Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102333
Cooper A. Maher , Brittany E. Hayes , Ráchael A. Powers
Persons with disabilities who represent the largest marginalized group in the United States, face a significant risk of violent victimization, and experience worse consequences when victimized. Yet, few works have examined whether these findings extend to forms of victimization that does not require the victim and offender converge, such as identity theft. The study seeks to determine whether 1) persons with disabilities face a greater risk of multiple forms of identity theft victimization than their counterparts, and 2) whether persons with disabilities face worse emotional and physical consequences following identity theft victimization than their counterparts. Using data from the 2021 NCVS-Identity Theft Supplement, a nationally representative sample, risk and consequences of identity theft were examined across disaggregated forms of disability. Persons with cognitive and physical disabilities faced greater risk of all forms of identity theft. Victims with cognitive disabilities experienced worse emotional and physical consequences. Findings indicate the need for evidence-based prevention policies that are tailored towards individuals with disabilities and targeted intervention strategies for individuals with cognitive disabilities.
{"title":"Vulnerable identities? Examining the association between disability with risk and consequences of identity theft","authors":"Cooper A. Maher , Brittany E. Hayes , Ráchael A. Powers","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persons with disabilities who represent the largest marginalized group in the United States, face a significant risk of violent victimization, and experience worse consequences when victimized. Yet, few works have examined whether these findings extend to forms of victimization that does not require the victim and offender converge, such as identity theft. The study seeks to determine whether 1) persons with disabilities face a greater risk of multiple forms of identity theft victimization than their counterparts, and 2) whether persons with disabilities face worse emotional and physical consequences following identity theft victimization than their counterparts. Using data from the 2021 NCVS-Identity Theft Supplement, a nationally representative sample, risk and consequences of identity theft were examined across disaggregated forms of disability. Persons with cognitive and physical disabilities faced greater risk of all forms of identity theft. Victims with cognitive disabilities experienced worse emotional and physical consequences. Findings indicate the need for evidence-based prevention policies that are tailored towards individuals with disabilities and targeted intervention strategies for individuals with cognitive disabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313
Francesca A. Amaral , Charles E. Loeffler , Greg Ridgeway
Purpose
Using detailed case-level data on firearm arrests in Philadelphia, both before and after the formal adoption of progressive prosecution policies, this paper examines the multiple organizational channels through which progressive prosecution has been theorized to impact firearm prosecutions. These include direct policy impacts, indirect policy spillovers, returns from resource reallocation, and personnel changes.
Methods
To examine these effects throughout the life of a case, we combine descriptive and formal statistical models, including regression, proportional hazards models, and overlap indices.
Results
There is little evidence that high-profile progressive prosecution policies impacted initial charging decisions on gun prosecutions. Conversely, there is also no evidence that reprioritization away from non-violent offenses, at least in the short-term, increased the available resources to address gun cases. However, there is evidence that the arrival of progressive prosecution in Philadelphia led to a temporary decline in the experience of prosecutors working gun cases and that this change could at least partially explain an observed short-term increase in case dismissals and open cases.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest progressive prosecution, while not begun as an effort to impact gun prosecution, still may have impacted it, albeit to a much smaller extent than that observed for its focal priorities.
{"title":"Prosecutorial discretion not to invoke the criminal process and its impact on firearm cases","authors":"Francesca A. Amaral , Charles E. Loeffler , Greg Ridgeway","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Using detailed case-level data on firearm arrests in Philadelphia, both before and after the formal adoption of progressive prosecution policies, this paper examines the multiple organizational channels through which progressive prosecution has been theorized to impact firearm prosecutions. These include direct policy impacts, indirect policy spillovers, returns from resource reallocation, and personnel changes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To examine these effects throughout the life of a case, we combine descriptive and formal statistical models, including regression, proportional hazards models, and overlap indices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There is little evidence that high-profile progressive prosecution policies impacted initial charging decisions on gun prosecutions. Conversely, there is also no evidence that reprioritization away from non-violent offenses, at least in the short-term, increased the available resources to address gun cases. However, there is evidence that the arrival of progressive prosecution in Philadelphia led to a temporary decline in the experience of prosecutors working gun cases and that this change could at least partially explain an observed short-term increase in case dismissals and open cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest progressive prosecution, while not begun as an effort to impact gun prosecution, still may have impacted it, albeit to a much smaller extent than that observed for its focal priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316
Adam Lankford , Jason R. Silva
Background
Although an important subset of mass shooters has admitted copying previous shooters, there has been almost no empirical research on the similarities between mass shooting role models and their copycats. Such analysis is essential for understanding who is most susceptible to the influence of high-profile mass shooters and what behaviors they are likely to copy.
