Regional Science and Urban Economics最新文献

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Ethnicity and health at work during the COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病期间工作中的种族和健康状况

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104083

Joan Madia , Francesco Moscone , Catia Nicodemo

This paper explores how health-work-related illnesses and injuries have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic for different ethnic groups and by gender. We find that not all groups were affected in the same way. While almost all men in all ethnic groups were on average less likely to work during the pandemic period, women were more likely to work. We also find that Mixed Ethnic and Pakistani women who reported a higher probability of working in the reference week had a higher risk of illness/injuries at work. Meanwhile, White men and Other ethnic groups with a reduced probability of working during the pandemic had a lower risk of illness/injuries at work. Long-term illness varied by ethnicity and gender, with men experiencing a reduction and women an increase in physical and mental health issues. This research provides valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and work patterns of different ethnic groups and gender. Understanding and identifying these disparities is crucial for formulating targeted policies aimed at mitigating adverse effects and promoting equitable outcomes in regional studies and urban economics.

本文探讨了在COVID-19大流行期间，不同种族和性别的健康相关疾病和伤害的变化情况。我们发现并不是所有的群体都以同样的方式受到影响。在大流行期间，几乎所有族裔群体的所有男子平均都不太可能工作，而妇女则更有可能工作。我们还发现，混血儿和巴基斯坦裔女性在参考周工作的可能性更高，她们在工作中患病/受伤的风险更高。与此同时，在疫情期间工作的可能性较低的白人男性和其他种族群体在工作中患病/受伤的风险较低。长期疾病因种族和性别而异，男性的身体和心理健康问题减少，而女性则增加。这项研究为了解COVID-19大流行对不同族裔和性别的健康和工作模式的多方面影响提供了宝贵见解。了解和识别这些差异对于制定有针对性的政策至关重要，这些政策旨在减轻区域研究和城市经济学中的不利影响并促进公平的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Manhattan Transfer: Heterogeneous productivity effects of agglomeration in American authorship 曼哈顿转移：美国作者集聚的异质性生产力效应

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104061

Lukas Kuld , Sara Mitchell , Christiane Hellmanzik

We investigate quantity and quality effects of agglomeration in the careers of American authors. We combine novel yearly data on publications and work location of 471 eminent authors with US Census data to analyse industry concentration and agglomeration economies from 1850 to 2000. While finding a positive overall effect of living in New York City on the publication propensity of literary works, we focus on the heterogeneity of the effect along three axes: decade, age, and length of residency in NYC. First, the effect size correlates with industry concentration and maturity. Second, authors immediately increase publications after arriving in NYC, while the effect wanes after around 10–15 years. Third, the effect is strongest for younger authors in their 20s and 30s. In addition, works published while an author lives in New York City are more likely to achieve critical acclaim and to have lasting influence in terms of present-day popularity.

我们研究了集聚效应在美国作家职业生涯中的数量和质量效应。我们将471位著名作家的出版物和工作地点的年度新数据与美国人口普查数据相结合，分析了1850年至2000年的产业集中和集聚经济。在发现居住在纽约市对文学作品出版倾向的总体积极影响的同时，我们关注了三个轴上影响的异质性：十年、年龄和在纽约市居住的时间。第一，效应大小与行业集中度和成熟度相关。其次，作者在到达纽约后立即增加出版物，而效果在大约10-15年后减弱。第三，对二三十岁的年轻作家的影响最大。此外，作者在纽约生活期间出版的作品更有可能获得评论界的好评，并就当今的受欢迎程度而言产生持久的影响。

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development 评价区划改革对城市发展的长期影响

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104062

Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy

This paper presents a framework for assessing the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development, housing supply, and dwelling prices. We begin by developing a version of the monocentric model that features regulatory restrictions on the capital intensity of housing that vary between different residential zones. A key implication of the model is that differences in land price gradients between zones reflect differences in equilibrium floorspace. This facilitates empirical estimation of the anticipated supply response to zoning reform through the measurement of changes in land price differentials after policy announcement. We use the framework to evaluate a recently implemented reform in Auckland, New Zealand, finding that changes in land price gradients in upzoned areas compared to non-upzoned areas are consistent with an approximate 23.7% increase in floorspace. Using plausible estimates of long-run house price elasticities of demand from the extant literature, this supply increase implies that dwelling prices would be 15.1 to 26.9% higher under the counterfactual of no upzoning.

