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Ethnicity and health at work during the COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病期间工作中的种族和健康状况
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104083
Joan Madia , Francesco Moscone , Catia Nicodemo
This paper explores how health-work-related illnesses and injuries have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic for different ethnic groups and by gender. We find that not all groups were affected in the same way. While almost all men in all ethnic groups were on average less likely to work during the pandemic period, women were more likely to work. We also find that Mixed Ethnic and Pakistani women who reported a higher probability of working in the reference week had a higher risk of illness/injuries at work. Meanwhile, White men and Other ethnic groups with a reduced probability of working during the pandemic had a lower risk of illness/injuries at work. Long-term illness varied by ethnicity and gender, with men experiencing a reduction and women an increase in physical and mental health issues. This research provides valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and work patterns of different ethnic groups and gender. Understanding and identifying these disparities is crucial for formulating targeted policies aimed at mitigating adverse effects and promoting equitable outcomes in regional studies and urban economics.
本文探讨了在COVID-19大流行期间,不同种族和性别的健康相关疾病和伤害的变化情况。我们发现并不是所有的群体都以同样的方式受到影响。在大流行期间,几乎所有族裔群体的所有男子平均都不太可能工作,而妇女则更有可能工作。我们还发现,混血儿和巴基斯坦裔女性在参考周工作的可能性更高,她们在工作中患病/受伤的风险更高。与此同时,在疫情期间工作的可能性较低的白人男性和其他种族群体在工作中患病/受伤的风险较低。长期疾病因种族和性别而异,男性的身体和心理健康问题减少,而女性则增加。这项研究为了解COVID-19大流行对不同族裔和性别的健康和工作模式的多方面影响提供了宝贵见解。了解和识别这些差异对于制定有针对性的政策至关重要,这些政策旨在减轻区域研究和城市经济学中的不利影响并促进公平的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Interaction of public and private employment: Evidence from a German government move 公共和私人就业的相互作用:来自德国政府行动的证据
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2025.104084
Giulia Faggio , Teresa Schlüter , Philipp vom Berge
We use the German government move from Bonn to Berlin in 1999 to explore the interaction between public and private sector employment within a local labor market. Our findings show a positive effect of public sector expansion on private sector employment, with a local multiplier of 1.32–1.35, mainly driven by the service sector. The policy impact is highly localized, strongest within 300 m of a relocation site, and evident one year after the relocation. Three quarters of new private sector jobs were created by establishments that did not exist before 1998. These newly created jobs disproportionally employ women, younger workers, individuals in managerial and professional roles, and those with lower levels of education.
我们以1999年德国政府从波恩迁至柏林为例,探讨当地劳动力市场中公共和私营部门就业之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明,公共部门扩张对私营部门就业有积极影响,其地方乘数为1.32-1.35,主要由服务业推动。政策影响是高度局域化的,在搬迁地点300米范围内影响最大,在搬迁一年后影响明显。私营部门新增就业岗位的四分之三是由1998年以前不存在的机构创造的。这些新创造的工作岗位不成比例地雇用了妇女、年轻工人、管理人员和专业人员以及受教育程度较低的人。
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引用次数: 0
Skills and the city in China 技能和中国的城市
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104082
Jianyong Fan , Nian Liu , Wei Tang
This paper examines the spatial distribution and urban wage premiums of skills in China using both population censuses and labor surveys. We document an increasing concentration and urban wage premiums of occupations requiring more cognitive tasks. In large cities, the quality of cognitive skill matching between workers and occupations is significantly enhanced. Additionally, we observe stronger learning effects for workers with higher cognitive skills in these cities. However, we do not detect an urban premium for workers with higher social skills. Instead, the returns to individual social skills are more pronounced in cities with weaker institutional environments.
本文采用人口普查和劳动力调查两种方法,对中国城市技能劳动力的空间分布和工资溢价进行了研究。我们记录了需要更多认知任务的职业越来越集中和城市工资溢价。在大城市,劳动者与职业的认知技能匹配质量显著提高。此外,我们观察到,在这些城市中,认知技能越高的工人学习效果越强。然而,我们并没有发现拥有较高社交技能的工人在城市有溢价。相反,在制度环境较弱的城市,个人社交技能的回报更为明显。
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引用次数: 0
The elected official next door 隔壁的民选官员
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104075
Daniel B. Jones , Randall Walsh , Jiangnan Zeng
This paper examines whether the election of a city council member generates highly localized benefits within their own neighborhoods. We use housing prices as a summary statistic to capture the numerous and difficult to observe ways in which local government allocates localized amenities. Drawing on data on North Carolina city council elections and the universe of housing transactions, we use a close-elections regression discontinuity strategy. We find that housing prices substantially increase for houses very close (within 0.2 miles) to a newly elected councilmember’s place of residence.
