Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

Therapeutic climbing as an adjunctive treatment for psychiatric inpatients: A qualitative study 治疗攀登作为精神科住院病人的辅助治疗：一项质性研究

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102058

Lisa Zöbl , Anika Frühauf , Alexander Heimbeck , Ulrich Voderholzer , Martin Kopp

Background

Therapeutic climbing (TC) is increasingly used as a therapy form in psychosomatic settings. Recent studies have shown its effectiveness in terms of symptom severity and other psychological factors compared to other sports and even to group cognitive behavioural therapy. To gain a deeper understanding of TC, the present study aimed to qualitatively explore the patients' perspectives.

Methodology

The qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of inpatients at a psychosomatic clinic who participated in a standardised climbing therapy group. The main diagnoses of the participants were depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 17; 12 female, 5 male). Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results

Most patients described positive effects of TC. The following four factors emerged: Cognitive (e.g. concentration, focus), emotional (e.g. trust in oneself and others), social (e.g. mutual support), and physical (e.g. strength). Patients also reported positive perceived aspects in connection with their mental disorder and listed various transfer options, which indicates an effectiveness beyond TC.

Discussion

From the patients' perspective, TC influences various factors, which also interact. Many of the identified effects could be assigned to the common factors of psychotherapy, which indicates that TC addresses similar factors as established psychotherapies. In addition to the researched aspects of self-efficacy and affective responses, new aspects were identified: Focus and concentration, social interaction, facing challenges, improved self-confidence, trust in others, and resource activation. Practical implications could be derived from this. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of TC in randomised, controlled clinical trials, considering the aspects identified.

背景：治疗攀登（TC）越来越多地被用作心身环境的治疗形式。最近的研究表明，与其他运动甚至群体认知行为疗法相比，它在症状严重程度和其他心理因素方面的有效性。为了更深入地了解TC，本研究旨在定性地探讨患者的观点。方法定性研究采用半结构化访谈法，探讨某心身门诊住院患者参加标准化攀爬治疗组的经历。参与者的主要诊断为抑郁、焦虑或强迫症（n = 17；女性12人，男性5人）。数据分析采用主题内容分析。结果大多数患者描述了TC的积极作用。以下四个因素出现了：认知（如集中、专注）、情感（如对自己和他人的信任）、社交（如相互支持）和身体（如力量）。患者还报告了与他们的精神障碍有关的积极感知方面，并列出了各种转移选择，这表明了超越TC的有效性。从患者的角度来看，TC影响着各种因素，这些因素也相互作用。许多已确定的效果可以归因于心理治疗的共同因素，这表明TC解决了与已建立的心理治疗相似的因素。除了自我效能感和情感反应的研究方面外，还发现了新的方面：集中注意力、社会互动、面对挑战、提高自信、对他人的信任和资源激活。由此可以得出实际意义。未来的研究应该在随机对照临床试验中调查TC的疗效，考虑到已确定的方面。

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引用次数: 0

Virtual reality assisted cognitive behavioral therapy improves theory of mind and decreases paranoia in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial 虚拟现实辅助认知行为疗法改善精神分裂症患者的心理理论并减少偏执：一项随机对照试验

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102055

Elham Monaghesh , Sara Farhang , Taha Samad-Soltani

Introduction

patients with schizophrenia have deficits in social cognition and functioning. Virtual reality is a 3D real-world simulation created by a computer. Virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy might increase effectiveness and acceptability of treatment for these patients. This study investigated the efficacy of VR-CBT compared to traditional CBT in improving these outcomes in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.

Methods

In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with schizophrenia (36 men, 24 women) were randomized to receive either four sessions of VR-CBT or traditional CBT, in addition to pharmacological treatment. The VR environment simulated a bus trip with 11 neutral-faced avatars. Outcomes were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; positive symptom subscale), the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS), and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test) at baseline and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Both groups showed significant improvements in all measures (p < 0.05). However, the VR-CBT group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in PANSS (p < 0.001) and GPTS scores (p < 0.001), and a significantly greater increase in Eyes Test scores (p < 0.002) compared to the CBT group. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusion

VR-CBT appears to be a promising adjunct to standard treatment for recent-onset schizophrenia, offering superior improvements in positive symptoms, paranoia, and ToM compared to traditional CBT. Further research is warranted to examine the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of VR-CBT in this population.

