Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第6页

Virtual reality exposure with vibrotactile stimulation for the treatment of fear of flying: A pilot study 虚拟现实暴露与振动触觉刺激治疗飞行恐惧：一项试点研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101915

J.M. Ribé-Viñes , J. Gutiérrez-Maldonado , Zahra Zabolipour , M. Ferrer-Garcia

Background and objectives

Virtual reality (VR) interventions are becoming more prevalent in treating fear of flying (FoF). Since multisensory stimulation can enhance the sense of presence in a virtual environment, the present study compared virtual reality exposure with and without vibrotactile cues to determine its contribution to the realism of the virtual experience.

Methods

A repeated measures design was used. Thirty-one participants were exposed to two experimental conditions with a minimum of a one-week interval between them: one in which participants were exposed to the virtual environment with vibrotactile cues (smart chair, SC), and another in which participants were exposed to the virtual environment without vibrotactile cues (ordinary chair, OC). The administration order of both conditions was counterbalanced to avoid possible order effects.

Results

Participants felt higher levels of sense of presence when using the SC than the OC. However, the addition of vibrotactile stimulation partially influenced experienced anxiety. Some personality traits were also associated with participants’ sense of presence and anxiety responses during the exposure.

Limitations

The sample size was smaller than required. Moreover, only self-reported measures were used. Finally, a roller coaster instead of an airplane scenario was used for the exposure, which might not have been suitable enough for provoking anxiety in participants with FoF.

Conclusions

Vibrotactile cues enhanced the sense of presence. However, the addition of vibrotactile stimulation did not have a consistent effect on anxiety experienced during exposure. Therefore, the benefits of incorporating vibrotactile cues in virtual reality environments for exposure therapy are not clear.

背景和目标：虚拟现实（VR）干预在治疗飞行恐惧症（FoF）方面越来越普遍。由于多感官刺激可以增强虚拟环境中的存在感，本研究比较了有振动触觉提示和没有振动触觉提示的虚拟现实暴露，以确定其对虚拟体验真实性的贡献。方法：采用重复测量设计。31名参与者暴露在两种实验条件下，间隔至少一周：一种是参与者暴露在有振动触觉提示的虚拟环境中（智能椅子，SC），另一种是与会者暴露在没有振动触觉提示（普通椅子，OC）的虚拟环境下。两种情况下的行政命令都得到了平衡，以避免可能的命令效应。结果：与OC相比，参与者在使用SC时感觉到更高水平的存在感。然而，振动触觉刺激的加入在一定程度上影响了体验焦虑。一些性格特征也与参与者在暴露期间的存在感和焦虑反应有关。限制：样本量小于要求。此外，只使用了自我报告的措施。最后，使用过山车而不是飞机场景进行暴露，这可能不足以引发FoF参与者的焦虑。结论：可控振动提示增强了在场感。然而，振动触觉刺激的加入并没有对暴露期间的焦虑产生一致的影响。因此，在虚拟现实环境中结合振动触觉提示进行暴露治疗的好处尚不清楚。

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引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of cognitive bias modification in reducing substance use in detained juveniles: An RCT 认知偏差矫正在减少被拘留青少年药物使用方面的有效性：随机对照试验。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101916

Hans S. van der Baan , dr Annematt L. Collot D'Escury-Koenigs , dr Reinout W. Wiers

Background and objective

Young offenders show high levels of substance use. Treatment programs within detention settings are less effective. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a promising supplement to substance use treatment. This study tests the effectiveness of CBM in young offenders to reduce cannabis and alcohol use, and delinquent recidivism.

Method

A randomized controlled trial added CBM to treatment as usual (TAU), among 181 youth in juvenile detention centers. In a factorial design, participants were randomly assigned to either active- or sham-training for two varieties of CBM, targeting attentional-bias (AtB) and approach-bias (ApB) for their most used substance. Substance use was measured with the Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Tests. Delinquent recidivism was measured with the International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD) survey.

