Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第5页

Development of the scrupulosity inventory: A factor analysis and construct validity study 审慎性量表的开发:因子分析与结构效度研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101926

Chris H. Miller , Dawson W. Hedges , Bruce Brown , Joseph Olsen , Elijah C. Baughan

Background and objectives

Scrupulosity, despite its considerable prevalence and morbidity, remains under-investigated. The present study develops and examines the psychometric properties of a comprehensive assessment tool, the Scrupulosity Inventory (SI).

Methods

The SI, along with other measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and perfectionism, were administered to a sample (N = 150) of college undergraduates similar in size to other scale development studies of related measures. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the SI, examined its convergent and divergent validity, and assessed its ability to predict categorical diagnoses of scrupulosity using a receiver operator characteristic analysis.

Results

We found a well-fitting confirmatory bifactor model (RMSEA = 0.049) with a strong general Scrupulosity factor ( $ω_{H_{S}} = 0.907$ ) and specific factors for Personal Violations ( $ω_{H_{S}} = 0.212$ ), Ritualized Behavior ( $ω_{H_{S}} = 0.505$ ), Interference with Life ( $ω_{H_{S}} = 0.254$ ), and Problem Pervasiveness ( $ω_{H_{S}} = 0.430$ ). As predicted, we also found the strongest convergence (r = 0.63) between the SI and the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS), intermediate convergence (r = 0.54) between the SI and Perfectionism Inventory (PI), and weaker convergence (r = 0.47) between the SI and YBOCS. Finally, we found that a categorical diagnosis of scrupulosity was highly predicted by the SI (AUC = 0.84), less well-predicted by the PIOS (AUC = 0.75) and less well predicted by the YBOCS (AUC = 0.69).

Limitations

This study was conducted among a sample of undergraduates at a religiously affiliated university.

Conclusions

These results suggest utility in using the SI to measure the severity of scrupulosity symptoms and that scrupulosity and OCD may present significantly different clinical features.

背景与目的尽管糖尿病的患病率和发病率很高，但仍未得到充分的研究。本研究开发并检验了一种综合评估工具的心理测量特性，即严谨量表(SI)。方法将SI与强迫症和完美主义的其他测量方法一起应用于一个样本(N = 150)的大学生，该样本的规模与其他相关测量方法的量表开发研究相似。我们对SI进行了探索性和验证性因素分析，检验了其收敛性和发散性有效性，并使用接收算子特征分析评估了其预测谨慎性分类诊断的能力。结果验证性双因子模型(RMSEA = 0.049)具有较强的一般严谨性因子(ωHS=0.907)和个人违规(ωHS=0.212)、仪式化行为(ωHS=0.505)、干扰生活(ωHS=0.254)和问题普遍性(ωHS=0.430)的特定因子。正如预测的那样，我们还发现SI与Penn诚信量表(PIOS)之间的收敛性最强(r = 0.63)，SI与完美主义量表(PI)之间的收敛性中等(r = 0.54)，SI与YBOCS之间的收敛性较弱(r = 0.47)。最后，我们发现谨慎性的分类诊断被SI高度预测(AUC = 0.84)，被PIOS预测较差(AUC = 0.75)和被YBOCS预测较差(AUC = 0.69)。本研究是在一所宗教附属大学的本科生中进行的。结论这些结果提示使用SI来衡量严谨症状的严重程度是有用的，并且严谨和强迫症可能表现出明显不同的临床特征。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the influence of self-referential thinking on aberrant salience and jumping to conclusions bias in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders 研究自我参照思维对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者异常显著性和跳脱结论偏差的影响

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101935

Shreya Jagtap , Michael W. Best

Background and objectives

Cognitive processes such as aberrant salience and the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias are implicated in the development of delusions. Self-referential thinking is implicated in this process; however, it is unknown how it may interact with aberrant salience and JTC bias in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study examined associations of self-referential thinking with aberrant salience, JTC bias, and delusion severity, and whether self-referential stimuli led to an increase in aberrant salience and JTC bias in SSDs (n = 20) relative to psychiatrically healthy controls (n = 20).

Methods

To assess aberrant salience and JTC bias, participants were asked to complete both self-referential and neutral versions of the Salience Attribution Test (SAT) and the Beads Task, as well as self-report measures of aberrant salience and JTC bias.

