Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Distress variability during exposure therapy and its relationship with PTSD symptom decline","authors":"Marike J. Kooistra ,&nbsp;Chris M. Hoeboer ,&nbsp;Danielle A.C. Oprel ,&nbsp;Maartje Schoorl ,&nbsp;Willem van der Does ,&nbsp;Agnes van Minnen ,&nbsp;Rianne A. de Kleine","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Inhibitory Learning Theory (ILT) framework implies that in-session distress variability may promote extinction learning and thereby enhance exposure therapy efficacy. Thus far, research has mainly focused on in-session distress reduction. The aim of the current study was to assess whether in-session distress variability predicts next session PTSD symptom decline in PTSD patients receiving prolonged exposure (PE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-six patients with PTSD received 14 to 16 sessions of PE. Using dynamic panel models, we assessed the temporal relation (i.e., within-persons) between in-session distress variability and PTSD symptom decline. Moreover, we assessed the averaged relation (i.e., between-persons) between in-session distress variability and PTSD symptom decline.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Temporal analyses showed that in-session distress variability did not precede PTSD symptom improvement. Averaged analyses showed that distress variability was related to PTSD symptom improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>The operationalization of distress variability appeared to deviate from its theoretical conceptualization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In absence of distress reduction, distress variability can vary. However, our findings suggest that in-session distress variability does not drive symptom reduction during PE. In contrast, averaged over participants, distress variability was related to symptom improvement, suggesting that those with a more variable distress pattern across sessions show better treatment response. More empirical work is needed to shed light on the effect of distress variability during exposure sessions on treatment outcome and to offer grounds for clinical recommendations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000429/pdfft?md5=48b0eb1d1a064f5fea43427b34b8f38b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition moderates the effect of attentional bias modification for reducing residual depressive symptoms: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial","authors":"Ragnhild Bø ,&nbsp;Brage Kraft ,&nbsp;August Skilbrei ,&nbsp;Rune Jonassen ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Harmer ,&nbsp;Nils Inge Landrø","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Residual symptoms represent risk factor for relapse. Attention bias modification (ABM) may reduce clinical and sub-clinical depressive symptoms, indicating that is may be of relevance when preventing relapse. Current evidence suggests that executive functions may moderate the outcome of interventions targeting depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We assessed inhibition and shifting as indicators of executive functioning by means of the Color-Word Interference Test (i.e., “Stroop task”). These baseline characteristics were investigated as moderator of the effect of ABM on depression symptoms in a double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial of ABM including patients with a history of recurrent depression (N = 301). Inclusion and follow-ups took place from January 2015 to October 2016. The trial was retrospectively registered #NCT02658682 January 2016.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The moderation analysis was based on the interaction term ABM x Stroop. Scaled inhibition scores ≤10.8, but not shifting ability, moderated the effect of ABM compared to sham on clinician-rated depression (HDRS). The difference from the 15th to the 85th percentile of the inhibition score was about 1 HDRS-point, indicating a small effect size. No moderation was found when self-reported depression and AB were the outcome. Post-hoc power calculation indicates risk of Type-II error.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>When targeting depressive symptoms, ABM seems to be somewhat more effective in patients with weak inhibitory control. This suggests that evaluating the level of inhibition in individual patients could provide some information when making decisions about prescribing ABM to reduce residual symptoms, but the clinical implications of this is uncertain due to an overall small effect size attributable to ABM. Future studies should examine whether inhibitory control still is a relevant moderator when comparing ABM to treatment options other than the sham control condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000417/pdfft?md5=d65099e411ae309f51459c5eff6cf890&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000417-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of real-time and retrospective assessments: A systematic investigation of naturally occurring and experimentally induced intrusions","authors":"Jacqueline Peters,&nbsp;Inga Marie Freund,&nbsp;Merel Kindt,&nbsp;Renée M. Visser ,&nbsp;Arnold A.P. van Emmerik","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Ecological momentary assessment is a popular method for monitoring symptoms in real-time. Especially for fleeting experiences, such as intrusions, real-time assessments may be more accurate than retrospective estimates. However, there are concerns regarding reactivity effects associated with real-time assessments and, conversely, the reliance on bias-prone retrospective assessments in clinical science and practice. In this study we used a between-groups design to examine whether real-time intrusion assessments influence retrospective reports (aim 1). Then, we investigated whether real-time and retrospective assessments systematically differed within individuals (aim 2).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Over two weeks, 150 non-clinical individuals provided weekly retrospective intrusion assessments, while the majority (n = 102) additionally reported their intrusions in real-time, via smartphones. We examined both naturally occurring intrusions, which individuals experience in their everyday lives, and intrusions related to a standardized stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), taking place halfway.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using Bayesian statistics, we found that assessing intrusions in real-time did not convincingly affect retrospective reports, and there was no strong evidence that real-time and retrospective intrusion assessments differed. However, the evidence of absence was inconclusive for some measures. Real-time and retrospectively reported intrusion frequencies and distress were strongly associated with one another.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Future research is advised to replicate these findings with larger samples, for other types of stressors, in clinical populations, and over extended assessment periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The general agreement between real-time and retrospective assessments of intrusions is encouraging, tentatively suggesting that researchers and clinicians can flexibly select the assessment method that best suits their objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000405/pdfft?md5=dbc2ff87e1e21cf4c746b1ab533ce1c0&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College students with depression symptom are more sensitive to task difficulty in reinforcement learning","authors":"Yaru Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Wei ,&nbsp;Rong Huang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Jia ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Depression is usually characterized by impairments in reward function, and shows altered motivation to reward in reinforcement learning. This study further explored whether task difficulty affects reinforcement learning in college students with and without depression symptom.