Regional Science and Urban Economics最新文献

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Complexity and colocation of the college-educated: Sort of complements 受过大学教育的人的复杂性和位置：有点互补

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104105

Curtis J. Simon

Kremer (1993) proposed that complementarity between highly skilled workers who are employed in firms with complex production processes would motivate both the firms and the workers they employ to colocate geographically, but thus far empirical work has focused on complementarity at the firm and industry level. This paper uses Census and American Community Survey data between 1960 and 2020 on 561 cities to present new evidence on high-skill complementarity among college-educated workers at and below the city level. The findings include: (1) More complex occupations and industries employ higher college shares; (2) Cities with higher overall college shares employ higher college shares within an industry or occupation; (3) More complex industries and occupations tend to exhibit larger gradients of college share with respect to city college share; (4) Cities with higher college shares tend to house more complex mixes of industries and occupations; (5) Below the city level, (a) college share in an industry tends to be higher, the higher the college share in industries up- and downstream; (b) college share in an occupation tends to be higher, the higher the college share in the remainder of the industry; and (6) More complex industries and occupations tend to exhibit larger (sub-city) gradients. Finally, analysis of college wages supports the hypothesis that productivity-related factors are at work.

Kremer（1993）提出，在具有复杂生产过程的企业中雇用的高技能工人之间的互补性会激励企业及其雇用的工人在地理上进行协同工作，但迄今为止，实证工作主要集中在企业和行业层面上的互补性。本文利用1960年至2020年561个城市的人口普查和美国社区调查数据，为城市及城市以下受过大学教育的工人之间的高技能互补性提供了新的证据。研究发现：(1)越复杂的职业和行业，大学生比例越高；(2)高校总体比例较高的城市在某一行业或职业中高校比例较高；(3)越复杂的行业和职业，高校份额相对于城市高校份额的梯度越大；(4)大学比例较高的城市往往容纳了更复杂的行业和职业组合；(5)在城市层级以下，(a)高校在某一行业的份额越高，上下游行业的高校份额越高；(b)大学在某一职业中所占比例越高，该职业在该行业的其他职业中所占比例越高；(6)越复杂的行业和职业呈现出更大的（副城市）梯度。最后，对大学工资的分析支持了生产率相关因素在起作用的假设。

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引用次数: 0

Immigrants and entrepreneurship: A road for talent or just the only road? 移民与创业：人才之路还是唯一之路？

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104093

Susana Iranzo

The available evidence suggests that migrant entrepreneurs contribute to a country’s growth and innovation, but entrepreneurship might also be chosen by less talented migrants who have limited chances in the labor market. This paper develops a theoretical framework that features specific constraints migrants face to better understand the mechanisms at play in their occupational choices. I test the model predictions using data for Spain right after the migration boom occurred from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. I find that human capital losses upon arrival are largely responsible for the low propensities to self-employment of the three largest migrant groups (Romanians, Moroccans and Ecuadorians) observed in the data. Also, I find no evidence of negative sorting into self-employment. Yet, the relatively large self-employment rate of Moroccans, once human capital is properly accounted for, and their low entrepreneurial quality is consistent with this group of migrants being subject to penalties in the labor market associated to information problems that push them into self-employment.

现有证据表明，移民企业家对一个国家的增长和创新做出了贡献，但创业也可能是那些在劳动力市场上机会有限、天赋较低的移民选择的。本文发展了一个理论框架，其中包含了移民面临的具体约束，以更好地理解他们在职业选择中发挥作用的机制。我用西班牙的数据测试了模型的预测，西班牙在20世纪90年代中期到21世纪头十年中期出现了移民热潮。我发现，在数据中观察到的三个最大的移民群体（罗马尼亚人、摩洛哥人和厄瓜多尔人）的自营职业倾向较低，主要原因是抵达后的人力资本损失。此外，我没有发现任何证据表明消极因素会被归为个体经营。然而，一旦适当考虑到人力资本，摩洛哥人的自营职业率相对较高，他们的创业素质较低，这与这群移民在劳动力市场上受到与迫使他们自营职业的信息问题有关的惩罚是一致的。