Results

At pretest, participants showed AtB but no ApB for both substances. For alcohol, a decrease was found in AtB in the active-training group. For cannabis, a decrease was found in AtB for both active- and sham-training groups. Regardless of condition, no effects were found on substance use or ISRD scores at follow-up.

Limitations

The sample is judicial, not clinical, as is the setting. TAU and participant goals are not necessarily substance related.

Conclusions

Young offenders show a significant attentional-bias towards substance cues. CBM changed attentional-biases but not substance use. Combining CBM with a motivational intervention is advised. Follow-up research should better integrate CBM with running treatment programs. New developments regarding CBM task design could be used that link training better to treatment.

背景和目的：青少年罪犯表现出高水平的药物使用。拘留场所内的治疗方案效果较差。认知偏差修正（CBM）是对物质使用治疗的一种很有前途的补充。本研究测试了CBM在青少年罪犯中减少大麻和酒精使用以及犯罪累犯的有效性。方法：一项随机对照试验在181名青少年拘留中心的青少年中加入CBM进行常规治疗（TAU）。在析因设计中，参与者被随机分配到两种CBM的主动或假训练中，即针对他们最常用物质的注意力偏差（AtB）和接近偏差（ApB）。物质使用是通过酒精和大麻使用障碍鉴定测试来衡量的。犯罪累犯是通过国际犯罪自我报告（ISRD）调查来衡量的。结果：在预测试中，参与者对这两种物质都表现出AtB，但没有ApB。在酒精方面，主动训练组的AtB有所下降。对于大麻，主动训练组和假训练组的AtB都有所下降。无论情况如何，在随访中都没有发现对药物使用或ISRD评分的影响。限制：样本是司法的，而不是临床的，就像环境一样。TAU和参与者目标不一定与实质内容相关。结论：青少年罪犯对物质线索表现出显著的注意偏向。CBM改变了注意力偏差，但没有改变物质使用。建议将CBM与动机干预相结合。后续研究应更好地将煤层气与正在运行的治疗计划结合起来。CBM任务设计方面的新进展可以用于更好地将训练与治疗联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Mental threat rehearsal increases fear generalization 心理威胁演练增加恐惧泛化

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101917

Eva A.M. van Dis, Muriel A. Hagenaars, Iris M. Engelhard

Background and objectives

Fear generalization to harmless stimuli characterizes anxiety-related disorders, but much remains unknown about its determinants. Based on studies showing that mental imagery of threat can increase conditioned fear responding, we tested whether it also facilitates fear generalization, and whether threat inflation moderates this effect.

Methods

In a fear conditioning study, 120 participants first completed an acquisition phase, in which one of two pictures was followed by an aversive sound (human scream). Then, the sound was presented 11 times at an increasing (threat inflation) or constant volume (no threat inflation). Finally, a generalization stimulus was presented, and some participants were asked to imagine the last sound (threat rehearsal) and others were not (no threat rehearsal).

Results

Bayesian informative hypotheses tests indicated that imagery-based threat rehearsal increased generalization of threat expectancy, and, combined with threat inflation, it also resulted in stronger generalized distress.

Limitations

due to the absence of a test phase, it is unclear whether our effects would transfer to other GSs and whether they would persist beyond the manipulation phase.

Conclusions

Mental imagery of threat may put individuals at risk for fear generalization. Future studies should examine whether modulating imagery may prevent clinical anxiety.

背景与目的对无害刺激的恐惧泛化是焦虑相关障碍的特征，但其决定因素尚不清楚。基于研究表明威胁的心理意象可以增加条件性恐惧反应，我们测试了它是否也有助于恐惧泛化，以及威胁膨胀是否会缓和这种影响。方法在一项恐惧条件反射研究中，120名参与者首先完成了一个习得阶段，在这个阶段中，两张图片中的一张后面跟着令人厌恶的声音(人的尖叫)。然后，声音以增加(威胁膨胀)或恒定音量(没有威胁膨胀)播放11次。最后，给出一个泛化刺激，一些参与者被要求想象最后一个声音(威胁排练)，而另一些则没有(没有威胁排练)。结果贝叶斯信息假设检验表明，基于图像的威胁预演提高了威胁预期的泛化，并与威胁膨胀相结合，导致更强的泛化焦虑。由于缺乏测试阶段，目前尚不清楚我们的效果是否会转移到其他GSs，以及它们是否会在操作阶段之后持续存在。结论威胁的心理意象可能增加个体恐惧泛化的风险。未来的研究应该检查调节意象是否可以预防临床焦虑。

