Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

Corrigendum to “Interpretation biases in childhood spider fear: Content-specificity, priming, and avoidance” [Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 83 (2024 June), 101941] 童年蜘蛛恐惧的解释偏差：内容特异性、引申和回避》[《行为治疗与实验精神病学杂志》83（2024 年 6 月），101941 页]更正

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101962

Anke M. Klein , Rianne E. van Niekerk , Mike Rinck , Esther Allart , Eni S. Becker

引用次数: 0

An imagery rescripting based intervention in children and adolescents who endured a negative life event: A pilot study, satisfaction and feasibility survey 对经历过负面生活事件的儿童和青少年进行意象重写干预：试点、满意度和可行性调查

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101957

Ellin Simon , Jurian Beeftink , Babelle van ’t Hullenaar , Susan van Hooren

Background and objectives

ImRs, a technique targeting distressing mental images, has shown promise in adult psychiatric treatment. Initial research indicates positive outcomes in children, with potential for reducing mental health care burden. This pilot study examined the use of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) as an intervention for children who have experienced negative life events. We aimed to assess short-term emotional changes, participant satisfaction, and the feasibility of a larger-scale ImRs intervention for children.

Methods

We employed a pre-posttest within-group design, and included 35 children (ages 5–18) who experienced negative life events, as well as 12 coaches. ImRs targeted distressing images related to negative events. Measurement tools included Visual Analogue Scales for distress and emotions, along with satisfaction surveys for both children and coaches. The feasibility of a larger-scale study was also explored through a coach questionnaire.

Results

We found significant short-term improvements for all emotional states, with large effects for anxiety, sadness, and happiness, and a moderate effect for anger. Children reported fair levels of satisfaction with the intervention's acceptability and complexity. Coaches expressed high levels of satisfaction with the intervention as a whole and with its characteristics. Coaches were also strongly motivation for future, more in-depth research. An important limitation of this pilot study was the lack of a control group. In light of the promising results, more extensive studies with diagnostic information, multiple measures, and follow-up assessments are warranted.

Conclusion

Altogether, imagery rescripting based interventions seem a promising venue for children who experienced negative events.

背景和目标ImRs 是一种针对令人痛苦的心理图像的技术，在成人精神病治疗中显示出良好的前景。初步研究表明，它对儿童有积极的疗效，并有可能减轻心理保健负担。这项试点研究考察了意象重描（ImRs）作为一种干预方法对经历过负面生活事件的儿童的应用情况。我们的目的是评估短期情绪变化、参与者满意度以及对儿童进行更大规模的意象重写干预的可行性。方法我们采用了组内前测设计，包括 35 名经历过负面生活事件的儿童（5-18 岁）和 12 名教练。ImRs针对的是与消极事件相关的令人痛苦的图像。测量工具包括针对困扰和情绪的视觉模拟量表，以及针对儿童和教练的满意度调查。结果我们发现，所有情绪状态都有显著的短期改善，焦虑、悲伤和快乐的改善效果较大，愤怒的改善效果一般。儿童对干预的可接受性和复杂性表示满意。教练对干预的整体性和特点表示高度满意。教练们还强烈要求今后进行更深入的研究。这项试点研究的一个重要局限是缺乏对照组。总之，对于经历过负面事件的儿童来说，基于意象重写的干预似乎是一个很有前景的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Externally orienting cues improve cognitive control in OCD 外部定向线索可提高强迫症患者的认知控制能力

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101959

Lora Bednarek , Stephanie Glover , Xiao Ma , Christopher Pittenger , Helen Pushkarskaya

Background and objectives

An executive overload model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posits that broad difficulties with executive functioning in OCD result from an overload on the executive system by obsessive thoughts. It implies that, if individuals with OCD “snap out” of their obsessive thoughts, their performance on neurocognitive tasks will improve.

Methods

We test this prediction using the revised Attention Network Test, ANT-R, and distinct subsamples of data from unmedicated OCD and healthy controls (HC). ANT-R includes Simon and Flanker tasks; in both, incongruent trials take longer to resolve (‘conflict costs’). On some trials, a warning cue helps participants to respond faster (‘alerting benefits’). In OCD (N = 34) and HC (N = 46), matched on age, IQ, and sex, we tested (1) the effect of OCD on alerting benefits, and (2) the effect of OCD on warning cue related reductions in conflict costs. In a distinct subsample of OCD (N = 32) and HC (N = 51), we assessed whether alerting benefits and cue-related reductions in conflict costs are associated differently with different OCD symptoms.