本文提出了一个评估分区改革对城市发展、住房供应和住宅价格的长期影响的框架。我们首先开发了一个单中心模型的版本，其特点是对住房资本密集度的监管限制在不同的住宅区之间有所不同。该模型的一个关键含义是，区域间地价梯度的差异反映了平衡建筑面积的差异。这有助于通过测量政策公布后土地价差的变化来实证估计分区改革的预期供应反应。我们使用该框架来评估新西兰奥克兰最近实施的一项改革，发现与非分区地区相比，分区后地区的土地价格梯度变化与建筑面积增加约23.7%一致。利用现有文献中对长期房价需求弹性的合理估计，这种供应增加意味着，在没有升级区划的反事实下，住宅价格将高出15.1%至26.9%。

引用次数: 0

Work-from-home and cities: An elementary spatial model 居家办公与城市：一个基本的空间模型

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104086

Jan K. Brueckner

This paper analyzes the urban impacts of hybrid WFH in the simplest possible model, relying on Leontief utility and production functions and other simplifying assumptions. The analysis shows that introduction of WFH raises both the wage and household land consumption (raising worker utility) while shrinking the size of the business district and reducing business land rent. When WFH requires home work space, the city’s overall spatial size increases, with residential rents rising in the suburbs while falling near the center. The decline in business rent and the rotation of the residential rent contour match empirical evidence showing that WFH reduces office-building values and flattens the residential rent gradient.

本文基于Leontief效用和生产函数等简化假设，在尽可能简单的模型下分析混合水水对城市的影响。分析结果表明，引入WFH不仅提高了工资水平，还提高了家庭土地消费（提高了劳动者的效用），同时还缩小了商圈面积，降低了企业土地租金。当WFH需要家庭工作空间时，城市的整体空间规模增加，郊区的住宅租金上涨，而中心附近的住宅租金下降。商业租金的下降和住宅租金等高线的旋转与实证证据相吻合，表明WFH降低了办公楼价值，使住宅租金梯度趋于平缓。

引用次数: 0

Interaction of public and private employment: Evidence from a German government move 公共和私人就业的相互作用：来自德国政府行动的证据

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104084

Giulia Faggio , Teresa Schlüter , Philipp vom Berge

We use the German government move from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to explore the interaction between public and private sector employment within a local labor market. Our findings show a positive effect of public sector expansion on private sector employment, with a local multiplier of 1.32–1.35, mainly driven by the service sector. The policy impact is highly localized, strongest within 300 m of a relocation site, and evident one year after the relocation. Three quarters of new private sector jobs were created by establishments that did not exist before 1998. These newly created jobs disproportionally employ women, younger workers, individuals in managerial and professional roles, and those with lower levels of education.

我们以1999年德国政府从波恩迁至柏林为例，探讨当地劳动力市场中公共和私营部门就业之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，公共部门扩张对私营部门就业有积极影响，其地方乘数为1.32-1.35，主要由服务业推动。政策影响是高度局域化的，在搬迁地点300米范围内影响最大，在搬迁一年后影响明显。私营部门新增就业岗位的四分之三是由1998年以前不存在的机构创造的。这些新创造的工作岗位不成比例地雇用了妇女、年轻工人、管理人员和专业人员以及受教育程度较低的人。

引用次数: 0

Equal price for equal place? Demand-driven racial discrimination in the housing market 同等地点同等价格？需求驱动的住房市场种族歧视

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104089

Anthony Lepinteur , Giorgia Menta , Sofie R. Waltl

We presented participants to an online study in Luxembourg with fictitious real-estate advertisements, tasking them to appraise the described properties. A random subset was also shown sellers’ surnames, strongly framed to signal their origins. All else equal, sellers with sub-Saharan African surnames were systematically offered lower prices — amounting to an appraisal penalty of EUR 20,000. This figure is highly heterogeneous and can amount up to around EUR 58,000 for older and low-educated participants. We provide evidence that the appraisal bias likely passes through onto final sales prices and that it may be largely due to statistical rather than taste-based discrimination.

我们在卢森堡向参与者展示了一个虚拟的房地产广告，要求他们评估所描述的房产。另外，研究人员还向随机抽取的一部分卖家展示了他们的姓氏，这些姓氏用强烈的框架来表示他们的出身。在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有撒哈拉以南非洲姓氏的卖家有系统地获得了较低的价格——相当于2万欧元的评估罚款。这一数字差异很大，对于年龄较大和受教育程度较低的参与者来说，这一数字可能高达58,000欧元左右。我们提供的证据表明，评估偏差可能会传递到最终的销售价格，这可能主要是由于统计而不是基于品味的歧视。

引用次数: 0

Voluntary retirement savings in China: A spatial ordered probit approach 中国自愿退休储蓄：空间有序probit方法

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104090

Yong Bao , Timothy N. Bond , Ruiting Sun , Xueping Xiong

This paper employs a spatial ordered probit model to study people’s voluntary retirement savings decisions using survey data collected in 2017 in China, where savings are recorded in a set of discrete ordered categories. To account for spillover effects and cross-sectional correlations, induced by for example omitted factors, we construct spatial connectivity matrices based on age and education for people located in the same province. We estimate the model using a Bayeisan scheme and discuss how to calculate various marginal effects, including those from nonstandard covariates like squared, binary, and multicategorical variables. Our empirical results indicate strong evidence of positive correlation in voluntary retirement savings decisions among high-income and low-income workers in both rural and urban areas. We find that participation in the government-managed basic pension is the strongest predictor of having high voluntary retirement savings, while the effects of income and gender vary across income-area groups.