精神分裂症患者存在社会认知和社会功能缺陷。虚拟现实是由计算机创造的三维真实世界模拟。基于虚拟现实的认知行为疗法可能会提高这些患者治疗的有效性和可接受性。本研究调查了VR-CBT与传统CBT在改善新近发作的精神分裂症患者这些结果方面的疗效。方法在这项开放标签、随机对照试验中，60名精神分裂症患者（36名男性，24名女性）在药物治疗的基础上随机接受4次VR-CBT或传统CBT治疗。这个虚拟现实环境用11个无表情的虚拟人物模拟了一次巴士旅行。在基线和治疗后使用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS；阳性症状子量表）、绿色偏执思维量表（GPTS）和眼睛读心术测试（Eyes Test）评估结果。数据分析采用重复测量方差分析。结果两组患者各项指标均有显著改善（p < 0.05）。然而，与CBT组相比，VR-CBT组在PANSS （p < 0.001）和GPTS评分（p < 0.001）方面表现出显著更大的下降，在眼睛测试评分方面表现出显著更大的增加（p < 0.002）。无不良反应报告。结论vr -CBT似乎是一种有希望的辅助治疗新发精神分裂症的标准治疗方法，与传统CBT相比，在阳性症状、偏执和ToM方面提供了更好的改善。有必要进一步研究VR-CBT在这一人群中的长期影响和潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Let's kick that habit: An experiment of five habit-change strategies on habits and symptoms among adults with sleep problems 让我们戒除这个习惯：一项针对有睡眠问题的成年人的习惯和症状的五种习惯改变策略的实验

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102049

Laurel D. Sarfan, Anne E. Milner, Sondra Tiab, Diya Tuli, Allison G. Harvey

Habits are underexplored in research on evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs). We recruited participants (N = 286) with sleep problems via Mechanical Turk for an experiment to shift wake-up habits, a key target of EBPTs for sleep problems. Participants were randomly assigned to a control (i.e., psychoeducation about healthy wake-up habits) or one of five active habit-change strategies: substitution with RISE UP, awareness training, vigilant monitoring, implementation intentions, and values. New and old wake-up habit strength, sleep disruption, and sleep-related impairment were assessed at baseline, six-week follow-up, and three-month follow-up. Aim 1 tested within- and between-condition change in the outcomes. Aim 2 tested whether change in wake-up habit strength predicted improvements in sleep disruption and sleep-related impairment. Except the values condition, all habit-change strategies and the control were significantly associated with within-condition improvements at 6-week follow-up and 3-month follow-up in: new habit strength (d = 0.81 to 1.68), old habit strength (d = −0.63 to −1.04), sleep disruption (d = −0.97 to −1.98), and sleep-related impairment (d = −0.60 to −1.65). Few differences between conditions emerged. Across conditions, more than 50% of participants met thresholds for clinically meaningful improvement, except the values condition at 3-month follow-up. Change in new and old habit strength significantly predicted change in sleep problems. Key limitations included: an exclusively online study design, dropout rate, and sample collected via Mechanical Turk using self-report measures without formal assessment of sleep diagnoses. Future research should investigate the clinical presentations and EBPT skills for which these habit-change strategies are most effective.

