Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献_第2页

Attention bias at baseline does not moderate the effect of attention bias modification for residual depressive symptoms 基线时的注意偏倚并不能调节注意偏倚修正对残余抑郁症状的影响

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102073

Hallvard Solbø Hagen , Jan Ivar Røssberg , Catherine J. Harmer , Rune Jonassen , Nils Inge Landrø , Ragnhild Bø

Background

Clinical trials of Attention Bias Modification for depressive symptoms have consistently produced small effect sizes and mixed results. Therefore, identifying patient characteristics that can improve the efficacy has been called for. Residual depressive symptoms have been shown to increase the chance of relapse and treating this group of patients may serve to reduce the risk. In this analysis we examined whether baseline attention bias moderates the effect of Attention Bias Modification, the intended mechanism of change of the intervention.

Methods

The analysis was based on data from a randomized controlled trial with participants with a history of depression (N = 301) who were randomized to receive two daily sessions of either Attention Bias Modification or a sham treatment for 14 days. A response-based attention bias score at baseline was calculated, and a moderator analysis was run at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up measured by change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), respectively.

Results

Baseline attention bias did not moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification at post-intervention (HDRS F(1,295) = .303, p = .582, BDI II F(1,295) = 1.1567, p = .283: or at 1-month follow-up (HDRS F(1,265) = .000, p = .247, BDI II F(1,267) = .021, p = .885).

Conclusion

Even though Attention Bias Modification targets attention bias, the baseline score did not significantly moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification on any of the time points or depression measures. Consequently, baseline attentional bias does not seem to be a useful variable for identifying patients with subclinical depressive symptoms more likely to benefit from ABM.

背景：注意偏倚矫正治疗抑郁症状的临床试验一直产生较小的效应量和混合的结果。因此，识别能够提高疗效的患者特征已被要求。残留的抑郁症状已被证明会增加复发的机会，治疗这类患者可能有助于降低风险。在本分析中，我们检验了基线注意偏倚是否会调节注意偏倚修正的效果，注意偏倚修正是干预改变的预期机制。方法分析基于一项随机对照试验的数据，该试验的参与者有抑郁症病史（N = 301），他们被随机分为两组，一组每天接受两次注意偏倚矫正治疗，另一组接受为期14天的假治疗。计算基线时基于反应的注意偏倚得分，并在干预后和1个月随访时分别通过汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HDRS）和贝克抑郁量表II （BDI II）的变化进行调节分析。结果基线注意偏倚在干预后(HDRS F（1,295) = .303, p = .582, BDI II F(1,295) = 1.1567, p = .283）和1个月随访时(HDRS F（1,265) = .000, p = .247, BDI II F(1,267) = .021, p = .885）没有调节注意偏倚修正的效果。结论尽管注意偏倚修正的目标是注意偏倚，但基线得分并未显著调节注意偏倚修正对任何时间点或抑郁测量的影响。因此，基线注意偏倚似乎不是一个有用的变量，以确定亚临床抑郁症状的患者更有可能从ABM中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Semantic similarity among autobiographical memories is associated with rumination 自传体记忆的语义相似性与反刍有关

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102072

Noboru Matsumoto , Yudai Iijima , Mingming Lin , Yuki Nishiguchi , Keisuke Takano , Filip Raes

Depressive rumination is characterized by repetitive dwelling on one or more self-relevant, past-oriented topics. However, little empirical evidence links depressive rumination to the perseveration of specific themes in autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval. This study examined whether ruminators are more likely to retrieve semantically overlapping AMs across different times and locations using the experience sampling method (ESM). Participants (N = 58 Japanese-speaking university students) generated AMs in response to negative and positive cues three times daily for seven days. In total, 3063 AMs were collected and analyzed. For each participant, we computed cosine similarity to quantify semantic overlap among the reported AMs. The results indicated that individuals with higher levels of rumination exhibited greater semantic overlap among negative AMs (r = 0.33), suggesting that ruminators’ AMs tended to revolve around similar topics and themes across different cues and assessment occasions. These findings suggest that semantic overlap serves as an underlying mechanism of depressive rumination (and vice versa), wherein different cues activate a specific network that encodes similar or identical negative memory representations.