Results

A warning cue can help individuals with OCD more than HC to improve performance on Simon and Flanker tasks. This effect is positively associated with severity of contamination symptoms.

Limitations

This study did not directly assess how distracted participants are by obsessive thoughts. It relied on the ANT-R subtraction measures. Symptom severity was assessed using self-report measures.

Conclusions

Difficulties in resolving conflict during decision-making in OCD can be modulated by a warning cue presented immediately before an attentional task.

强迫症（OCD）的 "执行超负荷模型 "认为，强迫症患者在执行功能方面的广泛困难是由于强迫性思维对执行系统造成的超负荷。这意味着，如果强迫症患者从强迫思维中 "挣脱 "出来，他们在神经认知任务上的表现就会改善。我们使用修订后的注意力网络测试（ANT-R）以及来自未服药强迫症患者和健康对照组（HC）的不同子样本数据来验证这一预测。ANT-R 包括西蒙任务和侧翼任务；在这两种任务中，不一致的试验需要更长的时间来解决（"冲突成本"）。在某些试验中，警告提示有助于参与者更快地做出反应（"警示效益"）。在年龄、智商和性别相匹配的强迫症患者（34 人）和高危人群（46 人）中，我们测试了（1）强迫症对警示效益的影响，以及（2）强迫症对与警示线索相关的冲突成本降低的影响。在一个不同的强迫症（32 人）和强迫症患者（51 人）子样本中，我们评估了警示效益和与警示线索相关的冲突成本降低是否与不同的强迫症症状有不同的关联。与强迫症患者相比，警告提示更有助于强迫症患者提高在西蒙和侧翼任务中的表现。这种效果与污染症状的严重程度呈正相关。本研究并未直接评估强迫症患者的注意力分散程度。它依赖于 ANT-R 减法测量。症状严重程度是通过自我报告测量来评估的。强迫症患者在决策过程中解决冲突的困难可以通过在注意力任务之前立即出现的警告提示来调节。

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引用次数: 0

Imagery rescripting: The value of an added positive emotion component 意象重写：添加积极情绪成分的价值

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101958

Nicole Geschwind , Evelyn Keasberry , Marisol Voncken , Jill Lobbestael , Maarten Peters , Marleen Rijkeboer , Dalena van Heugten-van der Kloet

Background and objectives

Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) aims to reduce trauma-related negative emotions and intrusions. Positive emotions during ImRs may aid coping with the consequences of trauma, but protocols vary in the extent to which they explicitly target such positive emotions. We used a multiple-day design with a trauma film paradigm to investigate whether adding an explicit positive emotion component to ImRs improved intervention effects in a non-clinical sample. In addition, we explored potentially differential effects on high, medium, and low arousal positive affect.

Methods

Participants (n = 105) were randomly assigned to either a standard ImRs condition, to an ImRs condition with an added explicit positive emotion component targeting joy (ImRs+), or to a non-intervention control (NIC) condition. Participants watched a trauma film on day 1, received the condition-specific intervention on day 2, and completed additional post-assessments of positive and negative affect on day 3. In addition, participants recorded intrusions from the trauma film from day 1 until day 3.

Results

Compared to standard ImRs and NIC, ImRs + significantly increased positive affect. Exploratory analyses showed that this increase concerned medium and high, but not low arousal positive affect. No significant between-group differences were found for negative affect and intrusion-related outcomes.

Limitations

Floor effects for intrusions and negative affect limited our ability to fully investigate the potential benefits of targeting positive affect.

Conclusions

Adding a positive emotion component to ImRs reliably improved positive affect. More research is needed to determine whether explicitly targeting positive affect improves efficacy of ImRs for intrusion-related outcomes.

