Disability & Society最新文献

英文中文

Women’s experiences of special observations on locked wards 女性在封闭病房的特殊观察经历

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2034112

R. Fish

Abstract This article discusses ‘special observation’, a practice used in inpatient units and in mental health and learning disability services. I present some perspectives on this practice from women detained on locked wards, and staff members. Despite the many valid criticisms, I show that constant observations can be used as a way to harness engagement and to improve relationships between staff and residents.

摘要本文讨论了“特殊观察”，在住院单位和精神卫生和学习障碍服务的做法。我从被关押在封闭病房的妇女和工作人员的角度提出一些关于这种做法的观点。尽管有许多有效的批评，但我表明，持续的观察可以作为一种利用参与和改善员工与住院医生之间关系的方式。

引用次数: 1

Policies as barriers for disabled medical learners: exploratory study of learners’ perspectives 政策作为残疾医学学习者的障碍:学习者视角的探索性研究

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2041403

T. Jarus, Pamela Liao, A. Battalova, Julia Tikhonova, Samarpita Das, Vera Krejcik, Y. Mayer

Abstract Disabled medical learners have unique accommodation needs, given their diverse and changing learning environments and direct contact with patient-care. However, there are very limited policies and resources available in Canada to inform medical learners and educators about what accommodations are available to them, and little is known about the usefulness of existing policies. This study explored the perspectives of disabled medical learners on existing policies in medical schools. We conducted interviews with eight disabled medical learners, focusing on their experiences with their institutions’ disability-related policies. Interviews were thematically analyzed. The analysis demonstrated that there are gaps in services for medical learners. Participants did not feel that pre-existing policies were helpful in addressing the existing barriers. In addition, participants felt that the responsibility for navigating the system falls primarily on them. This study addresses some needed changes to create more inclusive environments in medical education. Points of interest Disabled medical learners have unique accommodation needs. In Canada there are limited policies and resources available to inform medical learners and educators about what accommodations are available. This study focuses on what disabled medical learners think about existing policies in medical schools. Services and procedures for supporting disabled learners are complex and inconsistent. The support system and attitudinal barriers are challenging to navigate. Negative perceptions of disability in medicine are persistent. Attitudinal changes, simplified services and procedures, and an inclusive learning environment can improve the experiences of disabled medical learners.

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引用次数: 2

Beyond binaries: complex roles and identities in critical mental health research 超越二进制：批判性心理健康研究中的复杂角色和身份

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2034111

E. Tseris, Scarlett Franks, Eva Bright Hart

Abstract In this article, we discuss our experiences on a project that is exploring gendered harms experienced by women during involuntary mental health treatment. We outline our journey towards a more complex understanding of our roles in the project, by considering the aspects of our identities that are hidden when situating ourselves only in terms of survivor or non-survivor researchers. In addition, we discuss expectations that are often present in research projects for survivor researchers to publicly disclose highly personal experiences, while non-survivor researchers face no such demands, and the myth of a homogenous survivor researcher identity. We discuss how critiquing binary identities, while still acknowledging power and difference, may open up new ideas about creative and strategic approaches to challenging and resisting psy-oppression.

在这篇文章中，我们讨论了我们在一个项目上的经验，该项目正在探索女性在非自愿心理健康治疗期间所经历的性别伤害。我们概述了我们的旅程，以更复杂的方式理解我们在项目中的角色，通过考虑我们身份的各个方面，当我们只将自己定位为幸存者或非幸存者研究人员时，我们隐藏了这些方面。此外，我们还讨论了在研究项目中经常出现的期望，即幸存者研究人员公开披露高度个人化的经历，而非幸存者研究人员则没有这样的要求，以及同质幸存者研究人员身份的神话。我们讨论了在承认权力和差异的同时，如何批判二元身份，可能会为挑战和抵抗精神压迫的创造性和战略性方法开辟新的思路。

