首页 > 最新文献

European Sociological Review最新文献

英文 中文
A step to the left? Gender ideologies and political party identification in Germany 往左走一步?德国的性别意识形态与政党认同
1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad013
Sabine Diabaté, Daniela Grunow, Mirko Braack
Abstract After decades in which gender relations, as anchored in work-family policies and egalitarian gender ideologies, moved towards greater equality, the status quo is currently being challenged. Gender-ambivalent ideologies have spread in both the political and private realms. It is unclear how the rise in gender-ambivalence documented in current research relates to party identification. On the one hand, gender ambivalence may represent a variation of post-materialist liberal values corresponding with support for centre-left parties in Germany. On the other, ambivalence may reflect a modified form of traditionalism and thus, a step to the left among voters leaning towards right-wing and conservative parties. This paper uses the Leitbild Survey 2012 to provide empirical evidence to fill this research gap. In line with cross-national research, latent class analyses reveal four main gender ideologies among young Germans: unidimensional ‘egalitarian’ and ‘moderate traditional’, as well as ambivalent, multidimensional ‘secondary earner’, and ‘intensive parenting’. Multinomial regression models show that egalitarian class members identify with centre-left parties while members of the ambivalent, multidimensional secondary earner, and intensive parenting classes as well as those of the moderate traditional class identify more strongly with centre-right parties. In light of the broader literature on gender ideology change, which documents a steep decline in traditionalism, our cross-sectional findings may be interpreted as capturing a step to the left among voters leaning towards right-wing and conservative parties in Germany, who now accept new mothers combining care-giving and part-time-work.
几十年来,以工作-家庭政策和平等主义性别意识形态为基础的性别关系朝着更加平等的方向发展,如今,现状正受到挑战。性别矛盾的意识形态在政治和私人领域都在蔓延。目前尚不清楚当前研究中记录的性别矛盾心理的上升与党派认同之间的关系。一方面,性别矛盾心理可能代表了后唯物主义自由主义价值观的变化,与德国对中左翼政党的支持相对应。另一方面,矛盾心理可能反映了传统主义的一种改良形式,因此,在倾向于右翼和保守政党的选民中,这是向左转的一步。本文利用Leitbild Survey 2012提供的经验证据来填补这一研究空白。根据跨国研究,潜在阶级分析揭示了德国年轻人的四种主要性别意识形态:一维的“平等主义”和“温和的传统”,以及矛盾的、多维的“中等收入者”和“密集育儿”。多项回归模型显示,平等主义阶层的成员认同中左翼政党,而矛盾的、多维的中等收入者、密集育儿阶层的成员以及温和的传统阶层的成员更强烈地认同中右翼政党。鉴于关于性别意识形态变化的更广泛的文献记录了传统主义的急剧下降,我们的横断面调查结果可能被解释为在倾向于德国右翼和保守政党的选民中抓住了向左的一步,他们现在接受新妈妈既照顾孩子又做兼职。
{"title":"A step to the left? Gender ideologies and political party identification in Germany","authors":"Sabine Diabaté, Daniela Grunow, Mirko Braack","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After decades in which gender relations, as anchored in work-family policies and egalitarian gender ideologies, moved towards greater equality, the status quo is currently being challenged. Gender-ambivalent ideologies have spread in both the political and private realms. It is unclear how the rise in gender-ambivalence documented in current research relates to party identification. On the one hand, gender ambivalence may represent a variation of post-materialist liberal values corresponding with support for centre-left parties in Germany. On the other, ambivalence may reflect a modified form of traditionalism and thus, a step to the left among voters leaning towards right-wing and conservative parties. This paper uses the Leitbild Survey 2012 to provide empirical evidence to fill this research gap. In line with cross-national research, latent class analyses reveal four main gender ideologies among young Germans: unidimensional ‘egalitarian’ and ‘moderate traditional’, as well as ambivalent, multidimensional ‘secondary earner’, and ‘intensive parenting’. Multinomial regression models show that egalitarian class members identify with centre-left parties while members of the ambivalent, multidimensional secondary earner, and intensive parenting classes as well as those of the moderate traditional class identify more strongly with centre-right parties. In light of the broader literature on gender ideology change, which documents a steep decline in traditionalism, our cross-sectional findings may be interpreted as capturing a step to the left among voters leaning towards right-wing and conservative parties in Germany, who now accept new mothers combining care-giving and part-time-work.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Not all wealth is the same: types and levels of wealth and children’s university enrolment 并非所有的财富都是一样的:财富的类型和水平以及儿童的大学入学率
IF 3.2 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad009
Andrea Pietrolucci, M. Albertini
