zhang

In this study, we examine the impact of owner-occupied public housing supply on private housing market outcomes, taking the Joint Property Ownership (JPO) scheme in China as an example. Using a dataset of resale private housing transactions in Beijing, we show that the opening of JPO projects for sale raises the prices of nearby resale private housing transactions by 5.7% relative to the opening of new private residential projects. Our result is not driven by the change in neighborhood composition, the establishment of new facilities, or the difference in location between JPO and private projects. Instead, the effect is consistent with the hypothesis that the JPO scheme, featured by strict purchase restrictions and shared property right ownership between the local government and homebuyers, has crowded out the supply of new private housing in local areas by creating a distinct housing market segment.

在本研究中，我们以中国的共有产权制（JPO）为例，考察了自有住房供应对私人住房市场结果的影响。使用北京二手房交易数据集，我们表明，相对于新私人住宅项目的开放，JPO项目的开放使附近二手房交易的价格提高了5.7%。我们的研究结果不是由社区组成的变化、新设施的建立或JPO与私人项目之间的位置差异所驱动的。相反，这种效应与以下假设是一致的：JPO计划以严格的购房限制和地方政府与购房者共有产权为特征，通过创造一个独特的住房市场细分，挤占了当地新建私人住房的供应。

引用次数: 0

College access and notability in the United States 在美国上大学的机会和知名度

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104166

Samuel Stemper

I use comprehensive geolocated data on prominent, famous, and influential Americans across various fields born throughout the 19th and 20th centuries to characterize the distribution and determinants of notability rates across the U.S. I combine this data with information on college site selection experiments — historical instances in which multiple candidate locations were considered as the sites of new colleges — to estimate the effect of college access on notability. Comparing notability rates in counties selected for a college to those in runner-up counties indicates that college placement generates a large, immediate, and persistent increase in notability rates. Analysis of Wikipedia biographies shows that roughly 10 percent of notable individuals in winning counties from eligible cohorts attended the new college. Suggestive evidence also suggests that broader shifts in county educational composition may be a potential driver of increased notability rates.

我使用了19世纪和20世纪出生在各个领域的杰出的、著名的和有影响力的美国人的综合地理位置数据来描述美国知名度的分布和决定因素。我将这些数据与大学选址实验的信息结合起来——在历史实例中，多个候选地点被认为是新大学的所在地——来估计大学入学对知名度的影响。将入选大学的郡县的显着率与排名第二的郡县的显着率进行比较表明，大学安置会产生显着率的大幅、即时和持续的增长。对维基百科传记的分析显示，在符合条件的人群中，获胜县大约有10%的知名人士就读于这所新学院。暗示性的证据还表明，郡县教育结构的广泛变化可能是显著率上升的潜在驱动因素。

引用次数: 0

Housing market responses to the mortgage interest deduction 楼市对房贷利息扣除的反应

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104165

Sven Damen , Geert Goeyvaerts

This paper examines the impact of tax subsidies for homeowners on the housing market. In 2015, the Belgian regions became responsible for the tax subsidy after having been under federal control. The average present value of the subsidies decreased significantly more in Flanders than in Wallonia. Exploiting this variation in a difference-in-differences design, we find that the reduction in the subsidy largely capitalized into the price of housing and undeveloped land while their quantities remained unaffected. These results imply that the tax subsidies for buyers are largely passed on to sellers through higher prices. The latter group is the main winner when the subsidies are introduced, but will also be the main loser when they are repealed.