引用次数: 2

Unearthing and addressing bias: understanding the connection between teacher dispositions and disproportionality 发现和解决偏见:理解教师性格与比例失调之间的联系

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2041401

Adam Aloi, Christa S. Bialka

Abstract Given the subjective nature of some disability diagnoses, one way to mitigate the disproportionate referral of students of color for Special Education in the United States is by unearthing teachers’ deep-seated biases regarding race and ability. Drawing on Freire’s (1970) theory of critical consciousness, we unpack the role that teacher dispositions play in upholding racism and ableism, and we offer strategies aimed to address teacher bias and ableist/racist practices. We use the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act as an example of institutional racism and ableism in the United States and consider how teacher dispositions can fuel disproportionality. Because of the importance of teacher training as an entry point into one’s career in education, we specifically focus on the teacher preparation period as a time and space where pre-service teachers (PSTs) can engage with their dispositions and offer concrete strategies that teacher educators can employ with PSTs.

摘要鉴于一些残疾诊断的主观性质，在美国，减少有色人种学生被过度推荐接受特殊教育的一种方法是挖掘教师对种族和能力的根深蒂固的偏见。根据弗雷尔（1970）的批判意识理论，我们揭示了教师性格在维护种族主义和能力主义方面所起的作用，并提出了旨在解决教师偏见和能力主义/种族主义做法的策略。我们将《残疾人教育法》作为美国制度性种族主义和能力主义的一个例子，并考虑教师的性格如何会助长不均衡现象。由于教师培训作为一个人教育生涯的切入点的重要性，我们特别关注教师准备期，这是一个时间和空间，职前教师（PSTs）可以在这里参与他们的性格，并提供教师教育工作者可以使用的具体策略。

引用次数: 1

The transformative dilemma of disabled students’ participation in the NCEE: moving toward inclusion or integration? 残疾学生参与NCEE的变革困境：走向包容还是融合？

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2034600

Yuanyuan Niu, Yuying Liu

Abstract A crucial component of the United Nations’ Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is to promote ‘inclusive education’ for the disabled population. As a member of the CRPD, China has made transformative efforts to promote inclusive education for disabled students in the past decades, including policy changes in the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE). Through reviewing Chinese disabled students’ participation in the NCEE, this article concluded three historical stages – Exclusion, Specialization, and Integration –of China’s disability higher education. Although the past few decades have seen significantly increased access to higher education for disabled students due to legal, institutional, and social changes, the goal of ‘inclusive education’ is yet to come true. The NCEE Physical Examination Criteria shed light on the fundamental limitations in China’s current education system predisposed by the state’s political lens predicated upon managerialism and productivism. Considering China’s present conditions, we outline three ways of promoting disabled students’ right to higher education in reference to the CRPD.

摘要联合国《残疾人权利公约》的一个重要组成部分是促进残疾人的“包容性教育”。作为《残疾人权利公约》的成员，中国在过去几十年中为促进残疾学生的包容性教育做出了变革性的努力，包括国家高考的政策变化。本文通过对中国残疾学生参与NCEE的考察，总结出中国残疾高等教育的三个历史阶段——排斥、专业化和融合。尽管在过去的几十年里，由于法律、制度和社会的变化，残疾学生接受高等教育的机会显著增加，但“包容性教育”的目标尚未实现。NCEE体检标准揭示了中国现行教育体系的根本局限性，这种局限性是由基于管理主义和生产力主义的国家政治视角所决定的。考虑到中国的现状，我们参照《残疾人权利公约》概述了促进残疾学生接受高等教育权利的三种途径。

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引用次数: 0

Announcement of doctoral theses 博士论文公告

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.2019998

Mark Brown

引用次数: 0

Participatory video and diagramming with disabled people in Burkina Faso 布基纳法索残疾人参与式视频和图表