意象重编（ImRs）旨在减少与创伤相关的负面情绪和侵扰。意象重塑过程中的积极情绪可能有助于应对创伤后果，但在明确针对这种积极情绪的程度上，方案各不相同。我们采用多天设计和创伤电影范例，研究在 ImRs 中添加明确的积极情绪成分是否会改善非临床样本的干预效果。此外，我们还探讨了高、中、低唤醒积极情绪的潜在差异效应。参与者（= 105 人）被随机分配到标准的 ImRs 条件下、添加了明确的积极情绪成分以获得快乐的 ImRs 条件下（ImRs+）或非干预对照（NIC）条件下。参与者在第 1 天观看创伤影片，在第 2 天接受特定条件干预，并在第 3 天完成额外的积极和消极情绪后评估。此外，受试者还记录了从第 1 天到第 3 天创伤影片中的闯入行为。与标准 ImRs 和 NIC 相比，ImRs + 显著增加了积极情感。探索性分析表明，这种增加与中度和高度唤醒的积极情绪有关，但与低度唤醒的积极情绪无关。在消极情绪和入侵相关结果方面，没有发现明显的组间差异。入侵和消极情绪的底限效应限制了我们全面研究以积极情绪为目标的潜在益处的能力。在 ImRs 中添加积极情绪成分能有效改善积极情绪。我们需要进行更多的研究，以确定明确针对积极情绪是否能提高 ImRs 对入侵相关结果的疗效。

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引用次数: 0

Compulsive rituals in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – A qualitative exploration of thoughts, feelings and behavioral patterns 强迫症患者的强迫仪式--对思想、情感和行为模式的定性研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101960

Yair Wairauch , Jedidiah Siev , Udi Hasdai , Reuven Dar

Background and objectives

Rituals are common among healthy individuals and across cultures and often serve adaptive purposes. In individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), rituals become compulsive, time-consuming and distressing, and may lead to functional impairment. Previous research has examined the functions and characteristics of compulsive rituals, but there is paucity of in-depth, first-person reports about this topic.

Method

We used a qualitative approach to explore thoughts, feelings, and behavioral patterns that characterize OCD rituals. Ten individuals with OCD participated in a semi-structured interview that focused on their most prominent compulsive ritual. The interviews were subjected to a thematic analysis.

Results

Eight themes emerged from the analysis and were organized in two main categories: Micro Level perspective, comprising triggers, attention, emotional changes, and stopping criteria; and Macro Level perspective, comprising feelings and perceptions, change over time, motives, and inhibitors. The findings shed light on the role of fixed rules and feelings of “completeness” in OCD rituals, the nature of emotional and attentional characteristics during rituals performance, and the evolution of compulsive rituals over time.

Limitations

This study used a qualitative approach based on a small number of participants, which limits the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion

Our results, if replicated, may have clinical implications. The reported patterns of anxiety reduction during ritual performance may contribute to the fine-tuning of CBT for OCD. The findings concerning the nature of attention during ritual performance and the development of rituals over time may be important for understanding the mechanisms that maintain compulsive rituals.

仪式在健康人和不同文化中都很常见，通常具有适应目的。对于患有强迫症（OCD）的人来说，仪式会变得强迫、耗时和痛苦，并可能导致功能障碍。以往的研究已对强迫性仪式的功能和特点进行了研究，但有关这一主题的第一手深入报道却很少。我们采用定性的方法来探讨强迫症仪式的思想、情感和行为模式。十名强迫症患者参加了半结构化访谈，访谈的重点是他们最突出的强迫仪式。对访谈内容进行了主题分析。分析得出了八个主题，并将其分为两大类：微观层面的视角，包括触发因素、注意力、情绪变化和停止标准；宏观层面的视角，包括感受和认知、随时间的变化、动机和抑制因素。研究结果揭示了强迫症仪式中固定规则和 "完整 "感的作用、仪式过程中情绪和注意力特征的性质以及强迫症仪式随时间的演变。本研究采用定性方法，参与者人数较少，这限制了研究结果的推广性。我们的研究结果如能复制，可能会对临床产生影响。所报告的仪式过程中焦虑减少的模式可能有助于对强迫症的 CBT 进行微调。有关仪式表演过程中注意力的性质以及仪式随着时间的推移而发展的研究结果，对于理解强迫性仪式的维持机制可能非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Transitioning to college: Testing cognitive bias modification for interpretations as an inoculation tool for social anxiety in college first-years 向大学过渡：测试将认知偏差修正解释作为预防大学一年级学生社交焦虑的工具

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101961

Sarah E. Dreyer-Oren , Akanksha Das , Rachel B. Geyer , Robert E. Fite , Elizabeth J. Kiel , Elise M. Clerkin

Background and objectives

Reducing social anxiety development among incoming college students may improve college adjustment and mental health outcomes. This study tested whether cognitive bias modification for interpretations (CBM-I) reduces social anxiety and increases adjustment during the transition to college, and whether changes in outcomes would be mediated by changes in interpretation biases.