Methods
We first compiled all documented instances we could find globally of public mass shooters and active shooters becoming a role model for a copycat from 1966 to 2022 (n = 205) and calculated how often their risk profiles and behaviors were similar. Next, we ran simulated matches (n = 2000) and used binary logistic regression to test whether copycats were significantly more similar to their role models than to a random shooter.
Findings
Compared to a random shooter, copycat attackers were significantly closer to their role models in age and more likely to share the same sex, race, country, incident location type, and offender outcome. Nearly 80% of copycats attacked more than one year after their role model, and the average temporal gap was approximately eight years. Copycats averaged significantly fewer victims killed and wounded than their role models.
Conclusions
The risk that high-profile mass shooters influence copycat attackers persists for many years, with the most susceptible individuals sharing characteristics of the role model shooters themselves. These findings could be used to make media coverage of mass shootings safer and to inform triage and case prioritization for threat assessment and violence prevention.
{"title":"Similarities between copycat mass shooters and their role models: An empirical analysis with implications for threat assessment and violence prevention","authors":"Adam Lankford , Jason R. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although an important subset of mass shooters has admitted copying previous shooters, there has been almost no empirical research on the similarities between mass shooting role models and their copycats. Such analysis is essential for understanding who is most susceptible to the influence of high-profile mass shooters and what behaviors they are likely to copy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We first compiled all documented instances we could find globally of public mass shooters and active shooters becoming a role model for a copycat from 1966 to 2022 (<em>n</em> = 205) and calculated how often their risk profiles and behaviors were similar. Next, we ran simulated matches (<em>n</em> = 2000) and used binary logistic regression to test whether copycats were significantly more similar to their role models than to a random shooter.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Compared to a random shooter, copycat attackers were significantly closer to their role models in age and more likely to share the same sex, race, country, incident location type, and offender outcome. Nearly 80% of copycats attacked more than one year after their role model, and the average temporal gap was approximately eight years. Copycats averaged significantly fewer victims killed and wounded than their role models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The risk that high-profile mass shooters influence copycat attackers persists for many years, with the most susceptible individuals sharing characteristics of the role model shooters themselves. These findings could be used to make media coverage of mass shootings safer and to inform triage and case prioritization for threat assessment and violence prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318
Cooper A. Maher, Rachel M. Corsello, Timothy A. Engle, James D. Kuhlman, Joseph L. Nedelec
Victim service providers assist thousands of victims of crime in the United States each year. However, little is known about the extent to which these organizations serve victims of crime often perpetrated online, such as identity theft and financial fraud. Moreover, absent from the literature is an empirical assessment of what factors predict the inclusion of services for victims of these crimes. Using a sample from the 2019 National Survey of Victim Service Providers (n = 1649) the current study investigated factors related to the provision of services for victims of financial fraud and identity theft, and the number of victims served for each of these crime types. Findings suggested that certain organizational services such as providing restitution claim assistance and document replacement services were associated with greater odds providing services to financial fraud and identity theft victims. Organizational characteristics, such as having a hotline/chatline, the number of external partnerships, and the number of volunteers also predicted providing those services. The findings suggest the importance of logistical constraints on providing these services and are discussed in light of previous research on the topic, as well as policy implications and limitations.