A number of studies suggest that parental wealth has both primary and secondary effects on offspring’s educational decisions, net of other measures family’s socio-economic status. The article documents that there is a positive association between parental wealth and children’s university enrolment in Italy, a country characterized by comparatively low levels of wealth inequality and a low enrolment rate in tertiary education. The positive association is confirmed when controlling for children’s performance in secondary school, too. Moreover, complementing previous studies, the analyses explore the extent to which different types of wealth have a different effect on children’s university enrolment, and on how this effect varies along the wealth distribution and depending on parents’ educational level. A positive effect is found only for families with non-negative net wealth and up to the 35th percentile of the wealth distribution. A threshold effect is found for financial wealth as well, being the association positive and significant up to the median of the financial wealth distribution. Real assets show a positive, albeit weaker, association up to the 30th percentile. Next, parental wealth is found to be positively associated with a higher likelihood of enrolment at university only for children of parents with a lower secondary degree or less, whereas the effect is not statistically significant for children of parents with at least an upper secondary degree.
许多研究表明,父母的财富对子女的教育决策有主要和次要影响,扣除其他衡量家庭社会经济地位的指标。该文章指出,在意大利,父母的财富与子女的大学入学率之间存在着正相关关系。意大利的特点是财富不平等程度相对较低,高等教育入学率较低。当控制孩子在中学的表现时,这种积极的联系也得到了证实。此外,作为对先前研究的补充,这些分析探讨了不同类型的财富对儿童大学入学率的不同影响程度,以及这种影响如何随着财富分布和父母的教育水平而变化。只有净财富为非负且财富分布达到第35百分位的家庭才有积极影响。金融财富也存在阈值效应,即在金融财富分布中值之前的正相关和显著相关。实物资产在第30个百分位显示出积极的关联,尽管较弱。其次,父母的财富被发现只与父母初中或以下学历的孩子更高的大学入学可能性呈正相关,而父母至少高中学历的孩子的影响在统计上并不显著。
{"title":"Not all wealth is the same: types and levels of wealth and children’s university enrolment","authors":"Andrea Pietrolucci, M. Albertini","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad009","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies suggest that parental wealth has both primary and secondary effects on offspring’s educational decisions, net of other measures family’s socio-economic status. The article documents that there is a positive association between parental wealth and children’s university enrolment in Italy, a country characterized by comparatively low levels of wealth inequality and a low enrolment rate in tertiary education. The positive association is confirmed when controlling for children’s performance in secondary school, too. Moreover, complementing previous studies, the analyses explore the extent to which different types of wealth have a different effect on children’s university enrolment, and on how this effect varies along the wealth distribution and depending on parents’ educational level. A positive effect is found only for families with non-negative net wealth and up to the 35th percentile of the wealth distribution. A threshold effect is found for financial wealth as well, being the association positive and significant up to the median of the financial wealth distribution. Real assets show a positive, albeit weaker, association up to the 30th percentile. Next, parental wealth is found to be positively associated with a higher likelihood of enrolment at university only for children of parents with a lower secondary degree or less, whereas the effect is not statistically significant for children of parents with at least an upper secondary degree.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46876386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender and the rural–urban divide: family wealth and first marriage among young adults in China 性别与城乡差距:中国年轻人的家庭财富与初婚
1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad010
Yang Zhang
Abstract In recent decades, owing to rapidly rising marriage expenses, family wealth has gained importance in regard to one’s first marriage. Nevertheless, little is known about how family wealth shapes first marriage in China, where gender and the rural–urban divide affect marriage practices. Drawing on six waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies, I used discrete-time hazard models and a prospective research design to examine the link between family wealth and the subsequent first marriage of young adults aged 16–40 years, and to identify how this link varies by gender and hukou status. The findings indicate a strong positive association between household total asset value and first marriage for rural men and women, and urban men. They also show that ownership of major household assets was positively associated with men’s first marriage, but not with that of women. However, household savings were more predictive for rural women’s first marriage, compared to that of rural men. Family wealth inequality provides a new lens for understanding the marriage patterns of young adults in China. Gendered marriage practices and family wealth arrangements may contribute to women’s disadvantaged positions in wealth possession and accumulation and result in the perpetuation of gender inequality.