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引用次数: 0

Putting things right: An experimental investigation of memory biases related to symmetry, ordering and arranging behaviour 纠正错误：一项关于对称、有序和排列行为的记忆偏差的实验研究。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101914

Adam S. Radomsky, Catherine Ouellet-Courtois, Elissa Golden, Jessica M. Senn, Chris L. Parrish

Background and objectives

Research indicates the presence of both explicit and implicit memory biases for threat. However, empirical support for the presence of memory biases related to symmetry, ordering and arranging is lacking, despite the fact that many individuals report anxiety associated with their personal belongings being out of place. The aim of this experiment was to examine memory biases for disorderliness and their associations with symmetry, ordering and arranging symptoms.

Methods

Eighty undergraduate participants were assigned to one of four conditions, consisting of rooms in which objects were arranged according to different levels of disorderliness (orderly, slightly disorderly, slightly orderly, and disorderly). Participants next completed a memory task in which their memory for disordered vs. ordered objects was assessed. Measures of OCD symptoms, preference for symmetry, OCD belief domains, anxiety and depression were completed.

Results

Analyses indicated that participants in the slightly disorderly condition showed significantly better recall and recognition for the disordered items than for the ordered items, and that those in the slightly orderly condition showed the same pattern in recall, but not recognition. No associations were found between a preference for symmetry and memory biases.

Limitations

The sample scored particularly low on our measure of symptoms of preference for symmetry, compromising the generalizability of our results.

Conclusions

Findings provide evidence for a general memory bias for disorderliness, although this bias does not appear to be associated with symmetry, ordering and arranging symptoms. Results are discussed from a cognitive-behavioural perspective with the consideration of feelings of incompleteness.

背景和目的：研究表明，威胁存在外显和内隐记忆偏见。然而，尽管许多人报告说，他们的个人物品不合适会导致焦虑，但缺乏对对称、有序和排列相关记忆偏见存在的实证支持。本实验的目的是检验记忆偏差的无序性及其与对称性、有序性和排列症状的关系。方法：80名本科生被分配到四个条件中的一个，由房间组成，房间中的物体按照不同的无序程度（有序、轻微无序、轻微有序和无序）排列。接下来，参与者完成了一项记忆任务，评估他们对无序和有序物体的记忆。完成了强迫症症状、对称偏好、强迫症信念域、焦虑和抑郁的测量。结果：分析表明，轻度无序状态下的参与者对无序项目的回忆和识别能力明显高于有序项目，轻度有序状态下的受访者在回忆和识别方面表现出相同的模式，但没有识别。对称偏好和记忆偏差之间没有发现关联。局限性：样本在我们对对称性偏好症状的测量中得分特别低，这损害了我们结果的可推广性。结论：研究结果为无序的一般记忆偏倚提供了证据，尽管这种偏倚似乎与对称、有序和排列症状无关。结果是从认知行为的角度讨论的，考虑到了不完整的感觉。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of self-referential processing on depression-linked negative interpretive bias 自我指涉加工对抑郁的影响与消极解释偏见有关。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101912

Clair Lawson, Colin MacLeod, Geoff Hammond, Ben Grafton

Background and objectives

Cognitive theories propose that individuals with heightened depression are characterized by biases in memory and interpretation, favoring the processing of negative information. Individuals with heightened depression exhibit a negative memory bias, and this bias is disproportionately evident when emotional information is processed in a self-referential manner. In studies investigating whether individuals with heightened depression exhibit a negative interpretative bias, the measures employed have often been compromised by serious methodological limitations. When interpretation has been measured using an eye-blink modulation approach, which overcomes these limitations, evidence of depression-linked negative interpretive bias has emerged. However, the important issue of whether this bias depends upon self-referential processing has gone unresolved.