抑郁症的特点是反复思考一个或多个与自己相关的、以过去为导向的话题。然而，很少有经验证据将抑郁反刍与自传体记忆（AM）检索中特定主题的持久性联系起来。本研究采用经验抽样法（ESM）考察了反刍者是否更有可能在不同时间和地点检索到语义重叠的记忆。参与者（N = 58名说日语的大学生）在7天内每天三次对消极和积极的暗示做出反应。共收集和分析了3063个AMs。对于每个参与者，我们计算余弦相似度来量化报告的AMs之间的语义重叠。结果表明，反刍水平越高的个体在消极记忆中表现出更大的语义重叠（r = 0.33），这表明反刍者在不同线索和评估场合中倾向于围绕相似的主题和主题进行反刍。这些发现表明，语义重叠是抑郁反刍的潜在机制（反之亦然），其中不同的线索激活了一个特定的网络，该网络编码相似或相同的负面记忆表征。

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引用次数: 0

Learning asymmetry as a predictor of mood and behavior dynamics: A network analysis 学习不对称作为情绪和行为动态的预测因子：一个网络分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102071

Laurens T. Kemp , Tom Smeets , Anita Jansen , Katrijn Houben

While studying appetitive and aversive conditioning is common in psychopathology research, studies that measure both types of learning simultaneously are rare. To gain insight into the role of appetitive and aversive learning in the complex interaction of positive mood, negative mood, worry, craving, avoidance and impulsive behavior, this study used a relative measure of the strength of appetitive versus aversive learning – the learning asymmetry – as a predictor of network dynamics of mood states and behavior. 100 healthy volunteers performed an appetitive and aversive conditioning task and completed an ecological momentary assessment study, where they were surveyed six times per day for 21 days. Groups were defined based on higher sensitivity to appetitive learning (positive learning asymmetry) or aversive learning (negative learning asymmetry). The positive asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to positive mood changes, and the negative asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to negative mood changes. Contrary to our hypothesis, results show that impulsive behavior was more likely to follow negative mood, specifically anger, in the positive but not the negative asymmetry group. These results demonstrate the potential for network analysis to elucidate complex interactions between mood and behavior associated with individual differences in learning.

虽然研究食欲和厌恶条件反射在精神病理学研究中很常见，但同时测量这两种学习类型的研究很少。为了深入了解食欲和厌恶学习在积极情绪、消极情绪、担忧、渴望、回避和冲动行为的复杂相互作用中的作用，本研究使用了一种相对衡量食欲和厌恶学习强度的方法——学习不对称——作为情绪状态和行为网络动态的预测因子。100名健康志愿者完成了一项食欲和厌恶条件反射任务，并完成了一项生态瞬时评估研究，在这项研究中，他们每天接受6次调查，持续21天。根据对食欲学习（积极学习不对称）或厌恶学习（消极学习不对称）的更高敏感性来定义组。假设正不对称组对积极情绪变化更敏感，假设负不对称组对消极情绪变化更敏感。与我们的假设相反，结果表明，在积极而非消极不对称组中，冲动行为更有可能伴随着消极情绪，特别是愤怒。这些结果表明，网络分析有潜力阐明与学习个体差异相关的情绪和行为之间复杂的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Novel metaphor processing in high and low schizotypal individuals 高、低分裂型个体的新隐喻加工。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102070

Lara Fernandes , Giulia Olyff , Justine Bruxelmane , Loïc Le Nadan , Sandrine Detandt , Ariane Bazan

This study investigated whether non-clinical high-schizotypal adults exhibit pragmatic language impairments like those observed in schizophrenia patients. 664 participants completed a novel metaphor comprehension task designed to assess three types of interpretations: figurative, literal, and concrete, alongside the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Findings reveal that individuals with high SPQ scores show significant difficulties in understanding metaphors, aligning with patterns seen in schizophrenia. Errors predominantly favored literal and concrete interpretations. The study emphasizes the importance of utilizing novel metaphors to measure the ability to process figurative language, as lexicalized metaphors may only reflect associative thinking rather than true comprehension.