近几十年来,由于结婚费用的迅速上升,家庭财富在初婚中变得越来越重要。然而,在性别和城乡差距影响婚姻习俗的中国,人们对家庭财富如何影响初婚知之甚少。利用中国家庭面板研究的六波数据,我使用离散时间风险模型和前瞻性研究设计来检验家庭财富与16-40岁年轻人随后的第一次婚姻之间的联系,并确定这种联系如何因性别和户口状况而变化。研究结果表明,农村男女和城市男性的家庭总资产价值与初婚之间存在强烈的正相关关系。他们还表明,主要家庭资产的所有权与男性的第一次婚姻呈正相关,而与女性的第一次婚姻无关。然而,与农村男性相比,家庭储蓄更能预测农村女性的初婚。家庭财富不平等为理解中国年轻人的婚姻模式提供了一个新的视角。性别化的婚姻习俗和家庭财富安排可能导致妇女在财富占有和积累方面处于不利地位,并导致性别不平等的长期存在。
{"title":"Gender and the rural–urban divide: family wealth and first marriage among young adults in China","authors":"Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent decades, owing to rapidly rising marriage expenses, family wealth has gained importance in regard to one’s first marriage. Nevertheless, little is known about how family wealth shapes first marriage in China, where gender and the rural–urban divide affect marriage practices. Drawing on six waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies, I used discrete-time hazard models and a prospective research design to examine the link between family wealth and the subsequent first marriage of young adults aged 16–40 years, and to identify how this link varies by gender and hukou status. The findings indicate a strong positive association between household total asset value and first marriage for rural men and women, and urban men. They also show that ownership of major household assets was positively associated with men’s first marriage, but not with that of women. However, household savings were more predictive for rural women’s first marriage, compared to that of rural men. Family wealth inequality provides a new lens for understanding the marriage patterns of young adults in China. Gendered marriage practices and family wealth arrangements may contribute to women’s disadvantaged positions in wealth possession and accumulation and result in the perpetuation of gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136195131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: Young adults’ labour market transitions and intergenerational support in Germany 修正:德国年轻人的劳动力市场转型和代际支持
1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad018
{"title":"Correction to: Young adults’ labour market transitions and intergenerational support in Germany","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135488694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Student ICT resources and intergenerational transmission of educational inequality: testing implications of a reproduction and mobility perspective 学生信息通信技术资源和教育不平等的代际传递:生殖和流动视角的测试含义
1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad008
Renae Sze Ming Loh, Gerbert Kraaykamp, Margriet van Hek
Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) is often heralded to boost student learning. In this paper, we investigate the supposed benefits of ICT on student educational performance by considering the varied forms of ICT resources – access, skills, efficacy and different usage practices. We also examine the relationship between parental background, ICT and educational performance, employing notions from social reproduction and mobility theory, thereby investigating its role in processes of intergenerational transmission of educational inequality. Using PISA 2018 data, we examine 123,006 students’ performance in Math and Reading. Results from fixed effects models indicate that ICT resources have a generic benefit to student learning, and mostly function as means to social reproduction. Our results indicate that having more ICT access and ICT skills seem to be most beneficial for students from advantageous family backgrounds, whereas using ICT for gaming seems most detrimental for high-SES students.