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The depression symptom group (20) and the no depression symptom group (26) completed a probabilistic reward learning task with low, medium, and high difficulty levels, in which task the response bias to reward and the discriminability of reward were analyzed. Additionally, electrophysiological responses to reward and loss feedback were recorded and analyzed while they performed a simple gambling task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The depression symptom group showed more response bias to reward than the no depression symptom group when the task was easy and then exhibited more quickly decrease in response bias to reward as task difficulty increased. The no depression symptom group showed a decrease in response bias only in the high-difficulty condition. Further regression analyses showed that, the Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and theta oscillation could predict response bias change in the low-difficulty condition, the FRN and oscillations of theta and delta could predict response bias change in the medium and high-difficulty conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The electrophysiological responses to loss and reward were not recorded in the same task as the reinforcement learning behaviors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>College students with depression symptom are more sensitive to task difficulty during reinforcement learning. The FRN, and oscillations of theta and delta could predict reward leaning behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cognitive biases involving selective interrogation of taste-based information in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption","authors":"Laura Dondzilo ,&nbsp;Eva Kemps","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health issue. Consequently, there is strong interest in advancing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that underpin excessive SSB consumption. This work proposes that selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics (e.g., flavour), rather than health-based characteristics (e.g., sugar content), of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To evaluate this novel hypothesis, undergraduate students (<em>n</em> = 210) were recruited to complete self-report measures of SSB consumption, motivation and success in reducing SSB consumption and unhealthy eating more broadly, as well as a novel selective interrogation assessment task. This task provided participants with the opportunity to selectively interrogate taste-based and health-based characteristics of various mystery beverages.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results supported the hypothesis that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics, rather than health-based characteristics, of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. Additionally, results revealed that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics was associated with decreased motivation to reduce SSB consumption and decreased motivation and success to reduce unhealthy consumption more broadly.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The current study did not evaluate whether selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages predicted actual SSB consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings provide novel evidence for the potential role of selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages in SSB choice and consumption. An important implication of these findings is that in order for interventions focusing on front-of-package nutrition labels to be effective in reducing unhealthy consumption, it is necessary that individuals are selectively interrogating this ‘health-based’ information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000387/pdfft?md5=8d520c0850d99f453c1043c0908df042&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does responsibility for potential harm attenuate the effects of repeated checking on metamemory and automatization?","authors":"Karina Wahl,&nbsp;Martin Kollárik,&nbsp;Roselind Lieb","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Repeated checking results in large reductions in metamemory variables (confidence, details, and vividness). It has been suggested that the underlying mechanism is gradual automatization. At the same time, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reluctant to automatize routine processes. The aim was to investigate whether high responsibility for potential harm, typical of OCD, would attenuate the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables and automatization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred seventy-five participants were initially provided with a cover story that put the subsequent virtual checking task in a context of potential harm for not checking properly. Participants were randomly allocated to four experimental groups (varying high and low responsibility, relevant and irrelevant checking) and performed a virtual checking task repeatedly, using either identical stimuli (relevant checking) or different stimuli (irrelevant checking) between the first and final checking trial. Metamemory variables were rated on visual analogue scales, and response latencies were assessed to establish automatization.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Larger reductions in metamemory variables following relevant checking compared to irrelevant checking replicated previous findings. High responsibility did not affect these results. Large reductions in response latencies across the checking trials (automatization) were also independent of the perceived responsibility.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>We did not include individuals with OCD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Since responsibility did not influence the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables, findings are consistent with the idea that automatization remains a plausible explanation of the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables in individuals with OCD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101977"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000363/pdfft?md5=711ac15b1a6d45ee8e495416c59496a8&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000363-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exposure to plus-size fashion models on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa: Findings from an exploratory study","authors":"Eva Naumann,&nbsp;Jennifer Svaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Eating disorders are often linked to the internalization of the thin-ideal and weight stigma. The present exploratory study investigates the effects of plus-sized fashion media on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa (BN).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Women with BN (<em>n</em>=27) and without an eating disorder (<em>n</em>=28) were exposed to 17 pictures of plus-size fashion models. Participants rated the attractiveness of the models. Before and after the exposure task, participants completed questionnaires on their attitudes towards people with higher weight as well as thin-ideal media.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BN group rated the bodies of the plus-size fashion models as less attractive than controls, whereas no group differences were found in attractiveness ratings for the models' faces or full images. In both groups, negative attitudes about people with higher weight significantly decreased after viewing plus-size model pictures. Attitudes toward thin-ideal media remained unchanged, with scores higher for BN than controls.