本文考察了住房税收补贴对住房市场的影响。2015年，比利时地区在受到联邦控制后开始负责税收补贴。法兰德斯的补贴平均现值下降幅度明显大于瓦隆尼亚。利用差中差设计的这种变化，我们发现补贴的减少在很大程度上转化为住房和未开发土地的价格，而它们的数量却不受影响。这些结果表明，买方的税收补贴在很大程度上通过更高的价格转嫁给了卖方。当补贴被引入时，后者是主要的赢家，但当补贴被废除时，后者也将是主要的输家。

引用次数: 0

Finding a better job: The geography of socio-professional mobility during working life 找一份更好的工作：职业生涯中社会职业流动的地理

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104162

Paul Charruau , Anne Epaulard

What determines the chances of moving up or down to better or worse jobs? We examine how local labor markets influence individuals’ socio-professional mobility throughout their working lives, focusing on large promotions and demotions. Using an empirical strategy that accounts for spatial sorting bias, applied to a sample of approximately 350,000 workers in France between 2009 and 2015, we find that job density, local human capital, and labor market size significantly increase the likelihood of being promoted to a higher socio-professional status. The effect of local factors is stronger for external promotions (outside the firm) than for internal ones. Moreover, experience accumulated in the most densely populated and educated areas continues to enhance promotion prospects, even after relocating to less dense or educated areas. This dynamic effect of promotion explains around 16% of the wage premium associated with experience in dense areas. Finally, we show that agglomerations effects on promotion are driven more by human capital externalities and proximity to other dense markets than by pure urbanization or scale effects.

是什么决定了你晋升或降级到更好或更差的工作的机会？我们研究了当地劳动力市场如何影响个人在整个工作生涯中的社会职业流动性，重点是大规模的晋升和降职。利用考虑空间分类偏差的实证策略，我们对2009年至2015年间法国约35万名工人的样本进行了研究，发现工作密度、当地人力资本和劳动力市场规模显著增加了晋升到更高社会职业地位的可能性。本地因素对外部晋升（公司外部）的影响比对内部晋升的影响更大。此外，在人口最密集和受教育程度最高的地区积累的经验继续提高晋升的前景，即使在迁移到人口较少或受教育程度较低的地区之后也是如此。这种晋升的动态效应解释了大约16%的工资溢价与人口密集地区的经验有关。最后，我们发现集聚效应对晋升的影响更多地是由人力资本外部性和与其他密集市场的接近性驱动的，而不是纯粹的城市化或规模效应。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of urban redevelopment for mitigating earthquake damage risk on land values 城市重建以减轻地震破坏风险对土地价值的影响

IF 2.9 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104144

Mizuki Kawabata , Michio Naoi , Shohei Yasuda

We examine the impact of urban redevelopment for mitigating earthquake damage risk on land values using a spatial regression discontinuity (RD) design. Our analysis exploits the risk discontinuity at the boundaries of dense urban districts with extremely high earthquake damage risk (high-risk DUDs) in Tokyo, using data on high-risk DUDs in 2012, 2017, and 2020. The cross-sectional RD estimates demonstrate that land values are consistently higher just outside than just inside the boundaries of high-risk DUDs that existed in 2012 but were removed by 2017 under urban redevelopment initiatives. The RD estimates further reveal that the discontinuous gap in land values at the boundaries of the former high-risk DUDs diminished over time. The differences in the RD estimates before and after the removal of high-risk DUDs between 2012 and 2017 indicate that this removal reduced the discontinuity at the former high-risk DUD boundaries, leading to a relative increase in land values of 1.5% by 2017 and 2.0% by 2020. These findings suggest that mitigating earthquake damage risk through urban redevelopment contributes to a progressive appreciation in land values.

我们使用空间回归不连续（RD）设计来研究城市重建对减轻地震破坏风险的土地价值的影响。我们的分析利用了东京具有极高地震破坏风险（高风险DUDs）的密集城区边界的风险不连续，使用了2012年、2017年和2020年的高风险DUDs数据。横断面RD估计表明，2012年存在但在2017年城市重建计划下被拆除的高风险dud的边界外的土地价值始终高于边界内的土地价值。RD估算进一步显示，在前高风险DUDs边界的土地价值不连续差距随着时间的推移而缩小。2012年至2017年移除高风险DUD前后的RD估算差异表明，移除减少了以前高风险DUD边界的不连续性，导致2017年和2020年的土地价值相对增长1.5%和2.0%。这些发现表明，通过城市重建来减轻地震破坏风险有助于土地价值的逐步升值。

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