Method

In the present study, we assessed interpretation using the eye blink modulation approach, in participants scoring high or low on the Beck Depression Inventory-II. A simple manipulation ensured that ambiguous information either was, or was not, processed in a self-referential manner.

Results

The results showed that, when ambiguous information was processed in a self-referential manner, participants scoring high on the BDI-II displayed blink magnitudes indicating greater negative interpretative bias compared to participants scoring low on the BDI-II. This was not the case when ambiguous information was processed in an other-referential manner.

Limitations

The present findings do not permit the inference that this negative interpretive bias causally contributes to depressive symptomatology.

Conclusions

The results support the hypothesis that people with high levels of depression display greater negative interpretive bias than people with low levels of depression, but only when ambiguous information is processed in a self-referential manner.

背景和目的：认知理论认为，抑郁症患者在记忆和解释方面存在偏见，倾向于处理负面信息。抑郁症加重的个体表现出负面记忆偏见，当情绪信息以自我参照的方式处理时，这种偏见尤为明显。在调查抑郁症加重患者是否表现出负面解释偏见的研究中，所采用的测量方法往往受到严重的方法限制。当使用眨眼调制方法来测量解释时，克服了这些限制，出现了与抑郁症相关的负面解释偏见的证据。然而，这种偏见是否取决于自我参照处理这一重要问题尚未解决。方法：在本研究中，我们使用眨眼调节方法对Beck抑郁量表II得分高或低的参与者进行了解释评估。一个简单的操作确保了模棱两可的信息要么被处理，要么没有被处理。结果：结果表明，当以自我参照的方式处理模糊信息时，BDI-II评分高的参与者表现出眨眼幅度，表明与BDI-II得分低的参与者相比，负面解释偏见更大。当以其他引用方式处理模糊信息时，情况并非如此。局限性：目前的研究结果不允许推断这种负面的解释偏见会导致抑郁症状。结论：研究结果支持这样一种假设，即高抑郁水平的人比低抑郁水平的人们表现出更大的负面解释偏见，但只有当模糊信息以自我参照的方式处理时。

{"title":"The impact of self-referential processing on depression-linked negative interpretive bias","authors":"Clair Lawson, Colin MacLeod, Geoff Hammond, Ben Grafton","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Cognitive theories propose that individuals with heightened depression are characterized by biases in memory and interpretation, favoring the processing of negative information. Individuals with heightened depression exhibit a negative memory bias, and this bias is disproportionately evident when emotional information is processed in a self-referential manner. In studies investigating whether individuals with heightened depression exhibit a negative interpretative bias, the measures employed have often been compromised by serious methodological limitations. When interpretation has been measured using an eye-blink modulation approach, which overcomes these limitations, evidence of depression-linked negative interpretive bias has emerged. However, the important issue of whether this bias depends upon self-referential processing has gone unresolved.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In the present study, we assessed interpretation using the eye blink modulation approach, in participants scoring high or low on the Beck Depression Inventory-II. A simple manipulation ensured that ambiguous information either was, or was not, processed in a self-referential manner.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that, when ambiguous information was processed in a self-referential manner, participants scoring high on the BDI-II displayed blink magnitudes indicating greater negative interpretative bias compared to participants scoring low on the BDI-II. This was not the case when ambiguous information was processed in an other-referential manner.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The present findings do not permit the inference that this negative interpretive bias causally contributes to depressive symptomatology.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results support the hypothesis that people with high levels of depression display greater negative interpretive bias than people with low levels of depression, but only when ambiguous information is processed in a self-referential manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 101912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning to be inventive in the face of statistics: A positive reappraisal intervention for statistics anxiety 在统计学面前学会创新：对统计学焦虑的积极重新评估干预。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101913

Corinna M. Perchtold-Stefan , Magdalena Schertler , Manuela Paechter , Andreas Fink , Elisabeth M. Weiss , Ilona Papousek

Background and objectives

The burden of statistics anxiety on students calls for effective interventions. This study investigated whether a cognitive reappraisal training designed to stimulate the generation of positive re-interpretations may yield behavioral changes in anxiety measures and changes in cerebral activation patterns reflecting the activation of approach/avoidance motivational tendencies (frontal EEG alpha asymmetry response).