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2034599

L. Bezzina

Abstract Disability research has made vast progress since Oliver’s (1992) call for it to challenge disabled people’s oppression. In Global South contexts such as Burkina Faso–where the research on which this paper is based was facilitated by the author–participatory diagramming and video are useful in creating spaces where disabled people can be heard. Nonetheless, these voices do not necessarily represent those of all disabled people. This paper tackles critiques of participatory methods, issues of representation, as well as power and positionality concerns arising from the involvement of western, non-disabled researchers. It ‘concludes’ that while participatory research might respond to the need for ethical research methods exploring disability in Global South contexts, the importance of reflexivity and of striving towards enabling and supporting research whose agenda is set by disabled persons from the Global South, should be at the fore. Points of Interest For the most part, research on disability and the lives of disabled persons takes place in Europe, North America and other similar contexts, and does not take into account the experiences of persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa. Research which involves participants as researchers themselves aims to support disabled persons in fighting against the discrimination they encounter. Such research can involve different research methods, such as disabled persons creating their own film where they can make their voices heard. Methods like these are more ethical than traditional research methods like interviews, and help make visible the lives and experiences of persons with disabilities in countries like Burkina Faso. However, such participatory methods also have their drawbacks, some of which are discussed in this paper in order to reflect on the way forward for disability research in sub-Saharan Africa.

摘要自从Oliver（1992）呼吁残疾研究挑战残疾人的压迫以来，残疾研究取得了巨大进展。在全球南方的背景下，如布基纳法索——本文所基于的研究是由作者推动的——参与式制图和视频有助于创造残疾人可以听到的空间。尽管如此，这些声音并不一定代表所有残疾人的声音。本文讨论了对参与方法、代表性问题以及西方非残疾研究人员参与所引起的权力和地位问题的批评。它“得出结论”，虽然参与性研究可能会满足在全球南方背景下探索残疾问题的伦理研究方法的需求，但反思性的重要性以及努力促进和支持议程由全球南方残疾人制定的研究的重要性应该放在首位。兴趣点在大多数情况下，关于残疾和残疾人生活的研究是在欧洲、北美和其他类似背景下进行的，没有考虑到撒哈拉以南非洲残疾人的经历。由参与者作为研究人员参与的研究旨在支持残疾人与他们遇到的歧视作斗争。这类研究可能涉及不同的研究方法，例如残疾人创作自己的电影，让人们听到他们的声音。这样的方法比采访等传统研究方法更符合伦理，有助于让人们了解布基纳法索等国残疾人的生活和经历。然而，这种参与式方法也有其缺点，本文对其中一些进行了讨论，以反思撒哈拉以南非洲残疾研究的前进方向。

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引用次数: 1

Disability on Arab screens: cripping class, religion, and gender in Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon 阿拉伯屏幕上的残疾：叙利亚、埃及和黎巴嫩的阶级、宗教和性别

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-12 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.1997715

E. O’Dell

Abstract Arab cinema has not featured many protagonists with disabilities, but over the past two decades differently abled characters have appeared on movie and television screens in the Middle East and North Africa. From feature films to Ramadan serials, characters with Hansen’s Disease, Down Syndrome, autism, visual impairments, dwarfism, and missing limbs have emerged in films and television shows from Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon. Characters with disabilities in Yomeddine (Egypt), Behind the Sun (Syria), and Tale of Amal (Lebanon) challenge disability stigma in Arab cultures and highlight the toll of caregiving. While these portrayals, which all incorporate religious interpretations of disability and feature poor characters living on the margins, attempt to correct the absence of disability representations and discourse in Arab societies, they fall into familiar tropes of disability objectification by employing the ‘prosthetic’ of a disability narrative to explore other marginalized social issues like abortion, gender, race, and religious differences. Points of interest There is hardly any research on how disability is portrayed in film and television in Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon The research sheds important light on how disability and poverty intersect in Arab popular culture This paper discusses how religion (Islam in particular) is used to understand, interpret, and manage disability in Arab societies This research shows how Arab filmmakers are using film and television to advocate for more awareness and compassion for people with disabilities in Arab societies. This paper covers taboo subjects related to disability such as abortion, religious minorities, sexuality, and gender marginalization