本研究调查了非临床高分裂型成人是否表现出与精神分裂症患者相似的语用性语言障碍。664名参与者完成了一项新的隐喻理解任务，该任务旨在评估三种类型的解释：比喻、字面和具体，以及分裂型人格问卷（SPQ）。研究结果显示，SPQ得分高的个体在理解隐喻方面表现出明显的困难，这与精神分裂症的模式一致。错误主要倾向于字面和具体的解释。本研究强调利用新颖的隐喻来衡量处理比喻语言的能力的重要性，因为词汇化的隐喻可能只反映联想思维，而不是真正的理解。

引用次数: 0

Exploring the links between dissociative experiences, schemas, modes, and coping 探索解离体验、图式、模式和应对之间的联系

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102069

Robin.P.A. van der Linde , Nathan. Bachrach , Paul. Lodder , Marleen. Rijkeboer , Rafaële.J.C. Huntjens

This study explored the relationships between dissociative experiences, childhood trauma, maladaptive schemas, schema modes, and schema coping in a nonclinical sample. Three theoretical models were tested: (1) dissociative experiences resulting from schema mode activation, (2) dissociative experiences as an innate trait shaping schema coping, and (3) dissociative experiences arising from childhood trauma that influence coping strategies. Data from 401 Dutch psychology students were analyzed using path analyses to compare model fit. While all models showed good fit, Model 2 emerged as the best based on AIC and BIC values. This model linked dissociative experiences to avoidance and surrender coping styles and specific schema modes, such as the punitive parent and detached self-soother. Findings suggest dissociative experiences shape responses to schema-related stress through disengagement or immersion. Future research in clinical populations is recommended to further explore these dynamics and their therapeutic relevance.

本研究在非临床样本中探讨了分离经历、童年创伤、适应不良图式、图式模式和图式应对之间的关系。本研究检验了三种理论模型：(1)图式模式激活导致的解离体验，(2)作为塑造图式应对的先天特质的解离体验，以及(3)童年创伤引起的解离体验对应对策略的影响。研究人员对401名荷兰心理学专业学生的数据进行了路径分析，以比较模型的拟合程度。所有模型均表现出较好的拟合效果，其中AIC和BIC值的拟合效果最好的是模型2。该模型将分离体验与回避和投降应对方式以及特定的图式模式联系起来，如惩罚性父母和超然自我安抚。研究结果表明，解离体验通过脱离或沉浸来塑造对图式相关压力的反应。未来在临床人群中的研究建议进一步探索这些动态及其治疗相关性。

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引用次数: 0

On the multi-causal nature of jumping to conclusions in psychosis 论精神病患者妄下结论的多因性

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102057

Steffen Moritz , Lara Wille , Anja S. Göritz , Tana Gabbert , Rose Doherty , Ryan Balzan , Jakob Scheunemann

Background and objectives

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the most widely researched cognitive bias in schizophrenia. Notwithstanding meta-analyses demonstrating a higher level of JTC across the psychosis spectrum, important research questions remain unanswered. First, whether JTC is a primary process or in part an epiphenomenon reflecting contributions of other variables is still unresolved, which may explain why interventions targeting cognitive biases are effective on positive symptoms but less so on reducing JTC. Secondly, the beads task, the traditional procedure to capture JTC, is a complex procedure prone to misunderstanding and vulnerable to inattentive and careless responding. In this study, we tested a video assessment of the beads task aiming to reduce errors due to misunderstanding and to gain more insight into the processes contributing to JTC.

Methods

A sample of 801 participants from the general population was divided into various levels of paranoid ideation, based on cut-off criteria. The newly developed video JTC task, which is available at no cost at https://clinical-neuropsychology.de/jtc/, was presented online, as were the Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and other psychological scales that served to separate individuals scoring high versus low on paranoia.

Results

As hypothesized, participants scoring high on both the ideas of social reference and persecution subscales of the R-GPTS showed more JTC than those with lower scores. Yet, a large number of participants (24 %) made illogical responses or showed signs of careless performance. Important contributors to JTC were lack of motivation, skipping some of the instructions, and speeding through the trials. Yet, significant differences remained when these influences were accounted for with matched samples.

Conclusions

While the newly developed video task was able to confirm elevated JTC in individuals scoring higher on paranoid ideation, core problems seen in prior versions of the beads task remain. Researchers are advised to develop alternative tests, preferably ones that allow repeated measurement. Our results indicate that JTC is a multi-causal bias that is unlikely to be explained by a single cognitive or psychopathological process.