{"title":"Correlates of victim services for fraud and identity theft among victim service providers","authors":"Cooper A. Maher, Rachel M. Corsello, Timothy A. Engle, James D. Kuhlman, Joseph L. Nedelec","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Victim service providers assist thousands of victims of crime in the United States each year. However, little is known about the extent to which these organizations serve victims of crime often perpetrated online, such as identity theft and financial fraud. Moreover, absent from the literature is an empirical assessment of what factors predict the inclusion of services for victims of these crimes. Using a sample from the 2019 National Survey of Victim Service Providers (<em>n</em> = 1649) the current study investigated factors related to the provision of services for victims of financial fraud and identity theft, and the number of victims served for each of these crime types. Findings suggested that certain organizational services such as providing restitution claim assistance and document replacement services were associated with greater odds providing services to financial fraud and identity theft victims. Organizational characteristics, such as having a hotline/chatline, the number of external partnerships, and the number of volunteers also predicted providing those services. The findings suggest the importance of logistical constraints on providing these services and are discussed in light of previous research on the topic, as well as policy implications and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102285
Lisa M. Dario, Gabriel T. Cesar, Kristina Jalbert, Frank de la Torre
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Quantifying the impact: From prevalence to harm in evaluating police misconduct” [Journal of Criminal Justice, Volume 93 (2024) 1–13]","authors":"Lisa M. Dario, Gabriel T. Cesar, Kristina Jalbert, Frank de la Torre","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321
David S. Lapsey Jr , Bradley A. Campbell , Amanda Goodson , Gennaro F. Vito , Alondra D. Garza , Cortney A. Franklin
Purpose
We evaluated and summarized the current literature on police sexual assault training. To do so, we examined the overall effects of police sexual assault training and assessed for potential moderating factors impacting training effectiveness.
Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis using robust variance estimation (RVE) to estimate the mean effects sizes and assess for potential moderating factors. Our sample included 294 effect sizes, 31 studies, and 22 independent datasets.
Results
Sexual assault training had a substantial impact across all outcomes, and was positively associated with improvements in officers' perceptions, hypothetical case processing decisions, content knowledge, and police behaviors. Analysis of long-term follow-up data found training effects remained robust and significant over time. In addition, training effects remained stable across moderator analyses.
Discussion
Findings reveal that sexual assault training programs of varying duration/dosage can significantly improve police perceptions, knowledge, and behavior. Evaluation research should continue to assess training through the use of rigorous research designs and with measures of police behavior. Ultimately, training has considerable utility for enhancing police response to sexual assault.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of sexual assault training on police officers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"David S. Lapsey Jr , Bradley A. Campbell , Amanda Goodson , Gennaro F. Vito , Alondra D. Garza , Cortney A. Franklin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We evaluated and summarized the current literature on police sexual assault training. To do so, we examined the overall effects of police sexual assault training and assessed for potential moderating factors impacting training effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a meta-analysis using robust variance estimation (RVE) to estimate the mean effects sizes and assess for potential moderating factors. Our sample included 294 effect sizes, 31 studies, and 22 independent datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sexual assault training had a substantial impact across all outcomes, and was positively associated with improvements in officers' perceptions, hypothetical case processing decisions, content knowledge, and police behaviors. Analysis of long-term follow-up data found training effects remained robust and significant over time. In addition, training effects remained stable across moderator analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Findings reveal that sexual assault training programs of varying duration/dosage can significantly improve police perceptions, knowledge, and behavior. Evaluation research should continue to assess training through the use of rigorous research designs and with measures of police behavior. Ultimately, training has considerable utility for enhancing police response to sexual assault.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310
Kristina Block , Eric J. Connolly
Juvenile youth are disproportionately more likely to experience head injury (HI), and HI is associated with reoffending. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which common symptoms of HI – such as sleep disturbance – condition this relationship. The current study uses prospective data to investigate within-individual changes in HI and reoffending and the moderating role of sleep disturbance on these associations across males and females. Data are drawn from the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a longitudinal sample of previously adjudicated juveniles. Random intercept cross-lagged models are estimated to assess within-individual changes in HI, violent offending, and nonviolent offending over a two-year period as well as the moderating role of sleep disturbance. Findings indicate that within-individual increases in HI are associated with within-individual increases in violent, but not nonviolent offending. The relation between HI and violent offending is stronger at higher levels of sleep disturbance for males, but not females. Taken together, the results suggest that relations between HI and offending are complex, with different mechanisms likely explaining associations across males and females.