Methods

Three groups of female psychology students (n = 45) with statistics anxiety were tested. Two groups received a guided, two-week reappraisal training with either statistics-anxiety or general anxiety situations; the control group received no intervention.

Results

Both training groups significantly increased their amount of positive re-interpretations from pre-to post-test compared to the control group. Increased habitual use of reappraisal in statistics situations and significant EEG changes reflecting more approach-oriented coping with anxiety occurred in the statistics-anxiety training group only. No changes in statistics anxiety and statistics attitudes were observed, suggesting that the training effects, though corroborated through neurophysiological changes, did not sufficiently translate to improving students’ deep-rooted anxiety.

Limitations

Effects, though robust and following the same pattern, were observed in a small sample.

Conclusions

Our findings delineate a promising expandable approach for helping students’ cope with statistics anxiety in a healthier way.

背景和目的：统计焦虑给学生带来的负担要求采取有效的干预措施。本研究调查了旨在刺激积极重新解释产生的认知重新评估训练是否会导致焦虑测量的行为变化和大脑激活模式的变化，从而反映接近/回避动机倾向的激活（额叶脑电图α不对称反应）用统计学方法对焦虑进行了测试。两组接受了为期两周的有指导的重新评估训练，无论是统计焦虑还是一般焦虑情况；对照组未接受干预。结果：与对照组相比，两个训练组从测试前到测试后的阳性再解释数量都显著增加。仅在统计学焦虑训练组中，统计学情境中习惯性使用重新评估的次数增加，脑电图发生显著变化，反映出更倾向于以方法应对焦虑。统计焦虑和统计态度没有变化，这表明训练效果虽然通过神经生理学的变化得到了证实，但并不能充分转化为改善学生根深蒂固的焦虑。局限性：在一个小样本中观察到的效果虽然稳健且遵循相同的模式。结论：我们的研究结果为帮助学生以更健康的方式应对统计焦虑提供了一种有前景的可扩展方法。

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引用次数: 1

A brief CBT intervention for depersonalisation-derealisation disorder in psychosis: Results from a feasibility randomised controlled trial 一项简短的CBT干预精神病患者人格解体障碍:可行性随机对照试验的结果

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101911

Simone Farrelly , Emmanuelle Peters , Matilda Azis , Anthony S. David , Elaine C.M. Hunter

Background and objectives

Depersonalisation/derealisation symptoms are prevalent in psychosis patients, are associated with increased impairment, and may maintain psychosis symptoms. We aimed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of a brief, six session therapy protocol adapted from a Cognitive-Behavioural model of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder (DDD) in participants with psychotic symptoms.

Methods

A single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted with a treatment-as-usual control condition. Feasibility and acceptability estimates included rates of referral, acceptance, eligibility, consent, satisfaction and improved skills/knowledge to manage depersonalisation.

Results

Twenty-one individuals were recruited to the trial. Results suggest that the intervention was feasible and acceptable to participants and there is some signal of effect on clinical outcomes.

Limitations

There were some challenges in recruitment. Recruitment feasibility estimates from the research register used may not be informative for future trials recruiting directly from teams.

Conclusions

Overall, the results suggest that further investigations would be of interest and recommendations for this are made.