摘要信息通信技术(ICT)经常被认为是促进学生学习的重要手段。在本文中,我们通过考虑不同形式的信息通信技术资源——获取、技能、有效性和不同的使用实践,研究了信息通信技术对学生教育绩效的预期好处。我们还研究了父母背景、信息通信技术和教育绩效之间的关系,采用社会再生产和流动性理论的概念,从而研究其在教育不平等代际传递过程中的作用。使用2018年的PISA数据,我们检查了123,006名学生在数学和阅读方面的表现。固定效应模型的结果表明,信息通信技术资源对学生的学习具有普遍的效益,主要是作为社会再生产的手段。我们的研究结果表明,拥有更多的信息通信技术和信息通信技术技能似乎对来自优越家庭背景的学生最有利,而使用信息通信技术玩游戏似乎对高ses学生最不利。
{"title":"Student ICT resources and intergenerational transmission of educational inequality: testing implications of a reproduction and mobility perspective","authors":"Renae Sze Ming Loh, Gerbert Kraaykamp, Margriet van Hek","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) is often heralded to boost student learning. In this paper, we investigate the supposed benefits of ICT on student educational performance by considering the varied forms of ICT resources – access, skills, efficacy and different usage practices. We also examine the relationship between parental background, ICT and educational performance, employing notions from social reproduction and mobility theory, thereby investigating its role in processes of intergenerational transmission of educational inequality. Using PISA 2018 data, we examine 123,006 students’ performance in Math and Reading. Results from fixed effects models indicate that ICT resources have a generic benefit to student learning, and mostly function as means to social reproduction. Our results indicate that having more ICT access and ICT skills seem to be most beneficial for students from advantageous family backgrounds, whereas using ICT for gaming seems most detrimental for high-SES students.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134946807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Peer effects on academic self-concept: a large randomized field experiment 同伴效应对学术自我概念的影响:一项大型随机田野实验
1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad001
Tamás Keller, Jinho Kim, Felix Elwert
Abstract Social theories posit that peers affect students’ academic self-concept (ASC). Most prominently, Big-Fish-Little-Pond, invidious comparison, and relative deprivation theories predict that exposure to academically stronger peers decreases students’ ASC, and exposure to academically weaker peers increases students’ ASC. These propositions have not yet been tested experimentally. We executed a large and pre-registered field experiment that randomized students to deskmates within 195 classrooms of 41 schools (N = 3,022). Our primary experimental analysis found no evidence of an effect of peer achievement on ASC in either direction. Exploratory analyses hinted at a subject-specific deskmate effect on ASC in verbal skills, and that sitting next to a lower-achieving boy increased girls’ ASC (but not that sitting next to a higher-achieving boy decreased girls’ ASC). Critically, however, none of these group-specific results held up to even modest corrections for multiple hypothesis testing. Contrary to theory, our randomized field experiment thus provides no evidence for an effect of peer achievement on students’ ASC.
社会理论认为同伴影响学生的学业自我概念。最突出的是,大鱼小塘、令人反感的比较和相对剥夺理论预测,接触学业较强的同伴会降低学生的ASC,接触学业较弱的同伴会增加学生的ASC。这些主张尚未经过实验检验。我们进行了一项大型预先登记的实地实验,在41所学校的195个教室中将学生随机分配到同桌(N = 3,022)。我们的初步实验分析没有发现同伴成就对ASC有任何影响的证据。探索性分析暗示,同桌对语言技能的ASC有特定学科的影响,坐在成绩较差的男孩旁边会增加女孩的ASC(但坐在成绩较好的男孩旁边会降低女孩的ASC)。然而,关键的是,这些针对特定群体的结果都不能在多重假设检验中得到适度的修正。与理论相反,我们的随机现场实验因此没有证据表明同伴成就对学生的ASC有影响。
{"title":"Peer effects on academic self-concept: a large randomized field experiment","authors":"Tamás Keller, Jinho Kim, Felix Elwert","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social theories posit that peers affect students’ academic self-concept (ASC). Most prominently, Big-Fish-Little-Pond, invidious comparison, and relative deprivation theories predict that exposure to academically stronger peers decreases students’ ASC, and exposure to academically weaker peers increases students’ ASC. These propositions have not yet been tested experimentally. We executed a large and pre-registered field experiment that randomized students to deskmates within 195 classrooms of 41 schools (N = 3,022). Our primary experimental analysis found no evidence of an effect of peer achievement on ASC in either direction. Exploratory analyses hinted at a subject-specific deskmate effect on ASC in verbal skills, and that sitting next to a lower-achieving boy increased girls’ ASC (but not that sitting next to a higher-achieving boy decreased girls’ ASC). Critically, however, none of these group-specific results held up to even modest corrections for multiple hypothesis testing. Contrary to theory, our randomized field experiment thus provides no evidence for an effect of peer achievement on students’ ASC.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135677431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Professors’ gender biases in assessing applicants for professorships 教授在评估教授职位申请人时的性别偏见
IF 3.2 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad007
Heike Solga, A. Rusconi, Nicolai Netz
Recent evidence suggests that women are more likely to be selected for professorships when they apply. This female advantage may be partly due to the widely promoted gender-equality policy of having a substantial female quota in selection committees. Yet, research has rarely considered whether male and female committee members evaluate applicants for professorships differently. We address this research gap based on a large factorial survey experiment with German university professors from different disciplines. We asked these professors to rate how qualified hypothetical applicants are for full professorships and the likelihood of inviting these applicants for a job interview. We find that female applicants have an modest advantage both in their perceived qualifications and in their likelihood of being invited—with no differences between the male and female professors assessing them. Importantly, however, the female advantage in invitation does not apply to highly qualified female applicants but only to female applicants with low and mediocre perceived qualifications—again, there is no difference between male and female professors. Moreover, our analyses do not indicate a Matilda effect, that is, we do not find a co-authorship penalty for female applicants.
