Work and Stress最新文献

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Flexible work arrangements and employee health: A meta-analytic review 弹性工作安排与员工健康：元分析综述

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1936287

Nicole V Shifrin, Jesse S. Michel

ABSTRACT Flexibility regarding where and when work is completed is becoming increasingly available to employees, especially following the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent shift in the nature of work. There is a plethora of research linking various flexible work arrangements (FWA) to a variety of positive outcomes across domains including reduced work–family conflict, better psychological health, and increased role satisfaction. While several studies have suggested that FWA are related to positive health, others have found no relationship between flexible work arrangements and health outcomes. To clarify these inconsistent findings, the current meta-analytic review (k = 33, n = 90,602) examines the relationship between flexible work arrangements available to employees and health behaviours and outcomes, specifically physical health, absenteeism, somatic symptoms, and physical activity. Results demonstrate that FWA are associated with better physical health, reduced absenteeism, and fewer somatic symptoms, suggesting that flexible work arrangements can facilitate employees in maintaining their health. There was no association between FWA and physical activity, though these results should be interpreted cautiously given the limited number of primary studies examining this relationship. These findings hold implications for future research and practice, including support for offering individualised flexible work arrangements as means of promoting employee health.

在完成工作的地点和时间方面，员工的灵活性越来越高，尤其是在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)爆发和随后工作性质的转变之后。有大量的研究将各种灵活的工作安排(FWA)与各个领域的各种积极成果联系起来，包括减少工作与家庭冲突、改善心理健康和提高角色满意度。虽然有几项研究表明，弹性工作制与积极健康有关，但其他研究发现，灵活的工作安排与健康结果之间没有关系。为了澄清这些不一致的发现，当前的荟萃分析综述(k = 33, n = 90,602)检查了员工可获得的灵活工作安排与健康行为和结果之间的关系，特别是身体健康、缺勤、躯体症状和身体活动。结果表明，弹性工作制与更好的身体健康、更少的缺勤和更少的身体症状有关，这表明灵活的工作安排可以促进员工保持健康。FWA和身体活动之间没有关联，尽管考虑到检验这种关系的初步研究数量有限，这些结果应该谨慎解释。这些发现对未来的研究和实践具有启示意义，包括支持提供个性化的灵活工作安排作为促进员工健康的手段。

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引用次数: 64

Cognitive function in clinical burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis 临床倦怠中的认知功能：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.2002972

H. M. Gavelin, M. Domellöf, Elisabeth Åström, A. Nelson, Nathalie H. Launder, A. Stigsdotter-Neely, A. Lampit

ABSTRACT Clinical burnout has been associated with impaired cognitive functioning; however, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the pattern and magnitude of cognitive deficits. The aim of this systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis was to assess cognitive function in clinical burnout as compared to healthy controls and identify the pattern and severity of cognitive dysfunction across cognitive domains. We identified 17 studies encompassing 730 patients with clinical burnout and 649 healthy controls. Clinical burnout was associated with impaired performance in episodic memory (g = −0.36, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.15), short-term and working memory (g = −0.36, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.20), executive function (g = −0.39, 95% CI −0.55 to −0.23), attention and processing speed (g = −0.43, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.29) and fluency (g = −0.53, 95% CI −1.04 to −0.03). There were no differences between patients and controls in crystallized (k = 6 studies) and visuospatial abilities (k = 4). Our findings suggest that clinical burnout is associated with cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains. Cognitive dysfunction needs to be considered in the clinical and occupational health management of burnout to optimise rehabilitation and support return-to-work.

临床倦怠与认知功能受损有关;然而，关于认知缺陷的模式和程度的研究结果并不一致。本系统综述和多变量荟萃分析的目的是评估临床倦怠患者的认知功能，并与健康对照组进行比较，确定认知功能障碍的模式和严重程度。我们确定了17项研究，包括730名临床倦怠患者和649名健康对照。临床倦怠与情节记忆(g = - 0.36, 95% CI为- 0.57至- 0.15)、短期记忆和工作记忆(g = - 0.36, 95% CI为- 0.52至- 0.20)、执行功能(g = - 0.39, 95% CI为- 0.55至- 0.23)、注意力和处理速度(g = - 0.43, 95% CI为- 0.57至- 0.29)和流畅性(g = - 0.53, 95% CI为- 1.04至- 0.03)的表现受损有关。在结晶(k = 6项研究)和视觉空间能力(k = 4项研究)方面，患者与对照组之间没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，临床倦怠与多个认知领域的认知障碍有关。认知功能障碍需要考虑到临床和职业健康管理的倦怠，以优化康复和支持重返工作岗位。

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引用次数: 11

Will the real mistreatment please stand up? Examining the assumptions and measurement of bullying and incivility 真正的虐待能站起来吗?检查欺凌和不文明行为的假设和衡量标准