引用次数: 0

Empirical behaviour of Anselin et al.’s locally robust LM tests for spatial dependence in a panel data setting Anselin等人的局部鲁棒LM测试在面板数据设置中的空间依赖性的经验行为

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104106

Giovanni Millo

A key issue in spatial models is to appropriately specify the spatial effect. Robust Lagrange Multipliers (RLM) tests have long been popular in spatial econometrics for discriminating between spatial lag and spatial error processes. A review of the recent applied literature shows how they are often (mis)applied in a panel context, where further issues arise the tests were not designed to address in the first place: individual or time heterogeneity and time persistence. We address the performance of RLM tests in spatial panels through Monte Carlo simulation showing that they can become virtually useless as a specification device under substantial individual and especially time heterogeneity, regardless whether correlated or not; or in the presence of spatially lagged regressors. Accounting for unobserved effects by demeaning the data or adding dummies restores the good properties of the RLM. The presence of spatially lagged regressors remains instead problematic. We conclude with suggestions for improving applied practice.

空间模型的一个关键问题是适当地指定空间效应。鲁棒拉格朗日乘数（RLM）检验在空间计量经济学中一直很受欢迎，用于区分空间滞后和空间误差过程。对最近的应用文献的回顾表明，它们如何经常（错误地）应用于小组背景下，在这种情况下，出现了进一步的问题，这些测试最初并没有设计用于解决：个体或时间异质性和时间持久性。我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟解决了空间面板中RLM测试的性能问题，结果表明，无论是否相关，在大量个体和特别是时间异质性下，RLM测试作为规范设备几乎是无用的；或者在存在空间滞后回归的情况下。通过降低数据或添加假人来考虑未观察到的影响，可以恢复RLM的良好特性。空间滞后回归量的存在仍然存在问题。最后提出了改进应用实践的建议。

引用次数: 0

Bridging policy and prices: Causal evidence of housing renovation subsidies on property values in Italy 衔接政策和价格：意大利住房翻新补贴对房地产价值的因果证据

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104095

Marta Crispino, Michele Loberto

This paper investigates the impact of a government renovation subsidy program on housing prices, with a focus on the Italian region of Piemonte. We exploit a spatial discontinuity in the eligibility criteria for a tax credit targeting anti-seismic renovations and employ a difference-in-differences methodology to assess the policy’s effects. Our findings show that prices of apartments eligible for the subsidy increased by 3.2 percent more compared to those of ineligible properties. This increase rises to 11.2 percent when considering only single-family detached homes.

本文调查了政府翻新补贴计划对房价的影响，重点是意大利皮埃蒙特地区。我们利用了针对抗震改造的税收抵免资格标准的空间不连续，并采用了差异中的差异方法来评估政策的效果。我们的研究结果显示，与不符合补贴条件的公寓相比，符合补贴条件的公寓价格上涨了3.2%。如果只考虑独栋独立式住宅，这一增幅将达到11.2%。

引用次数: 0

Roads, transit and spatial patterns of urbanization in São Paulo: Evidence from the second half of the twentieth century 圣保罗的道路、交通和城市化的空间格局：来自20世纪下半叶的证据

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104092

Adriano Borges Costa , P. Christopher Zegras , Siqi Zheng

This article presents evidence of distinct long-term impacts from road and rail infrastructures on urban outgrowth and densification in São Paulo, Brazil (1947–1997) within a Global South context. Using long-difference ordinary least squares models and an instrumental variable approach, we find that the construction of avenues and arterial roads across urbanized areas drove urban expansion and accounted for forty percent of the outgrowth during this 50-year period. In contrast, rail transit investments fostered vertical neighborhood development responsible for one-third of the increase in floor area ratio, while also promoting land use specialization by attracting commercial buildings to central areas and stimulating residential real estate development in peripheral zones. Our findings align with patterns observed in the Global North, reinforcing the broader relationship between transportation investments and urban form.