最近的证据表明,女性在申请时更有可能被选为教授。这种女性优势的部分原因可能是广泛推行的性别平等政策,即在选拔委员会中有大量女性配额。然而,研究很少考虑男性和女性委员会成员对教授职位申请人的评价是否不同。我们在对来自不同学科的德国大学教授进行大型析因调查实验的基础上解决了这一研究差距。我们要求这些教授对假设申请人获得正式教授职位的资格以及邀请这些申请人参加面试的可能性进行评分。我们发现,女性申请人在其感知的资格和被邀请的可能性方面都有适度的优势——评估她们的男性和女性教授之间没有差异。然而,重要的是,女性在邀请方面的优势并不适用于高素质的女性申请人,而只适用于资历较低和一般的女性申请人——同样,男性和女性教授之间没有区别。此外,我们的分析没有表明玛蒂尔达效应,也就是说,我们没有发现女性申请人的合著惩罚。
{"title":"Professors’ gender biases in assessing applicants for professorships","authors":"Heike Solga, A. Rusconi, Nicolai Netz","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent evidence suggests that women are more likely to be selected for professorships when they apply. This female advantage may be partly due to the widely promoted gender-equality policy of having a substantial female quota in selection committees. Yet, research has rarely considered whether male and female committee members evaluate applicants for professorships differently. We address this research gap based on a large factorial survey experiment with German university professors from different disciplines. We asked these professors to rate how qualified hypothetical applicants are for full professorships and the likelihood of inviting these applicants for a job interview. We find that female applicants have an modest advantage both in their perceived qualifications and in their likelihood of being invited—with no differences between the male and female professors assessing them. Importantly, however, the female advantage in invitation does not apply to highly qualified female applicants but only to female applicants with low and mediocre perceived qualifications—again, there is no difference between male and female professors. Moreover, our analyses do not indicate a Matilda effect, that is, we do not find a co-authorship penalty for female applicants.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43707059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Young adults’ labour market transitions and intergenerational support in Germany 德国年轻人劳动力市场转型和代际支持
IF 3.2 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad006
A. Manzoni, M. Gebel
Research has shown that parents provide considerable support to their children; however, we know little about the influence of young adults’ employment experiences on the support they receive from their parents. We draw on data from the German Family Panel pairfam for birth cohorts 1981–1983 and 1991–1993 and use a first difference panel estimator with asymmetric effects to examine the extent to which young adults’ employment transitions affect material, emotional, and instrumental support from parents. We find stark differences across types of support: parental material support changes in response to transitions in and out of employment, especially when to and from education. Other types of support seem less contingent on labour market transitions. Instrumental support only increases for transitions from education to employment and from employment to NEET. The latter effect is mainly driven by women entering parental leave. We do not find strong evidence of differences between transitions to standard and non-standard work. The association between employment transitions and intergenerational material support flows suggests that families act as safety nets, raising concerns about those whose families are unable to help.