习惯在循证心理治疗（EBPTs）的研究中尚未得到充分的探索。我们通过Mechanical Turk招募了有睡眠问题的参与者（N = 286），进行了一项改变唤醒习惯的实验，这是ebpt治疗睡眠问题的关键目标。参与者被随机分配到对照组（即，关于健康唤醒习惯的心理教育）或五种积极的习惯改变策略中的一种：用RISE UP替代、意识训练、警惕监测、实施意图和价值观。在基线、6周随访和3个月随访时评估新旧唤醒习惯强度、睡眠中断和睡眠相关损伤。目的1测试结果的条件内和条件间变化。目的2测试了唤醒习惯强度的改变是否能预测睡眠中断和睡眠相关障碍的改善。除价值观条件外，所有习惯改变策略和对照组在6周随访和3个月随访时与条件内改善显著相关：新习惯强度（d = 0.81至1.68）、旧习惯强度（d = - 0.63至- 1.04）、睡眠中断（d = - 0.97至- 1.98）和睡眠相关障碍（d = - 0.60至- 1.65）。不同条件之间几乎没有差异。在所有条件下，超过50%的参与者达到了临床有意义改善的阈值，除了3个月随访时的价值条件。新旧习惯强度的变化显著预测了睡眠问题的变化。主要的限制包括：一个专门的在线研究设计，辍学率，以及通过Mechanical Turk使用自我报告测量收集的样本，没有对睡眠诊断进行正式评估。未来的研究应该调查临床表现和EBPT技能，这些习惯改变策略是最有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms moderate the effect of contamination motion on disgust intensity 强迫症状调节污染运动对厌恶强度的影响

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102068

M. Pelzer , C. Ouellet-Courtois , S. Krause , A. Coughtrey , J. Fink-Lamotte

Background

Perceiving a threat as constantly evolving, coming closer and escalating quickly can result in looming vulnerability (LV). LV may be a distal factor in contamination-based OCD (C-OCD) influencing disorder-specific mechanisms such as disgust. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about three components of LV: speed, proximity and acceleration, and their influence on the relationship between disgust and C-OCD symptoms.

Methods

119 participants with subclinical C-OCD symptoms imagined four out of seven versions of a disgusting bathroom scene, varying in speed (slow/fast), proximity (farther away/closer), and acceleration (constant/exponential). These six dynamic conditions were compared to a static description. T-tests and a Bayesian multilevel model were used to assess differences in perceived dynamics of threat, disgust responses, and to examine the moderating role of C-OCD symptoms on responses to the experimental conditions.

Results

Threats in the dynamic conditions were perceived as significantly faster, closer, and more accelerated than in the static version. A difference within dynamic dimensions only emerged between the farther away and closer conditions. The Bayesian model showed a moderating effect of C-OCD symptoms leading to higher levels of disgust in the dynamic conditions, but not within the static condition.

Limitations

Without baseline disgust and LV measures, the specific contributions to disgust and LV for each condition remain unclear.

Conclusion

By showing that imagining dynamic contamination only elicits stronger disgust in individuals with higher C-OCD symptoms, the results support the idea of LV as a distal factor influencing symptom-maintaining factors in C-OCD such as disgust.

将威胁视为不断演变、越来越近和迅速升级可能会导致隐现的脆弱性（LV）。左室可能是污染型强迫症（C-OCD）中影响疾病特异性机制（如厌恶）的一个远端因素。本研究的目的是了解LV的三个组成部分：速度、接近度和加速度，以及它们对厌恶与C-OCD症状之间关系的影响。方法119名有亚临床C-OCD症状的参与者想象7个版本中的4个恶心的浴室场景，不同的速度（慢/快）、距离（远/近）和加速度（恒定/指数）。将这六种动态条件与静态描述进行比较。使用t检验和贝叶斯多水平模型来评估威胁、厌恶反应的感知动态差异，并检验C-OCD症状对实验条件下反应的调节作用。结果动态条件下的威胁感知明显比静态条件下更快、更近、更快。动态维度上的差异只出现在较远和较近的条件之间。贝叶斯模型显示，C-OCD症状在动态条件下有调节作用，导致厌恶水平升高，而在静态条件下没有。局限性：没有基线厌恶和左室测量，每种情况下对厌恶和左室的具体贡献仍然不清楚。结论想象动态污染只会在C-OCD症状较高的个体中引起更强烈的厌恶，结果支持左室是影响C-OCD症状维持因素（如厌恶）的远端因素的观点。