青少年头部受伤(HI)的几率过高,而头部受伤又与重新犯罪有关。然而,目前人们对头部损伤的常见症状(如睡眠障碍)在多大程度上影响这种关系还知之甚少。本研究利用前瞻性数据,调查 HI 和重新犯罪在个体内部的变化,以及睡眠障碍对男性和女性之间这些关联的调节作用。数据来自西北青少年项目(NJP),该项目是对曾被判刑的青少年的纵向抽样调查。通过随机截距交叉滞后模型的估计,评估了两年内HI、暴力犯罪和非暴力犯罪的个体内部变化以及睡眠障碍的调节作用。研究结果表明,健康指数的个体内部增长与暴力犯罪的个体内部增长有关,但与非暴力犯罪无关。在睡眠障碍水平较高的情况下,男性 HI 与暴力犯罪之间的关系更为密切,而女性则不然。总之,研究结果表明,睡眠障碍与犯罪之间的关系是复杂的,可能有不同的机制来解释男性和女性之间的关系。
{"title":"Head injury, sleep disturbance, and delinquent offending: Evidence from a longitudinal sample of juvenile detainees","authors":"Kristina Block , Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Juvenile youth are disproportionately more likely to experience head injury (HI), and HI is associated with reoffending. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which common symptoms of HI – such as sleep disturbance – condition this relationship. The current study uses prospective data to investigate within-individual changes in HI and reoffending and the moderating role of sleep disturbance on these associations across males and females. Data are drawn from the Northwestern Juvenile Project (NJP), a longitudinal sample of previously adjudicated juveniles. Random intercept cross-lagged models are estimated to assess within-individual changes in HI, violent offending, and nonviolent offending over a two-year period as well as the moderating role of sleep disturbance. Findings indicate that within-individual increases in HI are associated with within-individual increases in violent, but not nonviolent offending. The relation between HI and violent offending is stronger at higher levels of sleep disturbance for males, but not females. Taken together, the results suggest that relations between HI and offending are complex, with different mechanisms likely explaining associations across males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102315
D. Michael Applegarth
Mental illness (MI) is prevalent among people who are incarcerated and under community supervision. Despite this, the nature of the relationship between MI and recidivism is yet to be fully understood. Using an administrative dataset from the state of Georgia (n = 24,046), this study examined the extent to which individuals with MI on parole have a greater likelihood of rearrest – over a three-year period – than individuals without MI. Across the sample, increased assessed risk (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI [1.12–1.16]) and increased positive drug tests (OR = 1.64, 95 % CI [1.42–1.91]) predicted a greater likelihood of rearrest. Increased time employed reduced the likelihood of rearrest (OR = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.35–0.44]). MI was associated with increased odds of being rearrested (OR = 1.17, 95 % CI [1.07–1.27]). MI was also found to moderate the relationships between both substance use and employment with being rearrested.
精神病(MI)在被监禁和接受社区监管的人群中十分普遍。尽管如此,人们对精神疾病与累犯之间关系的性质仍未充分了解。本研究利用佐治亚州的行政数据集(n = 24,046),研究了假释期间患有精神分裂症的人比没有精神分裂症的人在三年内再次被逮捕的可能性有多大。在所有样本中,评估风险的增加(OR = 1.14,95 % CI [1.12-1.16])和毒品检测阳性率的增加(OR = 1.64,95 % CI [1.42-1.91])预示着再次被捕的可能性更大。就业时间的增加会降低再次被捕的可能性(OR = 0.39,95 % CI [0.35-0.44])。MI 与再次被捕的几率增加有关(OR = 1.17,95 % CI [1.07-1.27])。研究还发现,吸毒和就业与再次被捕之间的关系中,不良嗜好也有缓和作用。
{"title":"Examining the connection between mental illness and recidivism for persons on parole","authors":"D. Michael Applegarth","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental illness (MI) is prevalent among people who are incarcerated and under community supervision. Despite this, the nature of the relationship between MI and recidivism is yet to be fully understood. Using an administrative dataset from the state of Georgia (<em>n</em> = 24,046), this study examined the extent to which individuals with MI on parole have a greater likelihood of rearrest – over a three-year period – than individuals without MI. Across the sample, increased assessed risk (<em>OR</em> = 1.14, 95 % CI [1.12–1.16]) and increased positive drug tests (<em>OR</em> = 1.64, 95 % CI [1.42–1.91]) predicted a greater likelihood of rearrest. Increased time employed reduced the likelihood of rearrest (<em>OR</em> = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.35–0.44]). MI was associated with increased odds of being rearrested (<em>OR</em> = 1.17, 95 % CI [1.07–1.27]). MI was also found to moderate the relationships between both substance use and employment with being rearrested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102319
Jonathan C. Reid
Do police-caused deaths predict presidential vote choice in the US? This study explores the relationship between lethal police violence and vote choice in the 2020 presidential election using individual-level data from Harvard University's Cooperative Election Study (CES), which has been linked with aggregate-level data on police killings, civilian homicide rates, and socioeconomic, political, and public health characteristics. Consistent with the issue ownership theory of voting, this study finds that voters living in areas characterized by lethal police violence are significantly more likely to vote for the Democratic Party above and beyond their individual-level attributes and other contextual conditions. These findings and supplemental analyses raise critical questions concerning the political salience of fatal force in presidential races in the post-2020 era. Findings also support the need for further criminological inquiry into the effects of different forms of violence on American political behavior.