研究表明,父母为子女提供了大量的支持;然而,我们对年轻人的就业经历对他们从父母那里获得的支持的影响知之甚少。我们利用德国家庭小组1981–1983年和1991–1993年出生队列的数据,并使用具有不对称效应的第一差分小组估计量来检验年轻人的就业转变对父母物质、情感和工具支持的影响程度。我们发现不同类型的支持存在明显差异:父母的物质支持随着就业和失业的转变而变化,尤其是在上下学时。其他类型的支持似乎不太取决于劳动力市场的转型。工具性支持只会增加从教育到就业以及从就业到NEET的过渡。后一种影响主要是由妇女休育儿假造成的。我们没有发现向标准工作和非标准工作过渡之间存在差异的有力证据。就业转型与代际物质支持流动之间的联系表明,家庭充当着安全网,这引发了人们对那些家庭无法提供帮助的人的担忧。
{"title":"Young adults’ labour market transitions and intergenerational support in Germany","authors":"A. Manzoni, M. Gebel","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research has shown that parents provide considerable support to their children; however, we know little about the influence of young adults’ employment experiences on the support they receive from their parents. We draw on data from the German Family Panel pairfam for birth cohorts 1981–1983 and 1991–1993 and use a first difference panel estimator with asymmetric effects to examine the extent to which young adults’ employment transitions affect material, emotional, and instrumental support from parents. We find stark differences across types of support: parental material support changes in response to transitions in and out of employment, especially when to and from education. Other types of support seem less contingent on labour market transitions. Instrumental support only increases for transitions from education to employment and from employment to NEET. The latter effect is mainly driven by women entering parental leave. We do not find strong evidence of differences between transitions to standard and non-standard work. The association between employment transitions and intergenerational material support flows suggests that families act as safety nets, raising concerns about those whose families are unable to help.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Even in preschools: analysing the preschool and neighbourhood segregation gap in Swedish municipalities 甚至在学前班:分析瑞典各市的学前班和邻里隔离差距
IF 3.2 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad004
Andreas Alm Fjellborg, Håkan Forsberg
Preschool segregation has not been the focus of research efforts to the same extent as compulsory school segregation. This is at least in part a consequence of the lack of large-scale, registry-based data sources on where children live and where they attend preschool. This paper presents a full-population account of discrepancies between preschool segregation and neighbourhood segregation covering the Swedish population. Data includes preschool children as well as their parents’ income, education, ethnic background, and place of residence. Findings indicate that while preschool segregation does not differ from neighbourhood segregation to the same extent as previous research has shown for school segregation, there are systematic differences affecting the level of segregation across Sweden and in various types of municipalities. Studies on school level show segregation by foreign background and income to be most prominent, whilst preschool segregation mostly concerns parents’ educational attainment. Furthermore, the findings show that the geographical distribution of private and public preschools affects levels of segregation. This conclusion supports the general argument that the free-choice reform in the Swedish school system tends to raise levels of school segregation above the levels of residential segregation—even in preschools.
学前隔离并不像义务学校隔离那样成为研究工作的重点。这至少在一定程度上是由于缺乏大规模的、基于登记的数据来源,无法了解儿童的居住地和上幼儿园的地点。本文对瑞典人口中学前隔离和邻里隔离之间的差异进行了全面的人口统计。数据包括学龄前儿童及其父母的收入、教育程度、种族背景和居住地。研究结果表明,尽管学前隔离与邻里隔离的差异程度与之前的学校隔离研究所显示的相同,但瑞典各地和不同类型的市镇的隔离程度存在系统性差异。对学校水平的研究表明,外国背景和收入的隔离最为突出,而学前隔离主要涉及父母的教育程度。此外,研究结果表明,私立和公立幼儿园的地理分布会影响隔离程度。这一结论支持了一种普遍的论点,即瑞典学校系统的自由选择改革倾向于将学校隔离水平提高到居住隔离水平之上,甚至在幼儿园也是如此。
{"title":"Even in preschools: analysing the preschool and neighbourhood segregation gap in Swedish municipalities","authors":"Andreas Alm Fjellborg, Håkan Forsberg","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Preschool segregation has not been the focus of research efforts to the same extent as compulsory school segregation. This is at least in part a consequence of the lack of large-scale, registry-based data sources on where children live and where they attend preschool. This paper presents a full-population account of discrepancies between preschool segregation and neighbourhood segregation covering the Swedish population. Data includes preschool children as well as their parents’ income, education, ethnic background, and place of residence. Findings indicate that while preschool segregation does not differ from neighbourhood segregation to the same extent as previous research has shown for school segregation, there are systematic differences affecting the level of segregation across Sweden and in various types of municipalities. Studies on school level show segregation by foreign background and income to be most prominent, whilst preschool segregation mostly concerns parents’ educational attainment. Furthermore, the findings show that the geographical distribution of private and public preschools affects levels of segregation. This conclusion supports the general argument that the free-choice reform in the Swedish school system tends to raise levels of school segregation above the levels of residential segregation—even in preschools.