Methods

Participants (N = 73) were randomly assigned to a 3-session weekly CBM-I condition or symptom tracking (ST) control condition. Multilevel models were used to estimate within-person trajectories from baseline to one week post-intervention and to test whether trajectories differed by condition.

Results

Those in the CBM-I condition (vs. ST) reported higher increases in social adjustment across time. There were not significant differences between conditions for changes in social anxiety, academic adjustment, and personal adjustment. CBM-I was indirectly linked to improvements in outcome variables via more adaptive interpretation biases.

Limitations

CBM-I was administered in a laboratory setting, requiring more resources than some computerized interventions.

Conclusions

Data tentatively support CBM-I for first-year students to increase social adjustment. Further, mediation findings provide support for targeting interpretation biases to improve social anxiety and adjustment outcomes. Yet, CBM-I did not outperform ST in improving social anxiety symptoms or other areas of college adjustment, and effect sizes were small, suggesting that more work is needed to amplify the potential of CBM-I as a therapeutic tool.

背景和目的减轻大学新生的社交焦虑可能会改善大学适应和心理健康结果。本研究测试了解释性认知偏差修正（CBM-I）是否能减少大学过渡期间的社交焦虑并提高适应性，以及结果的变化是否会受到解释性偏差变化的影响。方法将参与者（N = 73）随机分配到每周 3 节课的 CBM-I 条件下或症状跟踪（ST）对照条件下。使用多层次模型估算从基线到干预后一周的人内轨迹，并检验不同条件下的轨迹是否存在差异。结果CBM-I 条件（与 ST 条件相比）下的参与者在不同时间段的社会适应能力提高幅度更大。在社交焦虑、学业适应性和个人适应性的变化方面，不同条件下的差异并不明显。局限性CBM-I是在实验室环境中进行的，与某些计算机化干预相比需要更多的资源。此外，调解结果为针对解释偏差改善社交焦虑和适应结果提供了支持。然而，CBM-I 在改善社交焦虑症状或大学适应的其他方面的效果并没有优于 ST，而且效果大小很小，这表明还需要做更多的工作来扩大 CBM-I 作为治疗工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of self-focused attention during mirror gazing on body image evaluations, appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze 镜像凝视时的自我关注对身体形象评价、外貌相关意象和镜像凝视冲动的影响

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101952

Jasmine Chuah, Oliver Suendermann

Background and objectives

Mirror gazing has been linked to poor body image. Cognitive-behavioral models propose that mirror gazing induces self-focused attention. This activates appearance-related imagery, increases body dissatisfaction, and promotes further mirror gazing. However, evidence for these relationships remains scarce. Our study experimentally investigated how self-focused attention impacts overall and facial appearance satisfaction, perceived attractiveness, distress about appearance and disliked features, vividness and emotional quality of appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze. Baseline body dysmorphic concerns were studied as a moderator.

Methods

Singaporean undergraduates (M_age = 21.22, SD_age = 1.62; 35 females, 28 males) were randomly assigned to high or low self-focused attention during a mirror gazing task. Dependent variables were measured with visual analogue scales, and body dysmorphic concerns with the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ). Analysis of variance and moderation analyses were conducted.

Results

Self-focused attention lowered overall and facial appearance satisfaction. Perceived attractiveness decreased only in individuals with high baseline body dysmorphic concerns. Contrary to predictions, distress, appearance-related imagery, and urges to mirror gaze were unaffected.

Limitations

This study used a non-clinical sample. The BIDQ has not been psychometrically validated in Singaporean samples.

Conclusions

Self-focused attention during mirror gazing lowers positive body image evaluations. Individuals with higher body dysmorphic concerns are particularly vulnerable to low perceived attractiveness.

