Facing increasing complexity, uncertainty, and rapid transformations in climate, technology, and geopolitics, traditional governance models often fall short in providing the preparedness, adaptiveness, and inclusive decision-making required for sustainable policymaking. Anticipatory Governance (AG) has therefore emerged as a forward-looking approach grounded in systemic foresight and proactive capacity-building for open and complex systems. Within this context, universities—especially those with strong research, innovation, and societal engagement capabilities—play an increasingly strategic role as anticipatory agents embedded in complex knowledge and governance ecosystems. This conceptual study synthesizes existing literature to propose a comprehensive maturity model that outlines how universities can build and institutionalize AI-augmented AG capabilities. Drawing on a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed studies were analyzed through a combined Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) and Antecedents–Behavior–Consequences (ABC) at organizational level, analytical lens. The synthesis identifies four foundational pillars—(1) research and knowledge generation, (2) education and capacity building, (3) community engagement, and (4) policy influence—complemented by a fifth pillar focused on Responsible AI infrastructure and applied capabilities. The resulting five-stage maturity model illustrates how universities evolve from fragmented, ad hoc foresight initiatives toward fully institutionalized, AI-enabled systems of anticipatory learning, strategic intelligence, and decision-making. The study also discusses practical challenges, including funding constraints, leadership configurations, institutional path dependencies, and regional diversity, offering policy implications for strengthening university–government foresight interfaces. By integrating futures studies, anticipatory governance, and responsible AI, this article contributes a novel framework that positions universities as distributed hubs of anticipation within regional, national, and international governance ecosystems. In contexts such as emerging countries—where governmental resources for foresight, risk management, and long-term planning remain limited—universities can play a critical complementary role by offering anticipatory capacity, scientific legitimacy, and convening power. This study advances both scholarly understanding and institutional practice, presenting the first integrated framework connecting AG and AI in higher education, and providing a foundation for future empirical validation and cross-regional resilience and regeneration.
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