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1891584

A. Nixon, Maryana L. Arvan, Paul E. Spector

ABSTRACT Using two diverse cross-sectional samples (n = 361, 579), the authors investigated measurement impediments in current behavioural methods of operationalising workplace mistreatment by examining perceived intensity and intention attributions. Results indicated that bullying and incivility, assessed using common measures and analytical techniques, have moderate negative effects on employees that are not significantly different in effect size from one another, which is consistent with prior research. Using a separate measure of workplace aggression, participants were categorised using latent class clustering into groups reporting: 1. no mistreatment over the prior month (representing no mistreatment), 2. low intensity and low intentional mistreatment (representing incivility), and 3. high intensity and high intentional mistreatment (representing bullying). One-way ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc tests indicated that those who experience bullying consistently reported more strain than the other two groups across both samples. Those reporting incivility reported significantly different turnover intentions from the other groups, but did not differ with regard to affective commitment and psychological strain. These results highlight the need for more attention to be paid to construct validity and advanced analytic techniques in mistreatment research, particularly with regard to incivility. Implications for the measurement of mistreatment constructs are discussed.

摘要使用两个不同的横截面样本（n = 361579），作者通过检查感知强度和意图归因，调查了当前实施工作场所虐待的行为方法中的测量障碍。结果表明，使用常用的测量方法和分析技术评估的欺凌和不文明行为对员工有中度负面影响，其影响大小没有显著差异，这与先前的研究一致。使用一种单独的工作场所攻击性测量方法，将参与者通过潜在类别聚类分为报告组：1。上个月没有虐待（表示没有虐待），2。低强度和低故意虐待（代表不文明）。高强度和高故意虐待（代表欺凌）。Tukey事后检验的单向方差分析表明，在两个样本中，经历欺凌的人始终比其他两组报告的压力更大。那些报告不文明行为的人报告的离职意图与其他群体有显著不同，但在情感承诺和心理压力方面没有差异。这些结果突出表明，在虐待研究中，特别是在不文明方面，需要更多地关注结构有效性和先进的分析技术。讨论了虐待结构测量的意义。

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引用次数: 7

Does occupational self-efficacy mediate the relationships between job insecurity and work-related learning? A latent growth modelling approach 职业自我效能是否在工作不安全感与工作相关学习之间起中介作用?潜在增长建模方法

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1891585

A. Van Hootegem, Magnus Sverke, H. De Witte

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether job insecurity is related to employee learning (i.e. the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies/characteristics; KSAOs) and whether occupational self-efficacy functions as a mediating mechanism in this relationship. We used three-wave longitudinal data, with a time lag of six months, collected among Flemish employees (N = 1708), and employed a latent growth curve modelling approach. The results provide support for a dynamic relationship between job insecurity and employee learning. More specifically, changes in employees’ levels (i.e. the slope) of job insecurity were related to changes in occupational self-efficacy. Changes in self-efficacy, in turn, were related to changes in levels of newly acquired KSAOs, in such a way that occupational self-efficacy operated as a mediator between job insecurity and newly acquired KSAOs. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between job insecurity and work-related learning, and to the general understanding of the mechanisms linking job insecurity to outcomes.

摘要本研究旨在探讨工作不安全感是否与员工学习有关(即知识、技能和胜任力/特征的获取;职业自我效能是否在这一关系中起中介作用。我们使用了从佛兰德员工(N = 1708)中收集的三波纵向数据，其滞后时间为6个月，并采用了潜在增长曲线建模方法。研究结果支持了工作不安全感与员工学习之间的动态关系。更具体地说，员工的工作不安全感水平(即斜率)的变化与职业自我效能感的变化有关。自我效能感的变化反过来又与新获得的KSAOs水平的变化有关，因此，职业自我效能感在工作不安全感和新获得的KSAOs之间起中介作用。这些结果有助于理解工作不安全感与工作相关学习之间的关系，并有助于理解工作不安全感与工作相关学习结果之间的联系机制。

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引用次数: 15

Investigating the joint effects of overload and underload on chronic fatigue and wellbeing 研究超载和负荷不足对慢性疲劳和健康的共同影响

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1888822

Belinda Cham, D. Andrei, M. Griffin, M. Grech, A. Neal

ABSTRACT Workers in safety critical and 24-hour operating environments face sustained exposure to many stressful situations, ranging from long periods of monotony and boredom, to sudden periods of intense time pressure. This study examines how the combination of overload and underload contributes to fatigue and wellbeing in 943 seafarers. Using latent moderated structural equation modelling, we found that underload showed a stronger association with chronic fatigue and impaired wellbeing, compared to overload. An interaction between overload and underload was also significantly related to psychological wellbeing, with increasing levels of overload weakening the negative relationship between underload and psychological wellbeing. Our research highlights that underload, despite previously not receiving much attention, is an important area of concern. Our findings also underscore the importance of unpacking the joint effects of concurrent job demands, and to consider how certain job demands may help to reduce the negative effects caused by other demands. Where current and future jobs may be subject to a reduction in demands (e.g. automation), it is important to consider how underload may impact worker fatigue and wellbeing.