背景与目的跳跃性结论（JTC）是精神分裂症中研究最广泛的认知偏差。尽管荟萃分析表明，在精神病谱系中，JTC的水平更高，但重要的研究问题仍未得到解答。首先，JTC是主要过程还是部分反映其他变量贡献的副现象仍未解决，这可能解释了为什么针对认知偏见的干预措施对阳性症状有效，但对减少JTC效果较差。其次，传统的捕获JTC的程序——珠子任务是一个复杂的程序，容易产生误解，容易出现反应不专心和粗心的情况。在这项研究中，我们测试了一个珠子任务的视频评估，旨在减少由于误解而导致的错误，并对导致JTC的过程有更多的了解。方法从普通人群中抽取801名受试者，根据截止标准将其分为不同程度的偏执观念。新开发的视频JTC任务（可在https://clinical-neuropsychology.de/jtc/免费获得）与修订后的Green等人一起在网上展示。偏执思维量表（R-GPTS）和其他心理量表用来区分偏执得分高低的个体。结果与假设一致，在R-GPTS的社会参照和迫害分量表中得分较高的参与者比得分较低的参与者表现出更多的JTC。然而，大量参与者（24%）做出了不合逻辑的回答或表现出粗心大意的迹象。JTC的重要贡献者是缺乏动力，跳过一些说明，以及通过试验的速度过快。然而，当这些影响与匹配样本相匹配时，显著差异仍然存在。结论：虽然新开发的视频任务能够证实在偏执意念得分较高的个体中JTC升高，但在先前版本的珠子任务中看到的核心问题仍然存在。建议研究人员开发替代测试，最好是允许重复测量的测试。我们的研究结果表明，JTC是一种多原因的偏倚，不太可能由单一的认知或精神病理过程来解释。

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引用次数: 0

Can a virtual reality exposure therapy app improve symptoms of Emetophobia? A single-subject Experimental design study 虚拟现实暴露治疗应用程序能改善呕吐恐惧症的症状吗？单受试者实验设计研究

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102056

Rory Wallace , Cameron Lacey , Rebecca J. Sargisson

Emetophobia (fear of vomiting) is an understudied disorder that affects .2 % of people, with extreme (non-phobic) fear affecting up to 8 % of people. The most effective treatment for specific phobias is exposure therapy, and virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), has become a viable treatment alternative to traditional in-vivo or imaginal exposure therapy. However, using VRET to treat emetophobia has not yet been explored. We used a within-subjects, multiple-baseline-across-participants design with six participants to evaluate the emetophobia programme of oVRcome; a low-cost, Aotearoa New Zealand-based VRET app. After using the oVRcome VRET app, we saw visible improvements in self-reported phobia symptoms for four of the six participants (P2, P4, P5, and P6). For half the participants (P4, P5, and P6), the reported decreases were large, with two participants scoring below the threshold for a likely phobia diagnosis. The emetophobia programme of the oVRcome VRET app may be effective at reducing emetophobia severity, and our results support research showing eHealth apps can be a low-cost and effective treatment for a range of psychological issues.

呕吐恐惧症（害怕呕吐）是一种未被充分研究的疾病，它会影响。2%的人，极端（非恐惧症）恐惧影响了多达8%的人。对特定恐惧症最有效的治疗方法是暴露疗法，而虚拟现实暴露疗法（VRET）已经成为传统体内或想象暴露疗法的可行治疗选择。然而，使用VRET治疗呕吐恐惧症尚未被探索。我们采用受试者内、多基线、跨参与者设计，共6名参与者来评估overcome的呕吐恐惧症项目；在使用overrcome VRET应用程序后，我们发现六名参与者中有四名（P2, P4， P5和P6）自我报告的恐惧症症状有了明显的改善。对于一半的参与者（P4， P5和P6），报告的下降幅度很大，其中两名参与者的得分低于可能的恐惧症诊断阈值。overrcome VRET应用程序的反吐程序可能有效降低反吐的严重程度，我们的研究结果支持了电子健康应用程序可以是一系列心理问题的低成本和有效治疗方法的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Arousal grows up, arousal goes down. Emotion regulation, trait anxiety, rumination and worry as predictors of recovery time after mental imagery 兴奋度上升，兴奋度下降。情绪调节、特质焦虑、反刍和担忧作为心理意象后恢复时间的预测因子

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102059

Rosita Borlimi , Irene Brianzoni , Greta Riboli , Mattia Nese , Gianni Brighetti , Giancarlo Dimaggio

Background

One key ingredient for guided imagery interventions’ effectiveness is their capacity to increase emotional arousal. However, individual responses vary, as some people can have negative experiences that undermine treatment adherence or effectiveness. Research is needed to understand predictors of negative reactions to experiencing negative events during imagery. One idea suggests that some individuals struggle to return to baseline, making the experience unpleasant or distressing. Which predictors contribute to slower recovery after imagery of negative events?