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引用次数: 0

Psychopathic meanness is associated with fewer over-mentalizing errors 精神病态的刻薄与较少的过度思维错误有关

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102054

Steven M. Gillespie , Ahmad M. Abu-Akel

In many of the tests used to investigate the relationship of psychopathic traits with theory of mind task perfromance, the nature of any mentalizing errors is unclear, and performance could reflect a tendency towards either under-mentalizing or over-mentalizing. In this study, a sample of 92 healthy adult participants completed a measure of psychopathic traits and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). The MASC not only assesses mentalizing about cognitive and affective mental states but also measures the proportion of under-versus over-mentalizing errors. Psychopathic meanness, but not boldness or disinhibition, was associated with better overall mentalizing, better cognitive mentalizing, and fewer over-mentalizing errors. Our findings are discussed in the context of using a consistent and well-defined operationalization of mentalizing and the importance of assessing the tendency toward under- or over-mentalizing errors to better understand the nature of theory of mind task performance in relation to distinct psychopathic traits.

在许多用于调查心理病态特征与心理理论任务表现之间关系的测试中，任何心理错误的性质都是不清楚的，而表现可能反映出心理化不足或心理化过度的倾向。在本研究中，92名健康成人参与者完成了心理变态特征的测量和社会认知评估电影（MASC）。MASC不仅可以评估认知和情感心理状态的心理化，还可以衡量心理化不足和心理化过度的比例。精神病性的刻薄，而不是大胆或去抑制，与更好的整体心理化、更好的认知心理化和更少的过度心理化错误相关。我们的研究结果是在使用一致和定义明确的心理化操作化以及评估心理化不足或过度错误倾向的重要性的背景下讨论的，以更好地理解与不同精神病特征相关的心理理论任务表现的本质。

引用次数: 0

Facing your inner critic: a randomized controlled trial investigating a virtual reality intervention with and without a perspective change for excessive self-criticism 面对你内心的批评：一项随机对照试验，调查虚拟现实干预，有和没有过度自我批评的观点改变

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102053

Marit Hidding , Wim Veling , Gerdina H.M. Pijnenborg , Elisabeth C.D. van der Stouwe

Objectives

Excessive self-criticism has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, as well as poorer therapeutic outcomes. Compassion-based therapies are time-consuming and can be challenging because of the use of mental imagery. Virtual Reality interventions enable concrete visual representations and may be more efficient. We investigated a single-session VR intervention, based on chair dialogue exercises from schema therapy, for self-criticism and self-compassion. Furthermore, the additional effect of the novel VR technique perspective change was assessed.

Design

Undergraduate students (n = 68) with high levels of self-criticism were randomized to either the intervention with or without an additional perspective change. Pre- and post-measures consisted of self-report questionnaires on self-compassion, self-criticism, negative and positive affect.

Methods

Participants underwent the single-session VR intervention where they had to respond assertively towards an avatar who expressed the participant's own excessive self-criticism. The perspective change consisted of a change to third person perspective.

Results

The VR intervention significantly decreased self-criticism and negative affect and increased self-compassion for both conditions directly after the session. No additional effect was found for the perspective change.

Conclusions

This was the first study to apply VR within a schema therapy exercise. Positive effects indicate the potential of VR schema therapy for individuals with excessive self-criticism in clinical practice.

Trial registration

The trial was registered retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (Trial ID: NCT05887141).