摘要：处于安全关键和24小时作业环境中的工人面临着许多压力，从长时间的单调乏味到突然的巨大时间压力。本研究调查了943名海员的过载和欠载组合如何导致疲劳和健康。使用潜在的调节结构方程模型，我们发现与超负荷相比，低负荷与慢性疲劳和健康受损的关系更强。超负荷和低负荷之间的相互作用也与心理健康显著相关，超负荷水平的增加削弱了低负荷和心理健康之间的负面关系。我们的研究强调，尽管之前没有受到太多关注，但欠载是一个重要的关注领域。我们的研究结果还强调了解开并发工作需求的共同影响的重要性，并考虑某些工作需求如何有助于减少其他需求造成的负面影响。当当前和未来的工作可能会受到需求减少的影响（例如自动化）时，重要的是要考虑负荷不足会如何影响工人的疲劳和健康。

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引用次数: 10

How to sleep well in times of high job demands: The supportive role of detachment and perceived social support 如何在工作需求高的时候睡好觉：超然和感知社会支持的支持作用

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1889071

Eva Matick, Maria U. Kottwitz, G. Lemmer, Kathleen Otto

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine whether employees who perceive there to be social support from supervisors and colleagues would be better able to detach from work during non-work time and thus sleep better in times of high job demands. Considering contextual factors, such as type of employment (full- and part-time) and supervisor status (with and without), which could influence the associations between work, non-work, and sleep, we also explored these relationships within subgroups of employees. A total of 1856 employees participated in a two-wave-panel study representative of the German adult population. Controlling for the baseline level of sleep quality, regression analyses revealed that job demands predicted changes in sleep quality over a 6-month period and that detachment fully mediated this effect. Furthermore, perceived social support buffered the indirect effect of job demands on sleep quality via detachment. In summary, the results suggest that the interplay of job demands, detachment, and perceived social support is important in promoting sleep quality. Type of employment and supervisor status seem to be factors shaping the above-mentioned effects and should, therefore, be considered in future research.

摘要本研究旨在探讨那些感受到来自上司和同事的社会支持的员工，是否能在非工作时间更好地脱离工作，从而在高工作要求时睡得更好。考虑到环境因素，如就业类型(全职和兼职)和主管地位(有和没有)，这些因素可能会影响工作、非工作和睡眠之间的关联，我们还在员工子组中探索了这些关系。共有1856名员工参加了一项代表德国成年人口的两波小组研究。在控制了睡眠质量的基线水平后，回归分析显示，工作需求预测了6个月期间睡眠质量的变化，而疏离完全介导了这种影响。此外，感知到的社会支持通过超然缓冲了工作需求对睡眠质量的间接影响。综上所述，研究结果表明，工作需求、疏离和感知到的社会支持的相互作用对提高睡眠质量很重要。雇佣类型和主管身份似乎是影响上述影响的因素，因此在未来的研究中应该考虑。

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引用次数: 6

Is it me or us? The impact of individual and collective participation on work engagement and burnout in a cluster-randomized organisational intervention 是我还是我们？集群随机组织干预中个体和集体参与对工作投入和倦怠的影响

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1889072

K. Nielsen, Mirko Antino, A. Rodríguez-Muñoz, A. Sanz‐Vergel

ABSTRACT Participation is generally recommended when implementing organisational interventions, however, understanding how participation works remains understudied. In a cluster-randomised, controlled intervention employing a wait-list control design, we explore whether perceptions of individual or collective participation had the greatest impact on a participatory organisational intervention’s outcomes; work engagement and burnout. We conducted the study in the Danish postal service (N = 330). Using multi-level analyses, we found that perceptions of individual participation predicted improvements in work engagement and reductions in burnout post-intervention, however, these relationships became non-significant after including perceptions of being part of a collective participatory process in the model. Our findings add to the understanding of the role participation and in particular, perceptions of a collective participatory intervention process, plays in ensuring interventions achieve their intended outcomes.