Results

Self-referential task condition interacted with clinical group to predict JTC beads task scores, such that participants with SSDs exhibited greater levels of JTC bias than psychiatrically healthy controls during the neutral task condition, when controlling for levels of motivation, cognitive insight, and functioning. Self-referential thinking was significantly associated with aberrant salience, JTC bias, and delusion severity.

Limitations

This experiment examined trait-level relationships between variables, so does not provide information about state-level interrelationships and would benefit from replication using more dynamic methods such as ecological momentary assessment.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the interrelationships between self-referential thinking, JTC bias, aberrant salience, and delusion severity, in individuals with SSDs, and support the interactive role of self-referential thinking in predicting JTC bias.

背景与目的认知过程如异常显著性和跳脱性结论(JTC)偏差与妄想的发展有关。这一过程涉及自我参照思维;然而，尚不清楚它如何与精神分裂症谱系障碍(ssd)患者的异常显著性和JTC偏倚相互作用。本研究考察了自我参照思维与异常显著性、JTC偏差和妄想严重程度的关联，以及自我参照刺激是否导致ssd患者(n = 20)相对于精神健康对照组(n = 20)的异常显著性和JTC偏差增加。方法为了评估异常显著性和JTC偏差，参与者被要求完成自我参照和中立版本的显著性归因测试(SAT)和珠子任务，以及自我报告的异常显著性和JTC偏差测量。结果自我参照任务条件与临床组相互作用预测JTC珠子任务得分，因此，在控制动机、认知洞察力和功能水平时，在中性任务条件下，ssd参与者比精神健康对照组表现出更高的JTC偏差水平。自我参照思维与异常显著性、JTC偏差和妄想严重程度显著相关。该实验考察了变量之间的特征级关系，因此不能提供有关状态级相互关系的信息，并且将受益于使用更动态的方法(如生态瞬时评估)进行复制。结论ssd患者自我参照思维、JTC偏倚、异常显著性和妄想严重程度之间存在相互关系，支持自我参照思维在预测JTC偏倚中的交互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Implicit aggressive self-concept in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from an approach-avoidance task 强迫症患者的内隐攻击性自我概念:来自接近-回避任务的结果

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101927

Josefine Gehlenborg, Franziska Miegel, Steffen Moritz, Jakob Scheunemann, Amir-Hosseyn Yassari, Lena Jelinek

Background and objectives

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have reported higher anger and aggression than healthy individuals in previous studies using explicit measures. However, studies using implicit measures have demonstrated mixed results. The aim of the present study was to investigate implicit aggressiveness in OCD using an approach-avoidance task (AAT).

Methods

Seventy-eight patients with OCD and 37 healthy controls underwent structured clinical interviews and measures of anger, OCD, and depressive symptoms as well as a computerized AAT that included aggressive, peaceful, negative, and positive stimuli.

Results

In line with previous studies, patients with OCD reported higher scores on explicit anger. With respect to the implicit measure, repeated measures ANOVAs did not show any differences in mean reaction times for pushing compared to pulling aggressive versus peaceful and negative versus positive words. However, analyses of specific OCD symptom dimensions demonstrated significantly faster reaction times for pulling compared to pushing aggressive words for patients with high scores in the OCD symptom dimensions obsessing and hoarding.

Limitations

Eighty percent of patients with OCD showed psychiatric comorbidities and all were seeking treatment.

Conclusion

The present study supports previous studies reporting the absence of higher aggressiveness in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls using implicit measures. However, in contrast to previous studies, we found an implicit approach bias towards aggressive self-statements for OCD patients scoring high in the symptom dimensions obsessing and hoarding compared to healthy controls. Future studies should further elucidate putative functional relationships between different OCD symptom dimensions and implicit aggressiveness.