背景和目的人格解体/现实感丧失症状在精神病患者中普遍存在，与损害增加相关，并可能维持精神病症状。我们的目的是建立一个简短的、六期治疗方案的可行性和可接受性，该方案改编自一个认知-行为模型，用于患有精神病症状的去人格化-现实感障碍(DDD)的参与者。方法采用单盲、随机对照试验，对照组为常规治疗。可行性和可接受性评估包括转诊率、接受率、资格、同意率、满意度和管理人格解体的改进技能/知识。结果共招募21人参加试验。结果表明，干预是可行和可接受的，对临床结果有一定的影响。招聘方面存在一些挑战。从研究登记册中获得的招募可行性估计可能无法为直接从团队中招募的未来试验提供信息。结论本研究结果值得进一步研究，并提出了相关建议。

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引用次数: 1

Negative mood and optimism bias: An experimental investigation of sadness and belief updating 消极情绪与乐观偏见:悲伤与信念更新的实验研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101910

Aleksandr T. Karnick , Brian W. Bauer , Daniel W. Capron

Background and objectives

Understanding how individuals integrate new information to form beliefs under changing emotional conditions is crucial to describing decision-making processes. Previous research suggests that although most people demonstrate bias toward optimistic appraisals of new information when updating beliefs, individuals with dysphoric psychiatric conditions (e.g., major depression) do not demonstrate this same bias. Despite these findings, limited research has investigated the relationship between affective states and belief updating processes.

Methods

We induced neutral and sad moods in participants and had them complete a belief-updating paradigm by estimating the likelihood of negative future events happening to them, viewing the actual likelihood, and then re-estimating their perceived likelihood.

Results

We observed that individuals updated their beliefs more after receiving desirable information relative to undesirable information under neutral conditions. Further, we found that individuals did not demonstrate unrealistic optimism under negative affective conditions.

Limitations

This study incorporated a population of university students under laboratory conditions and would benefit from replication and extension in clinical populations and naturalistic settings.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that momentary fluctuations in mood affect how individuals integrate information to form beliefs.

背景和目的了解个体如何在不断变化的情绪条件下整合新信息形成信念，对于描述决策过程至关重要。先前的研究表明，尽管大多数人在更新信念时表现出对新信息的乐观评价的偏见，但患有躁郁症的人(例如，重度抑郁症)并没有表现出同样的偏见。尽管有这些发现，但关于情感状态与信念更新过程之间关系的研究有限。方法在被试中诱导中性和悲伤情绪，通过预估未来发生负面事件的可能性、观察实际可能性、再预估感知可能性来完成信念更新范式。结果我们观察到，在中性条件下，个体在收到满意信息后比收到不满意信息后更容易更新信念。此外，我们发现个体在消极情感条件下没有表现出不切实际的乐观主义。本研究纳入了实验室条件下的大学生群体，并将受益于在临床人群和自然环境中的复制和扩展。这些发现表明，情绪的短暂波动会影响个体整合信息形成信念的方式。

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引用次数: 0

Emotion dynamics of clients with test anxiety before and after an imagery-based treatment 意象治疗前后测试焦虑患者的情绪动态

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101909

Jessica Uhl , Steffen Eberhardt , Brian Schwartz , Eshkol Rafaeli , Wolfgang Lutz

Background and objectives

Imagery-based techniques have become a promising means in the treatment of test anxiety (TA). Although previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of imagery-based treatment, not all clients seem to benefit from it. The present study compares clients' pre- as well as post-treatment emotion dynamics between responders and non-responders. Furthermore, it examines treatment-related changes in emotion dynamics in both subgroups.

Methods

The results are based on 44 clients suffering from TA who underwent a six-session imagery-based treatment and include Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). Emotions were assessed with the Profile of Mood States four times a day over the course of two weeks before and after the treatment. Temporal networks were computed to index emotion dynamics.

Results

Pre-treatment emotion dynamics differed between responders and non-responders. Similarly, post-treatment emotion dynamics differed as well between both groups. Some changes were also observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment networks: for responders, fatigue no longer predicted anger, and depression predicted itself; for non-responders, calmness predicted fatigue, anger, depression, contentment, and anxiety. In addition, fatigue no longer predicted itself and anxiety predicted vigor.

Limitations

The investigation is marked by several limitations: a liberal inclusion threshold of at least a 50% response to EMA prompts, and a relatively homogenous sample.

Conclusion

These results provide first evidence for the idea that emotion dynamics may be associated with response to treatment for TA. Furthermore, effective imagery-based treatments may be tied to changes within these dynamics.