本文展示了在全球南方背景下，道路和铁路基础设施对巴西圣保罗（1947-1997）城市发展和密度化的明显长期影响的证据。利用长差普通最小二乘模型和工具变量方法，我们发现，在这50年期间，城市化地区的大道和主干道的建设推动了城市扩张，占城市增长的40%。相比之下，轨道交通投资促进了垂直社区的发展，占容积率增长的三分之一，同时也通过吸引商业建筑到中心地区和刺激周边地区的住宅房地产开发来促进土地使用专业化。我们的研究结果与全球北方观察到的模式一致，强化了交通投资与城市形态之间更广泛的关系。

引用次数: 0

Health facility quality peer effects: Are financial incentives necessary? 卫生设施质量同伴效应：是否需要财政激励？

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104091

Finn McGuire , Rita Santos , Peter C. Smith , Nicholas Stacey , Ijeoma Edoka , Noemi Kreif

This paper examines peer effects in health facility quality in South Africa. Specifically, we investigate whether health facilities adapt their quality in response to changes in the quality of peer facilities, even in the absence of material incentives for doing so. Using a national census of public primary health facilities, we exploit data on structural and process components of quality, examining how these measures change from 2015 to 2017. We examine facilities strategic interactions using both a spatial econometrics approach and a more traditional quasi-experimental approach exploiting a quality improvement program as a source of exogeneous variation to estimate the response of facilities to changes in the quality of their peers. We find evidence of quality peer effects between primary health care facilities, with a 10-unit increase in average District facility quality causing facilities to increase their quality by 3.6 units. Given the lack of financial incentives, we propose prosocial motivation and reputational concerns as the mechanism inducing facilities to respond to changes in peer quality. This finding is consistent with recent literature which has stressed the role measurement and public reporting can play in improving public service, and particularly health care, provision. Importantly, our findings have significant policy implications suggesting the provision of relative performance information, allowing for peer comparisons, can induce a form of quality yardstick competition and be a credible quality improvement policy which may be considered alongside health financing reforms.

本文考察了南非卫生设施质量中的同伴效应。具体而言，我们调查卫生机构是否调整其质量以应对同行设施质量的变化，即使在没有物质激励的情况下这样做。通过对公共初级卫生设施的全国普查，我们利用了质量的结构和过程组成部分的数据，研究了这些措施在2015年至2017年之间的变化。我们使用空间计量经济学方法和更传统的准实验方法来研究设施的战略相互作用，利用质量改进计划作为异质变化的来源来估计设施对其同行质量变化的反应。我们发现初级卫生保健设施之间存在质量对等效应的证据，平均地区设施质量提高10个单位，导致设施质量提高3.6个单位。在缺乏经济激励的情况下，我们提出了亲社会动机和声誉关注作为诱导设施响应同伴质量变化的机制。这一发现与最近强调测量和公开报告在改善公共服务，特别是卫生保健提供方面可以发挥作用的文献是一致的。重要的是，我们的研究结果具有重要的政策意义，表明提供相对绩效信息，允许同行比较，可以诱导一种形式的质量标准竞争，并且是一种可信的质量改进政策，可以与卫生融资改革一起考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Does it take extra skills to work in a large city? 在大城市工作需要额外的技能吗？

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104094

Harm Jan Rouwendal, Sierdjan Koster

This paper explores the relationship between job complexity and agglomeration. For this, we assess whether vacancies in larger cities require more skills than vacancies for similar jobs elsewhere. The use of online job vacancy data allows us to empirically analyse the spatial variation in skill requirements within occupations. Results show that jobs in dense areas require extra skills compared to similar jobs in sparsely populated areas. Moreover, we show that jobs in large cities require a more diverse skill set. This indicates that urban jobs are more complex. These findings help explain the productivity premium of cities and spatial inequalities between urban and rural labour markets.