背景与目的在以往的研究中，强迫症(OCD)患者的愤怒和攻击性高于健康人。然而，使用隐式测量的研究显示了不同的结果。本研究的目的是利用趋近-回避任务(AAT)来研究强迫症的内隐攻击性。方法78名强迫症患者和37名健康对照者进行了结构化的临床访谈，测量了愤怒、强迫症和抑郁症状，并进行了计算机化的AAT，包括攻击性、平和性、消极和积极刺激。结果与之前的研究一致，强迫症患者在显性愤怒上的得分更高。对于内隐测量，重复测量方差分析没有显示推与拉的平均反应时间有任何差异，攻击性与和平，消极与积极词汇。然而，对特定强迫症症状维度的分析表明，在强迫症症状维度上得分较高的患者，在拉动攻击性词语时的反应时间明显快于推动攻击性词语时的反应时间。局限性:80%的强迫症患者表现出精神上的合并症，并且都在寻求治疗。结论本研究支持先前的研究报告，使用内隐测量方法，强迫症患者与健康对照组相比没有更高的攻击性。然而，与之前的研究相比，我们发现强迫症患者的内隐方法倾向于攻击性自我陈述，与健康对照组相比，强迫症患者在症状维度上得分较高。未来的研究应进一步阐明强迫症不同症状维度与内隐攻击性之间的功能关系。

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引用次数: 0

Implicit beliefs and automatic associations in smoking 吸烟的内隐信念和自动联想

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101925

Helen Tibboel , Bram Van Bockstaele , Adriaan Spruyt , Ingmar Franken

Background and objectives

Dual process models of addiction suggest that controlled, goal-directed processes prevent drug-use, whereas impulsive, stimulus-driven processes promote drug-use. The most frequently used measure of automatic smoking-related processes, the implicit association test (IAT), has yielded mixed results. We examine the validity of two alternative implicit measures: 1) the affect misattribution procedure (AMP), a measure of automatic evaluations, and 2) the relational responding task (RRT), a measure of implicit beliefs.

Methods

Smokers and non-smokers performed smoking-related versions of the AMP and the RRT and filled in questionnaires for smoking dependence. Smokers participated in two sessions: once after they just smoked, and once after being deprived for 10 h. Smokers also kept a smoking diary for a week after the second session.

Results

We found significant differences between smokers and non-smokers on the RRT, t (86) = 2.86, p = .007, d = 0.61, and on the AMP, F (1, 85) = 6.22, p = .015, _pƞ² = 0.07. Neither the AMP nor the RRT were affected by the deprivation manipulation. Smoking dependence predicted smoking behavior in the following week; the AMP and RRT did not explain additional variance.

Limitations

Possibly, our manipulation was not strong enough to affect the motivational state of participants in a way that it changed their implicit cognitions. Future research should examine the sensitivity of implicit measures to (motivational) context.

Conclusions

We found limited evidence for the validity of the smoking-AMP and the smoking-RRT, highlighting the need for a critical view on implicit measures.

成瘾的双重过程模型表明，受控的、目标导向的过程可以防止吸毒，而冲动的、刺激驱动的过程则可以促进吸毒。最常用的自动吸烟相关过程的测量，内隐联想测试(IAT)，产生了不同的结果。我们研究了两种可选的内隐测量的效度:1)影响错误归因程序(AMP)，一种自动评估的测量，以及2)关系反应任务(RRT)，一种内隐信念的测量。吸烟者和非吸烟者进行了与吸烟相关的AMP和RRT测试，并填写了吸烟依赖问卷。吸烟者参加了两个阶段:一次是在他们刚吸完烟之后，另一次是在被剥夺了10个小时之后。吸烟者在第二阶段之后还记录了一周的吸烟日记。我们发现吸烟者和非吸烟者在RRT上有显著差异，t (86) = 2.86, p = 0.007, d = 0.61，在AMP上，F (1,85) = 6.22, p = 0.015, pƞ2 = 0.07。AMP和RRT均未受到剥夺操作的影响。吸烟依赖预测下一周吸烟行为;AMP和RRT不能解释额外的方差。可能，我们的操纵还不足以影响参与者的动机状态，从而改变他们的内隐认知。未来的研究应该考察内隐测量对(动机)语境的敏感性。我们发现吸烟- amp和吸烟- rrt有效性的证据有限，突出了对隐性测量的批判性观点的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

A preliminary investigation of the causal role of social media use in eating disorder symptoms 社交媒体使用在饮食失调症状中的因果作用的初步调查。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101923

Laura Dondzilo , Tamsin Mahalingham , Patrick J.F. Clarke

Background and objectives

Research has consistently shown that greater social media use is associated with elevated eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Importantly, however, the investigation of this relationship has largely relied upon the use of self-report measures of social media use in the context of correlational designs. Given that correlational studies do not permit inferences regarding causation, and recent findings questioning the validity of self-report social media use, it is critical to corroborate past findings using experimental designs and objective measures. The current study sought to experimentally determine the potential causal impact of social media use in ED symptoms.