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42687412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A ‘potential motherhood’ penalty? A longitudinal analysis of the wage gap based on potential fertility in Germany and the United Kingdom “潜在母亲”的惩罚?基于德国和英国潜在生育率的工资差距纵向分析
IF 3.2 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcad003
Anna Zamberlan, P. Barbieri
While labour market penalties related to motherhood are a widely studied topic, less is known about the implications of signalled potential fertility. We thus posed the question of whether potential fertility—operationalized as the likelihood that a childless woman will transition to motherhood depending on observed sociodemographic characteristics—is associated with a wage penalty and—if so—what the drivers of this wage gap are. We further tested theory-driven hypotheses about heterogeneity across institutional contexts (i.e. in Germany and the United Kingdom) and socio-economic classes. In so doing, we relied on SOEP, BHPS, and UKHLS panel data to construct a synthetic measure of potential fertility over the period from 1991 to 2017. We first explored the overall association between potential fertility and wages and found a wage gap to the disadvantage of potential mothers in both contexts, albeit with non-negligible heterogeneity across time and socio-economic classes. Subsequently, we selected the top and bottom quartiles of the distribution of potential fertility and performed a 2-fold decomposition of the wage differential between potential mothers and women who are less likely to transition to motherhood. The observed wage gap can mostly be explained by compositional differences in observed characteristics between the two groups of women, thereby leaving little room for explanations based on employer discrimination.
虽然与母亲身份有关的劳动力市场惩罚是一个被广泛研究的话题,但人们对潜在生育率的影响知之甚少。因此,我们提出了一个问题,即潜在生育率——根据观察到的社会人口特征,无子女女性转变为母亲的可能性——是否与工资惩罚有关,如果是,这种工资差距的驱动因素是什么。我们进一步检验了理论驱动的关于制度背景(即德国和英国)和社会经济阶层异质性的假设。在这样做的过程中,我们依靠SOEP、BHPS和UKHLS面板数据构建了1991年至2017年期间潜在生育率的综合衡量标准。我们首先探讨了潜在生育率和工资之间的总体关联,并发现在这两种情况下,工资差距都对潜在母亲不利,尽管在时间和社会经济阶层之间存在不可忽视的异质性。随后,我们选择了潜在生育率分布的顶部和底部四分位数,并对潜在母亲和不太可能转变为母亲的妇女之间的工资差异进行了2倍分解。观察到的工资差距主要可以通过观察到的两组女性特征的组成差异来解释,因此几乎没有留下基于雇主歧视的解释空间。
{"title":"A ‘potential motherhood’ penalty? A longitudinal analysis of the wage gap based on potential fertility in Germany and the United Kingdom","authors":"Anna Zamberlan, P. Barbieri","doi":"10.1093/esr/jcad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While labour market penalties related to motherhood are a widely studied topic, less is known about the implications of signalled potential fertility. We thus posed the question of whether potential fertility—operationalized as the likelihood that a childless woman will transition to motherhood depending on observed sociodemographic characteristics—is associated with a wage penalty and—if so—what the drivers of this wage gap are. We further tested theory-driven hypotheses about heterogeneity across institutional contexts (i.e. in Germany and the United Kingdom) and socio-economic classes. In so doing, we relied on SOEP, BHPS, and UKHLS panel data to construct a synthetic measure of potential fertility over the period from 1991 to 2017. We first explored the overall association between potential fertility and wages and found a wage gap to the disadvantage of potential mothers in both contexts, albeit with non-negligible heterogeneity across time and socio-economic classes. Subsequently, we selected the top and bottom quartiles of the distribution of potential fertility and performed a 2-fold decomposition of the wage differential between potential mothers and women who are less likely to transition to motherhood. The observed wage gap can mostly be explained by compositional differences in observed characteristics between the two groups of women, thereby leaving little room for explanations based on employer discrimination.","PeriodicalId":48237,"journal":{"name":"European Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
European Sociological Review
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1