注视镜子与不良身体形象有关。认知行为模型认为，注视镜子会诱发自我关注。这激活了与外貌相关的想象，增加了对身体的不满，并促进了对镜子的注视。然而，这些关系的证据仍然很少。我们的研究通过实验调查了自我关注如何影响整体和面部外貌满意度、感知吸引力、对外貌和不喜欢的特征的困扰、外貌相关意象的生动性和情感质量以及镜像凝视的冲动。研究将身体畸形的基线关注作为调节因素。新加坡大学生（=21.22，=1.62；35 名女性，28 名男性）在镜像凝视任务中被随机分配到高或低自我关注度。自变量用视觉模拟量表测量，身体畸形问题用身体形象干扰问卷（BIDQ）测量。研究进行了方差分析和调节分析。自我关注降低了整体和面部外貌满意度。有趣的是，只有那些身体畸形基线关注度高的人，其感知吸引力才会降低。与预测相反，困扰、与外貌相关的想象和镜像凝视冲动均未受到影响。这项研究使用的是非临床样本，而且 BIDQ 还没有在新加坡样本中进行心理计量学验证。注视镜子时的自我关注会降低对身体形象的积极评价。对外貌有更多关注的人特别容易认为自己的吸引力低。

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引用次数: 0

Non-fear emotions in changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during treatment 治疗期间创伤后应激障碍症状变化中的非恐惧情绪

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101954

Sophie A. Rameckers , Arnold A.P. van Emmerik , Raoul P.P.P. Grasman , Arnoud Arntz

Background and objectives

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not only associated with fear but also with other emotions. The present study aimed to examine if changes in shame, guilt, anger, and disgust predicted changes in PTSD symptoms during treatment, while also testing if PTSD symptoms, in turn, predicted changes in these emotions.

Methods

Participants (N = 155) with childhood-related PTSD received a maximum of 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing or imagery rescripting. The data was analyzed using Granger causality models across 12 treatment sessions and 6 assessment sessions (up until one year after the start of treatment). Differences between the two treatments were explored.

Results

Across treatment sessions, shame, and disgust showed a reciprocal relationship with PTSD symptoms, while changes in guilt preceded PTSD symptoms. Across assessments, anger was reciprocally related to PTSD, suggesting that anger might play a more important role in the longer term.

Limitations

The individual emotion items were not yet validated, and the CAPS was not administered at all assessments.

Conclusions

These findings partly differ from earlier studies that suggested a unidirectional relationship in which changes in emotions preceded changes in PTSD symptoms during treatment. This is in line with the idea that non-fear emotions do play an important role in the treatment of PTSD and constitute an important focus of treatment and further research.

创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）不仅与恐惧有关，还与其他情绪有关。本研究旨在探讨羞愧、内疚、愤怒和厌恶情绪的变化是否能预测治疗过程中创伤后应激障碍症状的变化，同时检验创伤后应激障碍症状是否反过来也能预测这些情绪的变化。患有童年相关创伤后应激障碍的参与者（= 155 人）接受了最多 12 次的眼动脱敏和再处理或意象重写治疗。我们使用格兰杰因果关系模型对 12 个疗程和 6 个评估疗程（直至治疗开始后一年）的数据进行了分析。探讨了两种治疗方法之间的差异。在整个治疗过程中，羞耻感和厌恶感与创伤后应激障碍症状呈互为因果的关系，而内疚感的变化则先于创伤后应激障碍症状。在不同的评估中，愤怒与创伤后应激障碍呈互为因果的关系，这表明从长远来看，愤怒可能会发挥更重要的作用。单个情绪项目尚未得到验证，而且 CAPS 并未在所有评估中使用。这些研究结果在一定程度上不同于之前的研究，之前的研究表明，在治疗过程中，情绪的变化先于创伤后应激障碍症状的变化，这是一种单向关系。这符合非恐惧情绪在创伤后应激障碍的治疗中发挥重要作用的观点，也是治疗和进一步研究的重点。

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引用次数: 0

Testing a brief attention training protocol to prevent emotional distress from a fear induction procedure 测试简短注意力训练方案，防止恐惧诱导程序造成情绪困扰

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101956

Mikael Rubin

Background and objectives

Attentional hypervigilance to threat in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important topic to investigate. Efforts to leverage attention training to prevent PTSD have been promising but underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The current study tested whether Attention Bias Modification (ABM) prior to an emotion induction of fear could reduce self-reported fear and arousal compared to two control conditions.

Methods

Participants (N = 86) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomized to receive either (1) ABM where they were directed towards fear related words on every trial; (2) Attention Control Training (ACT) where they were directed towards fear related words on 50% of trials; or (3) Neutral training where all words were neutral. Participants then completed a fear emotion induction (a 2-min video), reporting fear, arousal, and mood before and after the emotion induction.