Methods

Participants completed an initial testing session to assess objective smartphone social media use and ED symptoms, following which they were randomly assigned to either suspend social media use for one week or use social media as usual. One week later, participants completed a second testing session to again assess social media use and ED symptoms.

Results

Results revealed that the manipulation exerted an impact on ED symptoms, such that participants who successfully reduced social media use exhibited a significant reduction in ED symptoms, and these symptoms were significantly attenuated as compared to participants in the control condition.

Limitations

The current study did not employ an active control condition and almost a quarter of participants were excluded due to dropout or non-compliance.

Conclusion

Findings are consistent with the causal impact of social media use in ED symptoms and suggest that a brief social media ‘holiday’ may reduce ED symptoms in undergraduate students.

背景和目的：研究一致表明，更多地使用社交媒体与进食障碍（ED）症状升高有关。然而，重要的是，对这种关系的调查在很大程度上依赖于在相关设计的背景下使用社交媒体使用的自我报告措施。鉴于相关研究不允许对因果关系进行推断，而且最近的研究结果质疑了自我报告社交媒体使用的有效性，因此使用实验设计和客观测量来证实过去的研究结果至关重要。目前的研究试图通过实验确定社交媒体使用对ED症状的潜在因果影响。方法：参与者完成了一次初步测试，以评估智能手机社交媒体的客观使用和ED症状，之后他们被随机分配为暂停社交媒体使用一周或照常使用社交媒体。一周后，参与者完成了第二次测试，再次评估社交媒体的使用和ED症状。结果：结果显示，操作对ED症状产生了影响，因此成功减少社交媒体使用的参与者表现出ED症状的显著减少，并且与对照条件下的参与者相比，这些症状显著减轻。局限性：目前的研究没有采用主动控制条件，近四分之一的参与者因辍学或不遵守规定而被排除在外。结论：研究结果与社交媒体使用对ED症状的因果影响一致，并表明短暂的社交媒体“假期”可以减少本科生的ED症状。

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引用次数: 0

Using experience sampling methodology (ESM) to improve our understanding of day-to-day intrusion frequency and related distress in survivors of trauma 使用经验抽样方法（ESM）来提高我们对创伤幸存者日常入侵频率和相关痛苦的理解。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101921

Alexandra R. Canty , Tim D. Windsor , Reginald D.V. Nixon

Background and objectives

Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that appraisals of traumatic sequelae and subsequent distress drive the development and maintenance of PTSD. Posttraumatic research has relied heavily on macro-longitudinal designs, with weeks or months between assessments of trauma-related cognitions and symptoms. The present study uses experience sampling methodology (ESM) better understand the day-to-day experiences of trauma exposed individuals.

Methods

One-hundred trauma exposed adults reported their posttraumatic symptoms, interpretations, and behaviours four times a day over a 10-day ESM period.

Results

As anticipated, within-person fluctuations in negative appraisals of intrusions and maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., thought suppression) were significantly positively associated with intrusion frequency and related distress. In all cases, the associations for negative appraisals and maladaptive coping were stronger with intrusion related distress than intrusion frequency.

Limitations

The observed contemporaneous associations only demonstrate that variables reliably fluctuated together and cannot indicate causality.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that day-to-day fluctuations in trauma related perceptions and sequelae are significant and should be explored alongside broader individual differences to advance our understanding of the development, maintenance, and treatment of PTSD.