摘要：在实施组织干预措施时，通常建议参与，但对参与如何运作的理解仍有待深入研究。在一项采用等待名单对照设计的集群随机对照干预中，我们探讨了个人或集体参与的认知是否对参与性组织干预的结果影响最大；工作投入和倦怠。我们在丹麦邮政部门（N = 330）。使用多层次分析，我们发现，对个人参与的感知可以预测干预后工作参与度的提高和倦怠感的减少，然而，在将参与集体参与过程的感知纳入模型后，这些关系变得不显著。我们的研究结果有助于理解参与，特别是对集体参与干预过程的看法，在确保干预达到预期结果方面发挥的作用。

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引用次数: 8

Strategies addressing the limitations of cross-sectional designs in occupational health psychology: What they are good for (and what not) 解决职业健康心理学中横截面设计局限性的策略:它们的优点(和缺点)

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1888561

T. Taris, Stacey R. Kessler, E. Kelloway

引用次数: 31

Caregiver Burden, Work-Family Conflict, Family-Work Conflict, and Mental Health of Caregivers: A Mediational Longitudinal Study. 照顾者负担、工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突与照顾者心理健康:一项纵向研究。

IF 6.1 2区心理学 Q1 Psychology

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2020.1832609

Alper Kayaalp, Kyle J Page, Kathleen M Rospenda

Caregivers are responsible for the care of another, such as a young adult, disabled child, elderly parent, or sick spouse. Individuals who have caregiving responsibilities must blend the often-contradictory behavioral expectations from the different roles in which they reside. Building on the theoretical foundations of Conservation of Resources theory, this study tests a mediational model explicating the process through which caregiver burden impacts mental health through work-family conflict among a community sample of 1,007 unpaid caregivers in the greater Chicago area who responded to a mail survey at three time points. Structural equation modeling analyses indicate strain-based conflict as being a consistent mediator between caregiver burden and mental health at baseline and two years later. These findings can inform practice and policy for workers with caregiving responsibilities.

照顾者负责照顾他人，如年轻人、残疾儿童、年迈的父母或生病的配偶。承担照顾责任的个人必须将来自他们所处的不同角色的经常相互矛盾的行为期望融合在一起。基于资源保护理论的理论基础，本研究以大芝加哥地区1007名无薪照顾者为样本，通过三个时间点的邮件调查，检验了照顾者负担通过工作-家庭冲突影响心理健康的中介模型。结构方程模型分析表明，基于应变的冲突是基线和两年后照顾者负担与心理健康之间一致的中介。这些发现可以为承担照顾责任的工作者的实践和政策提供信息。

引用次数: 37

Not Just Work-to-Family Conflict, But How you React to It Matters for Physical and Mental Health. 不仅仅是工作与家庭之间的冲突，如何应对也关系到身心健康。

IF 5.6 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

Work and Stress

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.1888821

Katie M Lawson, Soomi Lee, Danka Maric

Individuals with higher work-to-family conflict (WTFC) in general are more likely to report poorer physical and mental health. Less research, however, has examined the daily implications of WTFC, such as whether individuals' reactions to minor WTFC day-to-day (e.g., missing family dinner due to work obligation) are associated with health outcomes. We examined whether affective reactivity to daily WTFC was associated with poorer sleep, health behaviors, and mental health in a sample who may be particularly vulnerable to daily WTFC. Employed parents in the IT industry with adolescent-aged children (N = 118, M _age = 45.01, 44.07 % female) reported daily WTFC and negative affect on 8 consecutive days, in addition to completing a survey that assessed sleep, health behaviors (smoking, drinking, exercise, fast food consumption), and psychological distress. Multilevel modeling outputted individual reactivity slopes by regressing daily negative affect on the day's WTFC. Results of general linear models indicated that affective reactivity to WTFC was associated with poorer sleep quality and higher levels of psychological distress - even when controlling for average daily negative affect on non-WTFC days. Individual differences in reactivity to daily WTFC have implications for health. Interventions aimed to reduce daily WTFC and reactivity to it are needed.

一般来说，工作与家庭冲突（WTFC）较高的人更有可能报告身心健康状况较差。然而，对 WTFC 日常影响的研究较少，例如个人对日常轻微 WTFC 的反应（如因工作义务而错过家庭晚餐）是否与健康结果相关。我们在一个可能特别容易受到日常 WTFC 影响的样本中，研究了对日常 WTFC 的情绪反应是否与较差的睡眠、健康行为和心理健康有关。在 IT 行业工作并有青春期子女的父母（人数 = 118，平均年龄 = 45.01，44.07% 为女性）报告了连续 8 天的每日 WTFC 和负面情绪，此外还完成了一项评估睡眠、健康行为（吸烟、饮酒、运动、快餐消费）和心理困扰的调查。通过对当天的 WTFC 进行回归，多层次模型得出了个人反应性斜率。一般线性模型的结果表明，对 WTFC 的情绪反应与较差的睡眠质量和较高的心理压力有关，即使控制了非 WTFC 日的日平均消极情绪也是如此。对每日 WTFC 反应的个体差异对健康有影响。需要采取干预措施来减少每天的WTFC和对WTFC的反应。

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引用次数: 0

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