抽象的阿拉伯电影中没有很多残疾主角，但在过去的二十年里，中东和北非的电影和电视屏幕上出现了不同能力的角色。从故事片到斋月系列，埃及、叙利亚和黎巴嫩的电影和电视节目中都出现了患有汉森病、唐氏综合症、自闭症、视觉障碍、侏儒症和四肢缺失的角色。《Yomeddine》（埃及）、《Behind the Sun》（叙利亚）和《Amal的故事》（黎巴嫩）中的残疾角色挑战了阿拉伯文化中的残疾污名，并强调了照顾的代价。尽管这些描绘都包含了对残疾的宗教解释，并以生活在边缘的贫穷人物为特色，试图纠正阿拉伯社会中缺乏残疾表征和话语的现象，他们使用残疾叙事的“假肢”来探索堕胎、性别、种族和宗教差异等其他边缘化的社会问题，从而陷入了人们熟悉的残疾客体化的比喻。兴趣点在叙利亚、埃及和黎巴嫩，几乎没有任何关于残疾如何在电影和电视中被描绘的研究。这项研究为残疾和贫困在阿拉伯流行文化中如何交叉提供了重要的线索。本文讨论了宗教（尤其是伊斯兰教）如何被用来理解、解释，这项研究表明，阿拉伯电影制作人如何利用电影和电视来倡导对阿拉伯社会残疾人的更多认识和同情。本文涵盖了与残疾相关的禁忌话题，如堕胎、宗教少数群体、性行为和性别边缘化

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引用次数: 2

The representation of disabled women and recent disabled women-led media 残疾妇女的代表和最近残疾妇女领导的媒体

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2021.2015292

A. Wilde

Abstract This is a Current Issue because media industries have recently made renewed efforts to address problems in representations of disability, including UK initiatives for disabled-led content in 2020/2021. Analysis of these new forms of work will be necessary to learn more for improving future representations. Since portrayals of disabled women have been disproportionately neglected in academic analysis of media, my focus is on ‘Hen Night’, an episode of the BBC’s Culture in Quarantine programme of work. I discuss this as an exemplar of disabled women’s representation. I argue that ‘Hen Night’, and other pieces written and performed by disabled people in recent collections provide valuable insights into how and why gendered dimensions of disability imagery and social relations in mainstream media can begin to be changed for the better, improving understanding of the forms of marginalisation disabled women continue to face in cultural industries and gendered forms of representation.

摘要这是一个当前的问题，因为媒体行业最近重新努力解决残疾代表方面的问题，包括2020/2021年英国针对残疾人主导内容的举措。分析这些新的工作形式将是必要的，以了解更多，以改进未来的表现。由于在媒体的学术分析中，残疾女性的形象被不成比例地忽视了，我把重点放在了《母鸡之夜》上，这是英国广播公司隔离文化工作节目的一集。我将此作为残疾妇女代表权的一个例子进行讨论。我认为，《母鸡之夜》以及残疾人在最近的作品集中创作和表演的其他作品，为主流媒体中残疾形象和社会关系的性别维度如何以及为什么开始变得更好提供了宝贵的见解，提高对残疾妇女在文化产业和性别代表形式中继续面临的边缘化形式的理解。

引用次数: 0

Physical Restraint and Associated Factors in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Cross-sectional Study in North of Iran. 重症监护室成人患者的身体约束及相关因素：伊朗北部横断面研究。

IF 1.5 2区社会学 Q2 REHABILITATION

Disability & Society

Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24103

Mahin Nomali, Aryan Ayati, Mohammad Yadegari, Mahdis Nomali, Mahnaz Modanloo

Background/aim: Patients in the intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of developing delirium and agitation. Physical restraint (PR) has increased to control these patients which accompanies by adverse consequences. The aim was to determine the PR use and associated factors in patients hospitalized at the ICUs in the North of Iran.

Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 272 patients in 3 ICUs of 5 Azar referral hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Gorgan, Iran) in 2018 were included. Confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were used to evaluate delirium, sedation level, disease severity, and level of consciousness, respectively. Analysis was done by STATA version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas), univariate and multiple analyses.

Results: Data from 272 patients were analyzed (mean age of 45.8 ± 21.3 years). PR was used for 74.5% of patients. Restrained patients had more severe disease [mean of APACHE II score, 20.20 (7.5) vs 11.6 (7.1)], longer length of stay [mean of 10 (5.5) vs 5.5 (4.6) days], and lower level of consciousness [mean of GCS score, 8.7 (3.5) vs 13.5 (3.3)] than patients without it. CAM-ICU was positive in majority of patients (79.5 vs 10.4%) and agitation level of RASS score was higher in restrained patients (31.7 vs 3.0%). Associated factors in multiple analysis were use of sedative and psychoactive drugs [odds ratio (OR), 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-7.82], presence of delirium (OR, 15.13; 95% CI: 4.61-49.65), deep sedation (OR, 0.04; 95% CI: 0.00-0.45), and GCS score (OR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.9).

Conclusion: This study revealed the high use of PR in the ICUs, and use of sedative and psychoactive drugs, presence of delirium, deep sedation, and GCS score were such associated factors.

How to cite this article: Nomali M, Ayati A, Yadegari M, Nomali M, Modanloo M. Physical Restraint and Associated Factors in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Cross-sectional Study in North of Iran. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(2):192-198.

背景/目的：重症监护病房（ICU）中的病人极易出现谵妄和躁动。为了控制这些病人，越来越多的人使用物理约束（PR），但同时也带来了不良后果。研究的目的是确定伊朗北部重症监护室住院病人使用束缚措施的情况及相关因素：在这项横断面研究中，共纳入了 2018 年戈勒斯坦医科大学（伊朗戈尔甘）附属 5 Azar 转诊医院 3 个重症监护室的 272 名患者。分别采用重症监护室谵妄评估法（CAM-ICU）、里士满躁动镇静量表（RASS）、急性生理学和慢性健康评估 II（APACHE II）以及格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）来评估谵妄、镇静水平、疾病严重程度和意识水平。分析采用 STATA 14.2 版（StataCorp LP，College Station，Texas），进行单变量和多重分析：分析了 272 名患者的数据（平均年龄为 45.8 ± 21.3 岁）。74.5%的患者使用了PR。与无限制措施的患者相比，限制措施患者的病情更严重[APACHE II 评分平均值为 20.20 (7.5) vs 11.6 (7.1)]，住院时间更长[平均为 10 (5.5) vs 5.5 (4.6) 天]，意识水平更低[GCS 评分平均值为 8.7 (3.5) vs 13.5 (3.3)]。大多数患者的 CAM-ICU 评分呈阳性（79.5% 对 10.4%），受限患者的 RASS 评分躁动程度更高（31.7% 对 3.0%）。多重分析中的相关因素包括使用镇静和精神活性药物[几率比（OR），2.85；95% 置信区间（CI）：1.04-7.82]、存在谵妄（OR，15.13；95% CI：4.61-49.65）、深度镇静（OR，0.04；95% CI：0.00-0.45）和 GCS 评分（OR，0.69；95% CI：0.53-0.9）：该研究表明，重症监护室中 PR 的使用率很高，而镇静和精神活性药物的使用、谵妄的存在、深度镇静和 GCS 评分是相关因素：Nomali M, Ayati A, Yadegari M, Nomali M, Modanloo M. 重症监护病房成人患者的物理约束及相关因素：伊朗北部横断面研究》。Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(2):192-198.

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