背景和目的：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的认知模型表明，对创伤后遗症和随后的痛苦的评估推动了PTSD的发展和维持。创伤后研究在很大程度上依赖于宏观纵向设计，对创伤相关认知和症状的评估间隔数周或数月。本研究使用经验抽样方法（ESM）更好地了解创伤暴露个体的日常经历。方法：在为期10天的ESM期间，100名暴露于创伤的成年人每天四次报告他们的创伤后症状、解释和行为。结果：正如预期的那样，对入侵的负面评价和不适应的应对策略（如思维抑制）的人内波动与入侵频率和相关痛苦显著正相关。在所有情况下，消极评价和不适应应对与入侵相关的痛苦的关联比入侵频率更强。局限性：观察到的同期关联只表明变量可靠地一起波动，不能表明因果关系。结论：研究结果表明，创伤相关认知和后遗症的日常波动是显著的，应该与更广泛的个体差异一起探讨，以促进我们对创伤后应激障碍的发展、维持和治疗的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Beliefs about losing control and other OCD-related cognitions: An experimental investigation 关于失去控制的信念和其他强迫症相关认知：一项实验调查。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101919

Andrea Sandstrom, Adam S. Radomsky

Background and objectives

Cognitive theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest that dysfunctional beliefs influence symptoms. However, well-established belief domains do not fully explain OCD symptomatology, suggesting other cognitive mechanisms may be involved. An additional belief domain which may play a role in OCD is beliefs about losing control. Indeed, these beliefs have been found to be associated with OCD symptoms. However, the relationships between beliefs about losing control and other OCD phenomena, including other relevant dysfunctional beliefs, is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between beliefs about losing control and appraisals hypothesized to be relevant to OCD.

Methods

A total of 163 participants completed the experimental protocol, wherein they received false (positive or negative) feedback regarding the likelihood they may lose control and completed a vignette task asking them to read hypothetical scenarios relevant to OCD concerns (checking, and aggressive thoughts). Vignettes were followed by questions and prompts used to measure OCD-relevant appraisals.

Results

Based on MANOVAs, beliefs about losing control had a significant impact on appraisals in the checking, F (151) = 5.55, p = .001, and aggressive thoughts, F (151) = 2.898, p = .037, vignettes. However, planned comparison indicated that in the aggressive thoughts vignettes, this effect was in the opposite direction than was hypothesized.

Limitations

The losing control induction may have inadvertently influenced participants’ beliefs about the utility of thought control.

Conclusions

Findings provide preliminary evidence for an association between beliefs about losing control and OCD-relevant appraisals.

背景和目的：强迫症的认知理论表明，功能失调的信念会影响症状。然而，公认的信念域并不能完全解释强迫症症状，这表明可能涉及其他认知机制。另一个可能在强迫症中发挥作用的信念领域是关于失去控制的信念。事实上，这些信念已经被发现与强迫症症状有关。然而，关于失去控制的信念与其他强迫症现象，包括其他相关的功能失调信念之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检验关于失控的信念与被假设与强迫症相关的评估之间的关系。方法：共有163名参与者完成了实验方案，其中他们接收到关于他们可能失去控制的可能性的错误（积极或消极）反馈并且完成了要求他们阅读与强迫症担忧相关的假设场景（检查和攻击性思维）的小插曲任务。Vignets之后是用于衡量强迫症相关评估的问题和提示。结果：基于MANOVA，关于失去控制的信念对检查中的评估有显著影响，F（151）=5.55，p=.001，以及攻击性思维，F（151=2.898，p=.037，小插曲。然而，有计划的比较表明，在攻击性思维的小插曲中，这种影响与假设的方向相反。局限性：失控诱导可能无意中影响了参与者对思维控制效用的信念。结论：研究结果为失去控制的信念与强迫症相关评估之间的联系提供了初步证据。

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引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of two novel approaches to prevent intrusions: A pilot study comparing Tetris_dualtask and imagery rescripting to control 两种防止入侵的新方法的有效性:一项比较Tetris_dualtask和图像重写控制的试点研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101920

Joost Asselbergs , Heleen Riper , Iris M. Engelhard , Fancy Mannes , Marit Sijbrandij

Background and objectives

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a global health problem. Although effective treatments for it exist, early interventions that prevent PTSD from developing are lacking. The aim of this pilot analogue trauma study was to compare the effects of two potential early intervention strategies, namely Tetris_dualtask and imagery rescripting (IR) to a no-intervention control group on intrusion frequency and the vividness and emotionality of aversive film memory.

Methods

Sixty healthy students were subjected to the trauma film paradigm and randomly allocated to either: Tetris_dualtask, IR or no-intervention. Main outcomes were the number of film-related intrusions at one week and vividness and emotionality ratings of the most aversive film memory. Secondary outcomes were PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit film memory.