Aims and hypothesis

We tested the following hypotheses in a non-clinical sample: (H1) participants experienced an increase in physiological arousal upon recalling an unpleasant autobiographical event, (H2) participants returned spontaneously to baseline physiological levels during the recovery period, but (H3) emotion dysregulation, depression and trait anxiety predicted recovery arousal, and (H4) repetitive thinking (rumination and worry) was also associated with recovery arousal.

Methods

Participants completed questionnaires assessing repetitive thinking (rumination and worry), trait anxiety, depression, and emotion dysregulation. Arousal was measured through continuous recording of Skin Conductance Response (SCR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV).

Results

After the predicted arousal increase following imagery, participants returned to baseline. There were individual differences in average physiological return to baseline as measured by SCR, but not HRV. Emotion regulation, trait anxiety, rumination and worry significantly predicted physiological recovery.

Conclusions

Individuals with severe tendencies towards repetitive thinking and, to a lesser extent, with higher trait anxiety and emotion dysregulation may require preliminary work before undergoing imagery aimed at working through distressing memories.

引导意象干预有效的一个关键因素是它们增加情绪唤起的能力。然而，个体的反应各不相同，因为有些人可能有负面的经历，破坏了治疗的依从性或有效性。需要研究来了解在想象过程中经历负面事件的负面反应的预测因素。一种观点认为，有些人很难回到基线，这让他们的经历变得不愉快或痛苦。哪些预测因素有助于负面事件想象后较慢的恢复？目的和假设我们在非临床样本中测试了以下假设：（H1）参与者在回忆不愉快的自传体事件时经历了生理唤醒的增加，（H2）参与者在恢复期间自发地恢复到基线生理水平，但（H3）情绪失调、抑郁和特质焦虑预测了恢复唤醒，（H4）重复思考（反刍和担忧）也与恢复唤醒有关。方法参与者完成重复性思维（反刍和担忧）、特质焦虑、抑郁和情绪失调的问卷调查。唤醒通过连续记录皮肤电导反应（SCR）和心率变异性（HRV）来测量。结果在想象后预期的觉醒增加后，参与者回到基线。SCR测量的平均生理恢复基线存在个体差异，但HRV没有。情绪调节、特质焦虑、反刍和担忧显著预测生理恢复。结论：具有严重重复思维倾向的个体，以及在较小程度上具有较高的特质焦虑和情绪失调的个体，可能需要在进行旨在通过痛苦记忆进行图像处理之前进行初步工作。

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引用次数: 0

“I'm always curious”: Tracking young adults exposure and responses to social media trigger warnings in daily life “我总是很好奇”：追踪年轻人在日常生活中对社交媒体的接触和反应

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102040

Victoria M.E. Bridgland , Ella K. Moeck , Melanie K.T. Takarangi

Trigger warnings are alerts that intend to help people emotionally prepare for, or avoid, potentially distressing material likely to trigger memories or emotions related to past experiences. Lab studies suggest that warnings overwhelmingly result in approach behaviour rather than avoidance. However, no research to date has tracked exposure and responses to trigger warnings in daily life. Here 261 young adults (aged 17–25) completed a 7-day daily diary study in which they tracked exposure to trigger warnings on social media and reported if they approached or avoided the content marked by the warnings. Because trigger warnings are intended for use by certain groups of vulnerable people (e.g., trauma survivors/people with mental health concerns), we also measured various psychopathological characteristics (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms, trauma exposure, etc.). Consistent with lab-based studies, we found that most people (∼90 %) reported approaching content marked by a trigger warning, and most commonly did so out of “curiosity”. Moreover, only ∼10 % of participants reported always avoiding content marked by a trigger warning when they saw it—signalling a tendency to approach warned material in the real world. We also found no relationship between self-reported avoidance of content marked with trigger warnings that was encountered in daily life and any mental health risk marker (e.g., PTSD symptoms, trauma exposure). Our findings therefore further question claims that trigger warnings are an effective online mental health intervention.