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This exploratory study has several limitations, such as the lack of a control condition, small sample size, and reliance on only self-report data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These exploratory results imply that the positive effects of plus-sized model images on reducing negative assumptions about people with high weight may not be limited to healthy individuals but also seem to extend to women with BN. Further controlled studies with larger samples and long-term assessments are needed to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101976"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000351/pdfft?md5=5b44e5fbd3f410f143e1bce7d71fed50&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000351-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PTSD and temporal discounting: The role of future thinking","authors":"Mieke Verfaellie ,&nbsp;Virginie Patt ,&nbsp;Ginette Lafleche ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Vasterling","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Despite documented alterations in future thinking in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), our understanding of how individuals with PTSD make future-oriented decisions is limited. We tested the hypothesis that increased discounting in association with PTSD reflects failure to spontaneously envision future rewarding situations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-seven trauma exposed war-zone veterans completed a standard temporal discounting task as well as a temporal discounting task accompanied by episodic future thinking cues.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Severity of PTSD symptoms was associated with preference for sooner, smaller rewards in the standard task. Consistent with our hypothesis, when participants engaged in future thinking, greater PTSD symptom severity was no longer associated with steeper discounting. Moreover, difficulty anticipating future events, as measured contemporaneously in a separate task (Verfaellie et al., 2024), mediated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and degree of discounting in the standard task. Among PTSD symptom clusters, the severity of avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood was related to steeper discounting. Measures of depression and alcohol use were not associated with discounting.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample included mostly male, predominantly White veterans who experienced primarily combat-related trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PTSD-associated alterations in temporal discounting reflect failure to spontaneously imagine future positive events. Two common correlates of PTSD, depression and alcohol use, could not account for the observed associations between PTSD and future-oriented decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of sleep, cortisol reactivity, and risk/reward-based decision-making on suicide","authors":"Keyne C. Law Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Katherine L. O'Connell M.S. ,&nbsp;Samantha V. Jacobson M.S. ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Baer M.A. ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Baker Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Matthew T. Tull Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Poor sleep quality is a known contributor to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examines whether sleep quality modulates the effect of an individual's stress response and risk/reward-based decision making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 160 adults at a residential substance use treatment facility with lifetime exposure to trauma who completed a clinician-administered measure of suicide risk, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and a self-report measure of sleep. Cortisol reactivity (i.e., changes in cortisol before and after a personalized trauma script) was used to measure stress response. We used quantile regression to examine the effects of sleep, cortisol, and risk/reward decision-making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found poor sleep quality to be increasingly salient in individuals at greater risk for suicide than those at lower risk for suicide. Furthermore, individuals with moderate to moderate-high levels of suicide risk seem to have greater cortisol reactivity. In the low-moderate quantile, we found suicide risk to be associated with both high stress reactivity and low-risk, high-reward decision-making, as well as low stress reactivity and high-risk/low-reward decision-making.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>These findings should be interpreted considering several methodological constraints, such as the use of a pre-determined sample and instruments not tailored for our hypotheses, the MINI ‘Suicide’ Module's limited differentiation between suicidal ideation and behavior, and variably timed cortisol sampling.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite these limitations, the findings from this study support the use of evidence-based interventions focused on improving sleep quality and managing emotional reactivity to decrease suicide risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with depression","authors":"Simin Barzigar,&nbsp;Rezvan Homaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Depression exerts significant negative impacts across various life domains, including social interactions, occupational functioning, and economic well-being. These effects permeate both personal and interpersonal spheres. However, it seems that character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness play a critical role in promoting mental well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in depressed women.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Purposive sampling was employed to select 50 participants with depression based on the cut-off point (a score of 20 or greater) in Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) and an experimental group (n = 25). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-min sessions of positivity training. The control group participants did not receive any specific intervention related to depression management. The character strength scale, time perspective scale, self-awareness scale, and BDI-II were used to collect data. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included a sample of 50 women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The participants' mean age was 38.03 years (SD = 7.96). Positivity training enhanced character strengths in women with depression. Moreover, the positivity intervention affected the time perspective factors of those women. It reduced “past negative” and “present fatalistic” and increased “past positive,” “present hedonistic,” and “future.” Finally, positivity training significantly increased self-awareness in women with depression (p &lt; 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample size was relatively small, which limits the statistical inferences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this study provides promising initial evidence for the potential of positivity training as an intervention to improve character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with MDD. Further research is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, ultimately informing the development of more comprehensive treatment approaches for depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}