过度的自我批评与多种精神疾病以及较差的治疗效果有关。基于同情的治疗是耗时的，并且由于使用心理意象而具有挑战性。虚拟现实干预能够实现具体的视觉表现，可能更有效。我们研究了一种基于图式疗法的椅子对话练习的单次VR干预，用于自我批评和自我同情。此外，还评估了新VR技术视角变化的附加效应。设计自我批评水平高的本科生（n = 68）被随机分为有或没有额外观点改变的干预组。前测和后测包括自我同情、自我批评、消极和积极影响的自我报告问卷。参与者接受了单次虚拟现实干预，他们必须对表达参与者自己过度自我批评的化身做出自信的回应。视角的改变包括第三人称视角的改变。结果虚拟现实干预显著降低了自我批评和消极情绪，增加了自我同情。没有发现视角变化的额外影响。这是第一个将VR应用于图式治疗的研究。积极效应表明VR图式治疗在临床实践中对过度自我批评个体具有潜在的作用。试验注册该试验在ClinicalTrials.gov上回顾性注册（试验ID: NCT05887141）。

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引用次数: 0

Stress and stress reactivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following eye movement desensitization (EMD): A randomized controlled trial 眼动脱敏（EMD）后创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的应激和应激反应：一项随机对照试验

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102052

Eka Susanty , Marit Sijbrandij , Denise J. van der Mee , Wilis Srisayekti , Yusep Suparman , Anja C. Huizink

Background and objectives

People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may experience heightened stress reactivity. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment involving eye movements while retrieving memories. We evaluated if EMD participants had less stress reactivity than retrieval-only participants after personal trauma scripts. We also investigated changes in daily cortisol levels related to treatment outcomes.

Methodology

PTSD participants (N = 91) were randomly assigned to EMD (N = 47) or retrieval-only conditions (N = 44). Baseline and post-treatment data were collected and measured using Heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and cortisol levels (AUC; the area under the curve, and CAR; the cortisol awakening response). We conducted a linear mixed model to analyze the main outcomes.

Results

No difference between EMD and retrieval-only in the reduction of stress reactivity and acceleration of recovery over time. Both groups showed that HR and PEP reactivity to the trauma script decreased significantly after treatment. In contrast, only EMD group experienced an acceleration of HR recovery in response to trauma scripts following treatment. Cortisol measures showed an inconsistent pattern, with a higher CAR in retrieval-only after treatment compared to EMD. However, no significant difference was found between groups in terms of AUC levels after treatment.

Limitation

The precision of measuring and analyzing saliva samples is highly dependent on the participant's adherence to the schedule.

Conclusion

No specific benefits for eye movements was found in the current study. Both EMDR and retrieval-only can reduce stress reactivity in treating PTSD.

Clinical trial registration

[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ISRCTN55239132].

背景和目的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者可能会经历高度的应激反应。眼动脱敏和再加工（EMDR）是一种基于证据的治疗方法，涉及在检索记忆时的眼动。我们评估了EMD参与者在个人创伤脚本后的应激反应是否低于仅提取的参与者。我们还研究了与治疗结果相关的每日皮质醇水平的变化。方法91名yptsd参与者随机分为EMD组（N = 47）和单纯检索组（N = 44）。收集基线和治疗后数据，并使用心率变异性（HRV）、心率（HR）、射血前期（PEP）和皮质醇水平(AUC；曲线下面积、CAR；皮质醇唤醒反应)。我们进行了一个线性混合模型来分析主要结果。结果随着时间的推移，EMD与提取法在降低应激反应性和加速恢复方面没有差异。两组患者治疗后HR和PEP对创伤脚本的反应性均显著降低。相比之下，只有EMD组在治疗后对创伤脚本的反应中经历了HR恢复的加速。皮质醇测量显示出不一致的模式，与EMD相比，治疗后仅恢复的CAR更高。然而，治疗后各组间的AUC水平无显著差异。限制测量和分析唾液样本的精度高度依赖于参与者对时间表的遵守。结论本研究未发现对眼球运动有明显的益处。EMDR和单纯的提取疗法都能降低PTSD患者的应激反应。临床试验注册[www.ClinicalTrials.gov]，标识符[ISRCTN55239132]。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing effects on memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety via metaphor encoding of solutions and motivated retrieval of problem contexts 通过解决方案的隐喻编码和问题情境的动机检索增强焦虑患者心理治疗的记忆效果