背景与目的基于图像的技术已成为治疗考试焦虑(TA)的一种很有前途的手段。虽然以前的研究已经证明了基于图像的治疗的有效性，但并不是所有的病人都能从中受益。本研究比较了有反应者和无反应者治疗前和治疗后的情绪动态。此外，它还检查了两个亚组中与治疗相关的情绪动态变化。方法:结果基于44位TA患者，他们接受了6次基于图像的治疗，包括生态瞬时评估(EMA)。在治疗前后两周的过程中，每天四次用情绪状态档案评估情绪。计算时间网络来索引情绪动态。结果反应者与非反应者治疗前情绪动态存在差异。同样，治疗后的情绪动态在两组之间也有所不同。在治疗前和治疗后的网络之间也观察到一些变化:对于反应者来说，疲劳不再预测愤怒，抑郁预测自己;对于无反应者，平静预示着疲劳、愤怒、抑郁、满足和焦虑。此外，疲劳不再预示着自己，焦虑不再预示着活力。该研究有几个局限性:对EMA提示至少有50%反应的自由纳入阈值，以及相对均匀的样本。结论这些结果为情绪动力学可能与TA治疗反应相关的观点提供了第一个证据。此外，有效的基于图像的治疗可能与这些动态的变化有关。

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引用次数: 0

A study of doubt in obsessive-compulsive disorder 强迫症患者的怀疑研究

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101753

Brenda Chiang , Christine Purdon

Background and objectives

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been referred to as the “doubting disease,” yet there has been little foundational research on its phenomenology and characteristics. Studies of doubt have relied on researchers’ idiosyncratic conceptualizations of the construct, resulting in varied assessment methods and different prevalence rates (11–75%). We examined the nature and characteristics of doubt in people with clinical and subclinical OCD so as to identify its nature and characteristics, and factors that may be unique to OCD.

Methods

A semi-structured interview about doubt was administered to people with OCD (N = 44) and with subclinical OCD (N = 21).

Results

Doubt was highly prevalent and manifested as a form of obsession, uncertainty about whether a task was done properly, and/or lack of confidence in memory and perceptions. All participants took action to resolve doubt and/or proactively pre-empt or reduce future doubt. Doubt was deeply connected to negative core beliefs about the self. The groups did not differ on their experience of doubt, except that greater symptom severity was associated with greater interference from doubt, less ability to resist it, and less success of proactive, but not reactive, strategies to manage it.

Limitations

We relied on retrospective report, and the subclinical group was relatively small.

Conclusions

In subclinical and clinical OCD, doubt is pervasive, manifests in three domains, is connected to negative core beliefs, and is highly aversive. Continued empirical study of doubt is essential to proper assessment and to development of theories and treatment of OCD.

背景与目的观察性强迫症（OCD）被称为“怀疑性疾病”，但对其现象学和特征的基础性研究却很少。怀疑研究依赖于研究人员对结构的特殊概念，导致了不同的评估方法和不同的患病率（11-15%）。我们研究了临床和亚临床强迫症患者怀疑的性质和特征，以确定其性质和特征以及可能是强迫症特有的因素。方法对强迫症患者（N=44）和亚临床OCD患者（N=21）进行了关于怀疑的半结构化访谈，不确定任务是否完成得当，和/或对记忆和感知缺乏信心。所有参与者都采取行动解决疑问和/或主动预防或减少未来的疑问。怀疑与关于自我的消极核心信念有着深刻的联系。这两组在怀疑的经历上没有差异，只是症状严重程度越高，来自怀疑的干扰越大，抵抗怀疑的能力越低，主动而非被动的策略管理怀疑的成功率越低。模拟我们依赖于回顾性报告，亚临床组相对较小。结论在亚临床和临床强迫症中，怀疑是普遍存在的，表现在三个领域，与消极的核心信念有关，并且具有高度的厌恶性。继续对怀疑进行实证研究对于正确评估、发展强迫症的理论和治疗至关重要。

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引用次数: 3