Results

Participants in the ABM condition had lower fear compared to the Neutral condition b = 11.43, 95% CI (1.20, 21.65), d = 0.48. Participants in the ABM condition did not have lower fear compared to the ACT condition b = 9.75, 95% CI (−0.64, 19.96), d = 0.41. Importantly, attentional avoidance at baseline moderated the effect of condition for both fear and arousal; higher avoidance at baseline for the ABM condition was associated with lower fear and arousal after the emotion induction compared to the Neutral condition.

Limitations

The sample size was relatively small and limited in diversity.

Conclusions

These findings are the first experimental evidence showing that the benefit of ABM prior to a fearful experience may be in its reduction of the target emotion. Additionally, ABM may work best for those that demonstrate the most avoidance at baseline in their attention towards fearful stimuli.

背景和目的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者对威胁的过度警觉是一个重要的研究课题。利用注意力训练预防创伤后应激障碍的努力很有希望，但其潜在机制尚未完全阐明。本研究测试了与两种对照条件相比，在进行恐惧情绪诱导之前进行注意力偏差修正（ABM）是否能减少自我报告的恐惧和唤醒。方法从亚马逊 Mechanical Turk 中招募参与者（N = 86），并随机分配他们接受（1）注意力偏差修正（ABM），即在每次试验中都引导他们使用与恐惧相关的单词；（2）注意力控制训练（ACT），即在 50% 的试验中引导他们使用与恐惧相关的单词；或（3）中性训练，即所有单词都是中性的。然后，参与者完成恐惧情绪诱导（一段 2 分钟的视频），并在情绪诱导前后报告恐惧、唤醒和情绪。结果与中性条件相比，ABM 条件下参与者的恐惧感较低，b = 11.43，95% CI (1.20, 21.65)，d = 0.48。与 ACT 条件相比，ABM 条件下的参与者的恐惧感并不低，b = 9.75，95% CI (-0.64, 19.96)，d = 0.41。重要的是，基线时的注意回避调节了条件对恐惧和唤醒的影响；与中性条件相比，ABM 条件下基线时较高的回避与情绪诱导后较低的恐惧和唤醒相关。此外，ABM 对那些在基线时对恐惧刺激表现出最大回避的人可能最有效。

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引用次数: 0

Embodied cognitive restructuring: The impact of posture and movement on changing dysfunctional attitudes 体现式认知重组：姿势和动作对改变功能失调态度的影响

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101955

M.S. O’Toole , J. Michalak

Background and objectives

Previous theoretical and empirical work has pointed to the important role of the body in emotion generation and emotion regulation. In the present study, we wanted to investigate if the performance of certain body postures and movement could facilitate cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional cognitive attitudes more effectively than traditional, verbal-only methods.

Methods

In total, 130 participants were randomized to one of two groups. One group was subjected to cognitive restructuring (i.e., restructure only group; CR-only), verbally exploring a dysfunctional attitude from a curious, strong, and courageous perspective. The other group received the same verbal instructions but in addition to this, was asked to perform different bodily exercises (i.e., motor-enhanced restructuring group; M-CR) supposed to enhance experience of the different perspectives from which cognitive restructuring was employed.

Results

Results confirmed the primary hypothesis, showing that the M-CR-group showed a larger decline in belief in dysfunctional attitudes compared with the CR-only group (F = 4.2, p = 0.041, d = 0.25). No differences on secondary outcomes were observed between the two groups.

Limitations

Future research should explore the effects of motor-enhanced CR both more long-term (e.g., durability over weeks) and in clinical samples (e.g., anxiety and depression).

Conclusion

Should the findings be replicated in clinical samples, it is encouraging that simple bodily exercises can enhance the effect of one of the most central skills of cognitive therapy.

背景和目的以前的理论和实证研究都指出了身体在情绪产生和情绪调节中的重要作用。在本研究中，我们希望调查某些身体姿势和动作的表现是否能比传统的、只用语言表达的方法更有效地促进对功能失调认知态度的认知重组。其中一组接受认知重组（即仅重组组；CR-only），从好奇、坚强和勇敢的角度对功能失调的态度进行口头探索。另一组接受同样的口头指导，但除此之外，还被要求进行不同的身体练习（即运动增强重组组；M-CR），以增强对认知重组所采用的不同视角的体验。结果结果证实了主要假设，显示与纯 CR 组相比，M-CR 组在功能失调态度信念方面的下降幅度更大（F = 4.2，p = 0.041，d = 0.25）。局限性未来的研究应探索运动增强 CR 的长期效果（如持续数周）和临床样本（如焦虑和抑郁）。

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