触发警告是一种旨在帮助人们在情感上做好准备或避免可能引发与过去经历相关的记忆或情绪的潜在痛苦材料的警报。实验室研究表明，警告压倒性地导致了接近行为，而不是回避。然而，迄今为止还没有研究追踪日常生活中对触发警告的暴露和反应。在这里，261名年轻人（17-25岁）完成了一项为期7天的每日日记研究，在这项研究中，他们追踪了社交媒体上触发警告的暴露情况，并报告了他们是否接近或避免了带有警告标志的内容。由于触发警告是针对某些弱势群体（例如，创伤幸存者/有精神健康问题的人）使用的，因此我们还测量了各种精神病理特征（创伤后应激障碍[PTSD]症状，创伤暴露等）。与基于实验室的研究一致，我们发现大多数人（约90%）报告接近标有触发警告的内容，大多数人这样做是出于“好奇”。此外，只有约10%的参与者报告说，当他们看到带有触发警告的内容时，总是回避它——这表明他们倾向于接近现实世界中的警告材料。我们还发现，在日常生活中遇到的自我报告回避带有触发警告的内容与任何心理健康风险标记（例如，PTSD症状，创伤暴露）之间没有关系。因此，我们的研究结果进一步质疑了触发警告是一种有效的在线心理健康干预措施的说法。

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引用次数: 0

Using an ecologically generalizable virtual reality (VR) paradigm for studying state dissociation and etiological models of clinically-significant dissociation 使用生态可推广的虚拟现实（VR）范式研究状态分离和临床显著分离的病因学模型

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102051

Charlie W. McDonald, Richard E. Mattson, Fiona G. Sleight, Steven J. Lynn, Christina Balderrama-Durbin, Meredith E. Coles

Few studies have directly compared variables implicated in the etiology of dissociation within an experimental paradigm. Virtual reality (VR) has recently received empirical support as a vehicle for experimentally manipulating state dissociation to test these etiological models. We conducted a study to induce state dissociation to examine key variables in the etiology of dissociation (e.g., trauma experiences). First, participants completed demographic information and baseline measures of state and trait dissociation, positive and negative affect, and a set of theoretically important variables within the transdiagnostic and transtheoretical model (TTM; e.g., emotional dysregulation). Next, they were randomized to a VR or personal computer (PC) condition, in which they navigated a virtual cityscape for 15 minutes, followed by another set of questionnaires to capture change in state dissociation and positive and negative affect. We evaluated (a) residualized change scores for state dissociation and positive and negative affect; and (b) explored associations between variables in the TTM and these outcomes. Findings revealed that (a) VR did significantly increase state dissociation when controlling for trait dissociation; (b) positive but not negative affect increased in the VR condition from pre-to post-induction; and (c) variables in the TTM were correlated with pre- and post-induction scores of state dissociation, but these associations were not stronger in the VR condition compared to the PC condition. Combined, these findings suggest that VR is an effective laboratory paradigm for increasing state dissociation and positive affect. Furthermore, several proposed etiological variables in the TTM do relate to and explain state dissociation as hypothesized.

很少有研究在实验范式中直接比较与分离病因学有关的变量。虚拟现实（VR）最近得到了实证支持，作为实验操纵状态分离的工具来测试这些病因模型。我们进行了一项诱导状态分离的研究，以检查分离病因的关键变量（例如，创伤经历）。首先，参与者完成了人口统计信息和状态和特质分离、积极和消极影响的基线测量，以及一组在跨诊断和跨理论模型（TTM，如情绪失调）中理论上重要的变量。接下来，他们被随机分配到虚拟现实或个人电脑（PC）环境中，在虚拟城市景观中穿行15分钟，然后进行另一组问卷调查，以捕捉状态分离和积极和消极影响的变化。我们评估了(a)状态分离、积极和消极影响的残差变化分数；(b)探讨了TTM变量与这些结果之间的关系。结果表明：(a)在控制特质解离的情况下，VR显著增加了状态解离；(b)从诱导前到诱导后，VR条件下的积极而非消极情绪有所增加；(c) TTM中的变量与诱导前和诱导后的状态解离得分相关，但与PC条件相比，VR条件下的这些关联并不强。综上所述，这些发现表明VR是一种有效的实验室范式，可以增加状态分离和积极影响。此外，在TTM中提出的几个病因变量确实与假设的状态解离有关并解释了状态解离。

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