本文考察了市议会成员的选举是否会在他们自己的社区内产生高度本地化的利益。我们使用房价作为汇总统计数据,以捕捉地方政府分配地方性设施的众多且难以观察的方式。利用北卡罗来纳州市议会选举和住房交易的数据,我们使用了一种接近选举的回归不连续策略。我们发现,距离新当选议员居住地非常近(0.2英里以内)的房屋,房价会大幅上涨。
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引用次数: 0
Manhattan Transfer: Heterogeneous productivity effects of agglomeration in American authorship 曼哈顿转移:美国作者集聚的异质性生产力效应
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104061
Lukas Kuld , Sara Mitchell , Christiane Hellmanzik
We investigate quantity and quality effects of agglomeration in the careers of American authors. We combine novel yearly data on publications and work location of 471 eminent authors with US Census data to analyse industry concentration and agglomeration economies from 1850 to 2000. While finding a positive overall effect of living in New York City on the publication propensity of literary works, we focus on the heterogeneity of the effect along three axes: decade, age, and length of residency in NYC. First, the effect size correlates with industry concentration and maturity. Second, authors immediately increase publications after arriving in NYC, while the effect wanes after around 10–15 years. Third, the effect is strongest for younger authors in their 20s and 30s. In addition, works published while an author lives in New York City are more likely to achieve critical acclaim and to have lasting influence in terms of present-day popularity.
我们研究了集聚效应在美国作家职业生涯中的数量和质量效应。我们将471位著名作家的出版物和工作地点的年度新数据与美国人口普查数据相结合,分析了1850年至2000年的产业集中和集聚经济。在发现居住在纽约市对文学作品出版倾向的总体积极影响的同时,我们关注了三个轴上影响的异质性:十年、年龄和在纽约市居住的时间。第一,效应大小与行业集中度和成熟度相关。其次,作者在到达纽约后立即增加出版物,而效果在大约10-15年后减弱。第三,对二三十岁的年轻作家的影响最大。此外,作者在纽约生活期间出版的作品更有可能获得评论界的好评,并就当今的受欢迎程度而言产生持久的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development 评价区划改革对城市发展的长期影响
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104062
Ryan Greenaway-McGrevy
This paper presents a framework for assessing the long-run effects of zoning reform on urban development, housing supply, and dwelling prices. We begin by developing a version of the monocentric model that features regulatory restrictions on the capital intensity of housing that vary between different residential zones. A key implication of the model is that differences in land price gradients between zones reflect differences in equilibrium floorspace. This facilitates empirical estimation of the anticipated supply response to zoning reform through the measurement of changes in land price differentials after policy announcement. We use the framework to evaluate a recently implemented reform in Auckland, New Zealand, finding that changes in land price gradients in upzoned areas compared to non-upzoned areas are consistent with an approximate 23.7% increase in floorspace. Using plausible estimates of long-run house price elasticities of demand from the extant literature, this supply increase implies that dwelling prices would be 15.1 to 26.9% higher under the counterfactual of no upzoning.
本文提出了一个评估分区改革对城市发展、住房供应和住宅价格的长期影响的框架。我们首先开发了一个单中心模型的版本,其特点是对住房资本密集度的监管限制在不同的住宅区之间有所不同。该模型的一个关键含义是,区域间地价梯度的差异反映了平衡建筑面积的差异。这有助于通过测量政策公布后土地价差的变化来实证估计分区改革的预期供应反应。我们使用该框架来评估新西兰奥克兰最近实施的一项改革,发现与非分区地区相比,分区后地区的土地价格梯度变化与建筑面积增加约23.7%一致。利用现有文献中对长期房价需求弹性的合理估计,这种供应增加意味着,在没有升级区划的反事实下,住宅价格将高出15.1%至26.9%。
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引用次数: 0
Ideology, intergovernmental transfers, and public health spending: Evidence from South Korea 意识形态、政府间转移和公共卫生支出:来自韩国的证据
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104074
Youngho Kang , Dongwon Lee , Sujin Min
This paper asks whether political ideology affects local government policies through intergovernmental transfers. When local governments depend on intergovernmental transfers, and the upper-tier grantor government has a limited ability to target resources at the local level, the grantor government may use transfers to indirectly promote local public goods that reflect its political ideology. Using data from 226 South Korean municipalities within 15 regions, we show that municipalities located in regions with left-wing regional governments receive significantly more health subsidies from the regional government than those located in regions with right-wing regional governments. The increase in health subsidies leads to greater municipal health spending. Our findings are consistent with the view that party and ideology influence local government policies.
本文探讨政治意识形态是否通过政府间转移影响地方政府政策。当地方政府依赖政府间转移支付,而上级授予政府在地方层面的资源定位能力有限时,授予政府可能会利用转移支付间接促进反映其政治意识形态的地方公共产品。利用韩国15个地区的226个直辖市的数据,我们表明,左翼地方政府所在地区的直辖市从地方政府获得的卫生补贴明显高于右翼地方政府所在地区的市政府。保健补贴的增加导致市政保健支出的增加。我们的发现与政党和意识形态影响地方政府政策的观点是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Firm sorting, clustering, and vertical disintegration: Evidence from China 企业排序、集群和纵向解体:来自中国的证据
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104066
Yingyue Quan
Using universal firm-level data on the garment sector in Pearl River Delta, China, we show that clustered firms are more likely to be vertically disintegrated. Additionally, an increase in clustering and vertical disintegration is observed following China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. However, most models of changes in agglomeration forces fail to explain these findings. Contrary to the commonly held view that high-productivity firms sort into clusters, we show that agglomeration can disproportionately benefit less productive firms when the agglomeration force is input sharing. Empirical evidence supports this view.