Results

The Tetris_dualtask group reported significant fewer intrusions compared to the no-intervention group; whereas the IR group did not. No effect was found on vividness and emotionality ratings, PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit memory.

Limitations

The sample size was small, and analogue trauma in healthy individuals was examined, thus generalizability may be limited. Also, to increase comparability between interventions, the duration of Tetris_dualtask and IR was standardized. As a result, the IR intervention was shorter compared to other studies, which might have decreased its efficacy.

Conclusions

The results of this pilot study suggest that playing Tetris during retrieval of traumatic images, might hold potential as an early intervention strategy to reduce intrusions in the early aftermath of trauma and adversity. However, future large-scale replication research is needed.

背景与目的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一个全球性的健康问题。虽然有有效的治疗方法，但预防PTSD发展的早期干预措施仍然缺乏。本研究的目的是比较两种潜在的早期干预策略，即俄罗斯方块双任务和图像重写(IR)对入侵频率和厌恶电影记忆的生动性和情绪性的影响。方法对60名健康学生进行创伤影像范式测试，随机分为tetris_双任务组、IR组和无干预组。主要结果为一周内与电影相关的干扰次数和最厌恶的电影记忆的生动度和情绪评分。次要结果为创伤后应激障碍样症状、侵入强度和外显电影记忆。结果与无干预组相比，俄罗斯方块双任务组报告的干扰显著减少;而IR组则没有。对生动性和情绪评分、ptsd样症状、入侵强度和外显记忆没有影响。局限性:样本量小，健康个体的类似创伤也被检查，因此通用性可能有限。此外，为了增加干预措施之间的可比性，Tetris_dualtask和IR的持续时间被标准化。因此，与其他研究相比，IR干预时间较短，这可能降低了其疗效。结论本初步研究的结果表明，在创伤图像检索过程中玩俄罗斯方块可能具有作为早期干预策略的潜力，可以在创伤和逆境的早期后果中减少干扰。然而，未来还需要大规模的复制研究。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation of the potential clinical utility of critical slowing down as an early warning sign for recurrence of depression 关键慢化作为抑郁症复发早期预警信号的潜在临床应用研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101922

Natasha A. Tonge , J. Philip Miller , Evan D. Kharasch , Eric J. Lenze , Thomas L. Rodebaugh

Background and objectives

Much of the burden of depressive illness is due to relapses that occur after treatment into remission. Prediction of an individual's imminent depressive relapse could lead to just-in-time interventions to prevent relapse, reducing depression's substantial burden of disability, costs, and suicide risk. Increasingly strong relationships in the form of autocorrelations between depressive symptoms, a signal of a phenomenon described as critical slowing down (CSD), have been proposed as a means of predicting relapse.

Methods

In the current study, four participants in remission from depression, one of whom relapsed, responded to daily smartphone surveys with depression symptoms. We used p-technique factor analysis to identify depression factors from over 100 survey responses. We then tested for the presence of CSD using time-varying vector autoregression and detrended fluctuation analysis.

Results

We found evidence that CSD provided an early warning sign for depression in the participant who relapsed, but we also detected false positive indications of CSD in participants who did not relapse. Results from time-varying vector autoregression and detrended fluctuation analysis were not in agreement.

Limitations

Limitations include use of secondary data and a small number of participants with daily responding to a subset of depression symptoms.

Conclusions

CSD provides a compelling framework for predicting depressive relapse and future research should focus on improving detection of early warning signs reliably. Improving early detection methods for depression is clinically significant, as it would allow for the development of just-in-time interventions.