本文采用一种空间有序probit模型，利用2017年在中国收集的调查数据研究人们自愿退休储蓄决策，其中储蓄被记录在一组离散有序类别中。为了解释溢出效应和横断面相关性，例如被忽略的因素，我们构建了基于年龄和教育程度的空间连通性矩阵。我们使用贝叶斯方案估计模型，并讨论如何计算各种边际效应，包括非标准协变量（如平方，二进制和多分类变量）的边际效应。我们的实证结果表明，在农村和城市地区的高收入和低收入工人中，自愿退休储蓄决策具有很强的正相关性。我们发现，参加政府管理的基本养老金是拥有高自愿退休储蓄的最强预测指标，而收入和性别的影响因收入区域群体而异。

引用次数: 0

Skills and the city in China 技能和中国的城市

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104082

Jianyong Fan , Nian Liu , Wei Tang

This paper examines the spatial distribution and urban wage premiums of skills in China using both population censuses and labor surveys. We document an increasing concentration and urban wage premiums of occupations requiring more cognitive tasks. In large cities, the quality of cognitive skill matching between workers and occupations is significantly enhanced. Additionally, we observe stronger learning effects for workers with higher cognitive skills in these cities. However, we do not detect an urban premium for workers with higher social skills. Instead, the returns to individual social skills are more pronounced in cities with weaker institutional environments.

本文采用人口普查和劳动力调查两种方法，对中国城市技能劳动力的空间分布和工资溢价进行了研究。我们记录了需要更多认知任务的职业越来越集中和城市工资溢价。在大城市，劳动者与职业的认知技能匹配质量显著提高。此外，我们观察到，在这些城市中，认知技能越高的工人学习效果越强。然而，我们并没有发现拥有较高社交技能的工人在城市有溢价。相反，在制度环境较弱的城市，个人社交技能的回报更为明显。

引用次数: 0

Leases over real property 不动产租赁

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104087

Dylan R. Clarke

This paper develops a model in which housing incurs a property damage for which the tenant must sue in order to be made whole. The model is analyzed under both market rents and rent control regimes, as well as for tenants with limited wealth, bilateral (tenant) investment, coinsurance, and rent abatement. The model facilitates the evaluation of several policies, such as rent control, landlord–tenant laws, income redistribution, tenant’s insurance, and rent abatement. The model makes several predictions which are consistent with empirical findings in housing economics, such as why the poor occupy housing of worse condition and how laws shifting liability onto the landlord increase the quality of housing for poor tenants as well as increase rent prices. It also nests classic hypotheses, such as the Calabresi’s efficiency of strict liability rules and the least cost avoider, in addition to clarifications on Friedman’s prediction that rent control decreases investment.

本文建立了一个房屋发生财产损失的模型，承租人必须提出诉讼才能得到赔偿。该模型在市场租金和租金管制制度、有限财富租户、双边（租户）投资、共同保险和租金减免的情况下进行了分析。该模型有助于评估若干政策，如租金管制、房东-租客法、收入再分配、租客保险和租金减免。该模型做出了一些预测，这些预测与住房经济学的实证研究结果一致，比如为什么穷人住的房子条件更差，以及法律将责任转移到房东身上，如何提高了贫困租户的住房质量，同时提高了租金价格。它还包含了经典的假设，比如卡拉布雷西的严格责任规则的效率和最小成本规避者，除了澄清弗里德曼关于租金控制会减少投资的预测。

引用次数: 0

Ideology, intergovernmental transfers, and public health spending: Evidence from South Korea 意识形态、政府间转移和公共卫生支出：来自韩国的证据

IF 3.5 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104074

Youngho Kang , Dongwon Lee , Sujin Min

This paper asks whether political ideology affects local government policies through intergovernmental transfers. When local governments depend on intergovernmental transfers, and the upper-tier grantor government has a limited ability to target resources at the local level, the grantor government may use transfers to indirectly promote local public goods that reflect its political ideology. Using data from 226 South Korean municipalities within 15 regions, we show that municipalities located in regions with left-wing regional governments receive significantly more health subsidies from the regional government than those located in regions with right-wing regional governments. The increase in health subsidies leads to greater municipal health spending. Our findings are consistent with the view that party and ideology influence local government policies.

本文探讨政治意识形态是否通过政府间转移影响地方政府政策。当地方政府依赖政府间转移支付，而上级授予政府在地方层面的资源定位能力有限时，授予政府可能会利用转移支付间接促进反映其政治意识形态的地方公共产品。利用韩国15个地区的226个直辖市的数据，我们表明，左翼地方政府所在地区的直辖市从地方政府获得的卫生补贴明显高于右翼地方政府所在地区的市政府。保健补贴的增加导致市政保健支出的增加。我们的发现与政党和意识形态影响地方政府政策的观点是一致的。

引用次数: 0

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