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102041

Lu Zhang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Fei Yu , Wencai Zhang

The psychotherapeutic memory is vital for sustaining the therapy's effect for longer, as it serves as a resource for coping with future mental distress. This study used “problem-solution” micro-counselling dialogues (MCDs) to investigate whether memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety could be promoted by enhancing encoding and retrieval of memory. Experiment 1 examined whether metaphorical encoding of solutions could obtain better memory of solutions in people with anxiety. Experiment 2 examined whether high retrieval motivation (HRM) of problems could promote memory retrieval of solutions, especially metaphorical ones, compared with low retrieval motivation (LRM) in people with anxiety. The results revealed that (1) metaphorical encoding increased memory performance, with higher memory discrimination (d’) and correct recognition numbers (CR) of solutions compared with literal solutions in both the anxious and healthy group. (2) High retrieval motivation increased memory performance only in anxious participants, with the d’ of HRM higher than LRM and the d’ of HRM in metaphorical solutions higher than literal ones. These results indicated optimal memory of psychotherapy for anxious individuals can be achieved by simultaneously employing metaphorical encoding of solutions and increasing the retrieval motivation of problems.

心理治疗记忆对于长期维持治疗效果至关重要，因为它可以作为应对未来精神痛苦的资源。本研究采用“问题-解决”微咨询对话（mcd）来探讨是否可以通过增强记忆编码和检索来促进焦虑患者的心理治疗记忆。实验1考察了解决方案的隐喻编码是否能使焦虑者获得更好的解决方案记忆。实验2考察了高问题检索动机（HRM）与低问题检索动机（LRM）相比，是否能促进解决方案的记忆检索，尤其是隐喻性的记忆检索。结果表明：(1)隐喻编码提高了焦虑组和健康组的记忆表现，对解决方案的记忆判别（d '）和正确识别数（CR）均高于字面解决方案。(2)高检索动机只对焦虑被试的记忆表现有促进作用，人力资源管理的d′值高于低检索动机，人力资源管理的隐喻性解决方案的d′值高于字面性解决方案。这些结果表明，通过对解决方案进行隐喻编码和增加问题的检索动机，可以实现焦虑个体心理治疗的最佳记忆。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the role of weight in body representation through the Rubber Hand Illusion: when individual weight concerns matter 通过橡胶手错觉调查体重在身体表征中的作用：当个人体重问题重要时

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102039

Maria Elena Navarra , Sofia Tagini , Alessandro Mauro , Federica Scarpina

Bodily weight is a physical characteristic involved in body dissatisfaction. We investigated whether the cognitive body representation can be updated to include weight variations using the Rubber Hand Illusion. Moreover, we aimed to explore the role of the individual expression of weight concerns and fat-phobia.

Twenty-eight healthy-weight women participated to a Rubber Hand Illusion study, in which an over- and an under-weight rubber hand were tested together with a normal-weigh rubber hand. We verified the effect of hand's weight on the proprioceptive drift and the subjective experience of illusion. Moreover, we measured the individual expression of weight concerns.

As with the normal-weight rubber hand, both the underweight and overweight ones produced significant rubber hand illusion effects, as quantified by proprioceptive judgments and questionnaire ratings. Moreover, higher levels of body image concerns were linked to higher shift towards the under-weight rubber hand, as well as higher expression of fat-phobia increased higher illusory subjective experience towards the normal-weight hand.

Hands of different weights can be successfully embodied, in line with previous evidence relative to whole body illusions. Nevertheless, we underlined the role of weight concerns in modulating the illusion. Our results are meaningful for those psychopathological conditions characterized by profound changes in individual weight.