本文探讨了工作复杂性与集聚的关系。为此，我们评估了大城市的职位空缺是否比其他地方的类似职位需要更多的技能。利用在线职位空缺数据，我们可以实证分析职业技能要求的空间差异。结果表明，与人口稀少地区的类似工作相比，人口稠密地区的工作需要额外的技能。此外，我们还表明，大城市的工作需要更多样化的技能。这表明城市工作更加复杂。这些发现有助于解释城市的生产率溢价和城乡劳动力市场的空间不平等。

引用次数: 0

The elected official next door 隔壁的民选官员

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075

Daniel B. Jones , Randall Walsh , Jiangnan Zeng

This paper examines whether the election of a city council member generates highly localized benefits within their own neighborhoods. We use housing prices as a summary statistic to capture the numerous and difficult to observe ways in which local government allocates localized amenities. Drawing on data on North Carolina city council elections and the universe of housing transactions, we use a close-elections regression discontinuity strategy. We find that housing prices substantially increase for houses very close (within 0.2 miles) to a newly elected councilmember’s place of residence.

本文考察了市议会成员的选举是否会在他们自己的社区内产生高度本地化的利益。我们使用房价作为汇总统计数据，以捕捉地方政府分配地方性设施的众多且难以观察的方式。利用北卡罗来纳州市议会选举和住房交易的数据，我们使用了一种接近选举的回归不连续策略。我们发现，距离新当选议员居住地非常近（0.2英里以内）的房屋，房价会大幅上涨。

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood impacts on human capital accumulation of adolescents and young adults in Montevideo 邻里对蒙得维的亚青少年和青壮年人力资本积累的影响

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104085

Santiago Acerenza , Nestor Gandelman , Daniel Misail

This paper explores the causal impacts of the neighborhood of residence on education outcomes for adolescents and young adults (15–24 years old) in Montevideo. We analyze educational trends from 1992 to 2019, revealing persistence and pronounced geographical segmentation between the affluent southeast and the more disadvantaged outskirts of the city. We model the neighborhood effects through the neighborhood average education level. We estimate their causal impact using a control function for addressing selection on unobservables. We find statistically significant results of a relatively large magnitude. We address heterogeneity of the effects and find that neighborhood effects are stronger for boys than girls, that family income buffers neighborhood effects, and that household education level and neighborhood education level are complements.

本文探讨了居住社区对蒙得维的亚青少年和年轻人（15-24岁）教育成果的因果影响。我们分析了1992年至2019年的教育趋势，揭示了富裕的东南地区和较贫困的郊区之间的持久性和明显的地理分割。我们通过邻里平均教育水平来模拟邻里效应。我们使用控制函数来估计它们的因果影响，以解决不可观察的选择。我们发现统计上显著的结果相对较大。我们分析了影响的异质性，发现男孩的邻里效应强于女孩，家庭收入缓冲邻里效应，家庭教育水平和邻里教育水平是互补的。

引用次数: 0

Administrative areas and regional identity formation: The case of East Germany 行政区域与区域认同的形成：以东德为例

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104088

Stefanie Gäbler , Kim Leonie Kellermann

Changing regional administrative structures may have unintended consequences for citizens’ identification with their respective regions. We exploit a historical quasi-experiment to provide novel evidence on the formation of sub-national identities with changing administrative boundaries. During the German Reunification in 1990, federal states in East Germany were re-established. Some counties were located at the intersection of former GDR districts and historical federal states, creating uncertainty about their future state affiliation. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we show that in counties with initially unclear state affiliation, voter turnout in state elections after 1990 decreases by up to 2.5 percentage points. Turnout in national and local elections does not show significant difference. We argue that the uncertainty about their regional affiliation diminished citizens’ political engagement by undermining their identification with the federal state level.

改变地区行政结构可能会对公民对各自地区的认同产生意想不到的后果。我们利用一个历史准实验来提供新的证据，证明随着行政边界的变化，次国家身份的形成。1990年两德统一期间，东德的联邦州重新建立。一些县位于前德意志民主共和国地区和历史上的联邦州的交汇处，这给它们未来的州归属创造了不确定性。使用差异中的差异方法，我们表明，在最初不明确州归属的县，1990年后州选举的选民投票率下降了2.5个百分点。全国和地方选举的投票率没有显著差异。我们认为，区域归属的不确定性削弱了公民对联邦州一级的认同，从而削弱了公民的政治参与。

引用次数: 0

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Regional Science and Urban Economics

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