利用中国珠江三角洲服装行业的通用企业级数据,我们发现集群企业更有可能纵向解体。此外,在中国加入世界贸易组织后,我们还观察到集群和纵向解体的增加。然而,大多数关于集聚力变化的模型都无法解释这些发现。与人们普遍认为高生产率企业会形成集群的观点相反,我们的研究表明,当集聚力为投入共享时,集聚会使生产率较低的企业不成比例地受益。经验证据支持这一观点。
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引用次数: 0
Infrastructures of race? Colonial indigenous segregation and contemporary land values 种族基础设施?殖民地土著种族隔离和当代土地价值
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104065
Luis Baldomero-Quintana , L. Guillermo Woo-Mora , Enrique De la Rosa-Ramos
We investigate the persistent impact of a colonial segregation policy on land values in modern Mexico City. During colonial times, Indigenous communities were confined, with varying degrees of success, to settlements known as pueblos de indios. Using historical records, we exploit quasi-random variation due to the pueblos’ catchment areas and use a Regression Discontinuity Design to estimate the causal effects of pueblos on land prices. We find a 5% land value penalty for areas affected by the colonial policy. The penalty is exacerbated for the pueblos formerly inhabited exclusively by Indigenous populations. Historical evidence and novel digitized maps reveal that these land value penalties have been driven over the past two centuries by low public goods provision, negative economic expectations, and the historical sorting of working-class individuals who built small housing structures that are second-nature factors. Moreover, in contemporary data, we observe discontinuities in housing overcrowding and public goods quality within the pueblos’ catchment areas. Our results underscore the repercussions of colonial policies on contemporary spatial equilibria, clarifying the mechanisms driving historical persistence and offering implications for urban policies.
我们调查了殖民隔离政策对现代墨西哥城土地价值的持续影响。在殖民时期,土著社区被限制在被称为印第安人村庄的定居点,取得了不同程度的成功。利用历史记录,我们利用普韦布洛人集水区的准随机变化,并使用回归不连续设计来估计普韦布洛人对土地价格的因果影响。我们发现受殖民政策影响的地区有5%的土地价值罚款。对于以前完全由土著居民居住的普韦布洛人来说,这种惩罚更加严重。历史证据和新颖的数字化地图显示,在过去的两个世纪里,低公共产品供应、消极的经济预期,以及建造小型住房结构的工薪阶层的历史分类,都是驱动这些土地价值惩罚的因素。此外,在当代数据中,我们观察到在普韦布洛人的集水区,住房过度拥挤和公共产品质量的不连续性。我们的研究结果强调了殖民政策对当代空间平衡的影响,阐明了推动历史持续性的机制,并为城市政策提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Persistence and variation of schools as housing amenities 学校作为住房便利设施的持续性和变化
IF 3.5 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2024.104058
Cora J.L. Wigger
Research from the 1980’s to early 2000’s documents that home values reflect characteristics of neighborhood schools, but recent shifts in education and housing could be changing these patterns. In this paper, I first revisit an old question: how are neighborhood school characteristics capitalized into the value of housing? I then ask, how has this capitalization effect changed over time? In particular, I explore variation from 2008–2023, a period marked by rapid change in school choice, recovery from a housing bust, pandemic-related disruptions, and an increasingly competitive housing market. I use a boundary discontinuity design to compare property sales on either side of elementary school boundaries and explore variation in the capitalization of a variety of school characteristics across years and school and housing conditions. Overall, I document average patterns that are highly consistent with past literature, where test scores and student racial and socioeconomic demographics significantly affect housing sales prices but measures of school growth do not. I also find that the capitalization of test scores and student demographics varies over time, coinciding with the prevalence of school choice and the competitiveness of the housing market.
20 世纪 80 年代到 21 世纪初的研究表明,房屋价值反映了社区学校的特点,但最近教育和住房的变化可能正在改变这些模式。在本文中,我首先重提了一个老问题:社区学校的特点是如何转化为住房价值的?然后我又问,这种资本化效应随着时间的推移发生了怎样的变化?特别是,我探讨了 2008-2023 年间的变化,这一时期的特点是学校选择的快速变化、住房萧条的恢复、与大流行病相关的干扰以及竞争日益激烈的住房市场。我使用边界不连续设计来比较小学边界两侧的房产销售情况,并探索不同年份、不同学校和住房条件下各种学校特征资本化的变化。总体而言,我所记录的平均模式与过去的文献高度一致,即考试成绩、学生种族和社会经济人口统计学特征会显著影响住房销售价格,但学校发展的衡量标准却不会。我还发现,随着时间的推移,考试分数和学生人口统计学的资本化程度也在变化,这与择校的盛行和住房市场的竞争性相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
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Regional Science and Urban Economics
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