体重是一种与身体不满有关的身体特征。我们研究了认知身体表征是否可以更新，以包括使用橡胶手错觉的体重变化。此外，我们的目的是探讨体重担忧和肥胖恐惧症的个体表达的作用。28名体重正常的女性参加了一项“橡胶手错觉”研究，在这项研究中，超重和体重不足的橡胶手与体重正常的橡胶手一起接受了测试。我们验证了手的重量对本体感觉漂移和错觉的主观体验的影响。此外，我们还测量了个体对体重担忧的表达。与正常体重的橡胶手一样，体重过轻和超重的人都产生了显著的橡胶手错觉效应，这是通过本体感觉判断和问卷评分来量化的。此外，对身体形象的担忧程度越高，人们越倾向于选择体重不足的橡胶手，而对肥胖的恐惧程度越高，人们对体重正常的手的主观错觉体验也越高。不同重量的手可以成功具体化，这与之前关于全身幻觉的证据一致。然而，我们强调了体重在调节这种错觉中的作用。我们的结果对于那些以个体体重的深刻变化为特征的精神病理状况是有意义的。

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引用次数: 0

Repetitive negative thinking in OCD: Evaluation of novel scenarios for cognitive bias modification training 强迫症患者重复性消极思维：认知偏差修正训练新场景的评估

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102037

Chloe Bowles , Rachel White , Colette R. Hirsch , Karina Wahl

Background and objectives

Evidence suggests that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is underpinned by interpretation bias which is heightened among individuals with OCD. Cognitive bias modification for interpretation training (CBM-I) may reduce RNT by modifying interpretation bias which could reduce OCD symptoms. This study evaluated novel scenarios in terms of appropriateness and validity for use in a future CBM-I study targeting OCD-related RNT. This included analysis of the associations between interpretation bias and OCD symptoms, RNT, and OCD-specific rumination, respectively.

Methods

Forty-four novel CBM-I scenarios targeting RNT in OCD were developed based on clinical expertise and interviews of people with lived experience. A general population sample (

N

= 167) completed the missing word at the end of each scenario to resolve ambiguity. This provided a measure of interpretation bias, and item-level data on the materials’ ability to assess negative and benign interpretations. Participants also completed measures of OCD symptoms, general RNT and OCD-specific rumination.

Results

Most scenarios displayed strong item discrimination coefficients, and well-balanced valence of interpretation responses, with minimal improvements required for future use. Interpretation bias was moderately positively correlated with OCD symptoms, RNT, and OCD-specific rumination, indicating good criterion validity.

Limitations

The order of CBM-I scenarios was not randomised which may have led to order effects, and some participants failed to adhere to instructions causing missing data.

Conclusions

The evaluation of the CBM-I scenarios yielded encouraging results for their use in a future CBM-I single session study. This may lead the way for future interventions for OCD-related RNT.

背景和目的有证据表明，重复性消极思维（RNT）是由解释偏见所支撑的，这种偏见在强迫症患者中尤为突出。口译训练认知偏见修正（CBM-I）可能通过改变口译偏见来减少RNT，从而减轻强迫症症状。本研究评估了在未来针对强迫症相关RNT的CBM-I研究中使用的适当性和有效性。这包括分别分析解释偏差与强迫症症状、RNT和强迫症特异性反刍之间的关系。方法基于临床专业知识和对有生活经验的人的访谈，开发了44种针对强迫症患者RNT的新型CBM-I方案。在每个场景结束时，一般人口样本（N = 167）完成缺失的单词以解决歧义。这提供了解释偏差的测量，以及材料评估负面和良性解释能力的项目水平数据。参与者还完成了强迫症症状、一般RNT和强迫症特异性反刍的测量。结果大多数情景表现出较强的项目辨别系数，解释反应的效价平衡良好，对未来使用的改进要求最小。解释偏倚与强迫症症状、RNT和强迫症特异性反刍中度正相关，表明标准效度良好。限制：CBM-I场景的顺序不是随机的，这可能导致顺序效应，一些参与者没有遵守指令，导致数据丢失。结论：对CBM-I情景的评估产生了令人鼓舞的结果，可用于未来的CBM-I单期研究。这可能为未来强迫症相关RNT的干预开辟道路。

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