背景和目的抑郁症的负担很大程度上是由于治疗进入缓解期后的复发。预测一个人即将复发的抑郁症可以导致及时的干预，以防止复发，减少抑郁症的残疾，成本和自杀风险的沉重负担。抑郁症状之间的自相关关系越来越强，这是一种被称为临界减缓(CSD)现象的信号，已被提出作为预测复发的一种手段。在目前的研究中，四名抑郁症缓解的参与者(其中一人复发)对每天的智能手机调查有抑郁症状。我们使用p-技术因子分析从100多个调查回复中确定抑郁因素。然后，我们使用时变向量自回归和去趋势波动分析来检验CSD的存在。结果我们发现证据表明，CSD为复发的参与者提供了抑郁的早期预警信号，但我们也在未复发的参与者中发现了CSD的假阳性迹象。时变向量自回归分析结果与去趋势波动分析结果不一致。局限性局限性包括使用次要数据和少数参与者每天对抑郁症状的子集有反应。结论scsd为预测抑郁复发提供了一个令人信服的框架，未来的研究应侧重于提高早期预警信号的可靠检测。改善抑郁症的早期检测方法在临床上具有重要意义，因为它将允许及时干预的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Reliability (or lack thereof) of smartphone ecological momentary assessment of visual dot probe attention bias toward threat indices 智能手机对视觉点探针对威胁指数的注意力偏差的生态瞬时评估的可靠性（或缺乏可靠性）。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101918

Nur Hani Zainal , Nicholas C. Jacobson

Background and objectives

Cognitive bias theories posit that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are entwined with attention bias toward threats, commonly indexed by faster response time (RT) on threat-congruent (vs. threat-incongruent) trials on the visual dot probe. Moreover, although smartphone ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of the visual dot probe has been developed, their psychometric properties are understudied. This study thus aimed to assess the reliability of 8 smartphone-delivered visual dot probe attention bias and related indices in persons with and without GAD and SAD.

Methods

Community-dwelling adults (n = 819; GAD: 64%; SAD: 49%; Mixed GAD and SAD: 37%; Non-GAD/SAD Controls: 24%) completed a five-trial smartphone-delivered visual dot probe for a median of 60 trials (12 sessions x 5 trials/session) and an average of 100 trials (20 sessions x 5 trials/session).

Results

As hypothesized, Global Attention Bias Index, Disengagement Effect, and Facilitation Bias had low-reliability estimates. However, retest-reliability and internal reliability were good for Trial-Level Bias Scores (TLBS) (Bias Toward Treat: intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) = 0.626–0.644; split-half r = 0.640–0.670; Attention Bias Variability: ICCs = 0.507–0.567; split-half r = 0.520–0.580) and (In)congruent RTs. Poor retest-reliability and internal reliability estimates were consistently observed for all traditional attention bias and related indices but not TLBS.

Limitations

Our visual dot probe EMA should have administered ≥320 trials to match best-practice guidelines based on similar laboratory studies.

Conclusions

Future research should strive to examine attention bias paradigms beyond the dot-probe task that evidenced meaningful test-retest reliability properties in laboratory and real-world naturalistic settings.

背景和目的：认知偏见理论认为，广泛性焦虑症（GAD）和社交焦虑症（SAD）与对威胁的注意力偏见交织在一起，通常通过视觉点探针上的威胁一致（与威胁不一致）试验的更快反应时间（RT）来索引。此外，尽管智能手机的视觉点探针生态瞬时评估（EMA）已经开发出来，但其心理测量特性研究不足。因此，本研究旨在评估患有和不患有GAD和SAD的人中8种智能手机提供的视觉点探针注意偏差和相关指数的可靠性。方法：居住在社区的成年人（n=819；GAD:64%；SAD:49%；混合GAD和SAD:37%；非GAD/SAD对照组：24%）完成了一项由智能手机提供的视觉点探针的五次试验，平均60次试验（12次试验x5次试验/次），平均100次试验（20次试验*5次试验）。结果：如假设的那样，全局注意力偏差指数、脱离效应和促进偏差的可靠性估计值较低。然而，试验水平偏倚评分（TLBS）的重新测试可靠性和内部可靠性良好（偏倚治疗：类内相关系数（ICCs）=0.626-0.644；分瓣r=0.640-0.670；注意偏差变异性：ICCs=0.507-0.567；分割一半r＝0.520-0.580）和（In）全等RT。所有传统注意力偏差和相关指数的再测试信度和内部信度估计值均较差，但TLBS除外。局限性：我们的视觉点探针EMA应进行≥320次试验，以符合基于类似实验室研究的最佳实践指南。结论：未来的研究应该努力检查点探针任务之外的注意力偏差范式，这些范式在实验室和现实世界的自然主义环境中证明了有意义的重测可靠性特性。

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引用次数: 0