{"title":"Vote choice in the context of lethal police violence: A research note","authors":"Jonathan C. Reid","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Do police-caused deaths predict presidential vote choice in the US? This study explores the relationship between lethal police violence and vote choice in the 2020 presidential election using individual-level data from Harvard University's Cooperative Election Study (CES), which has been linked with aggregate-level data on police killings, civilian homicide rates, and socioeconomic, political, and public health characteristics. Consistent with the issue ownership theory of voting, this study finds that voters living in areas characterized by lethal police violence are significantly more likely to vote for the Democratic Party above and beyond their individual-level attributes and other contextual conditions. These findings and supplemental analyses raise critical questions concerning the political salience of fatal force in presidential races in the post-2020 era. Findings also support the need for further criminological inquiry into the effects of different forms of violence on American political behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304
Jennifer Pankow , George W. Joe , Angela A. Robertson , Sheena K. Gardner , Larkin Street McReynolds , Megan F. Dickson , John P. Bartkowski , Nancy Arrigona , Pernilla Johansson , Elizabeth D. Joseph , Kate E. Krupka , Thomas B. Sease , Danica Kalling Knight
Purpose and method
The association between illegal activity and substance use (SU) is prominent in juvenile populations, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding about SU treatment as a strategy to reduce recidivism. Youth records (N = 9165) from 12 juvenile justice programs in JJ-TRIALS examined the impact of treatment on the relationship between treatment need and time to recidivism.
Results
The 4-step mediation analysis demonstrated: (1) treatment need significantly relates to time to recidivism (p < .0002); (2) treatment need positively predicts treatment length (p ≤ .0001); (3) treatment length positively predicts time to recidivism (p < .0001); and (4), full mediation. Specifically, more treatment significantly predicted a longer time to recidivism such that youth with an identified need receiving treatment (Group A) had a longer time to recidivism than youth with a treatment need who did not receive services (Group B). A survival distribution curve illustrates that 14 % of youth in Group A had a recidivism event during the study, compared to 98 % of youth in Group B.
Conclusions
Outcomes point to the benefit of expanded treatment services for youth in juvenile justice. Services include early identification of treatment needs, treatment referrals, and treatment receipt to reduce recidivism risk.
{"title":"Effects of substance use treatment on recidivism for youth in need of treatment","authors":"Jennifer Pankow , George W. Joe , Angela A. Robertson , Sheena K. Gardner , Larkin Street McReynolds , Megan F. Dickson , John P. Bartkowski , Nancy Arrigona , Pernilla Johansson , Elizabeth D. Joseph , Kate E. Krupka , Thomas B. Sease , Danica Kalling Knight","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose and method</h3><div>The association between illegal activity and substance use (SU) is prominent in juvenile populations, underscoring the importance of gaining a better understanding about SU treatment as a strategy to reduce recidivism. Youth records (<em>N</em> = 9165) from 12 juvenile justice programs in JJ-TRIALS examined the impact of treatment on the relationship between treatment need and time to recidivism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 4-step mediation analysis demonstrated: (1) treatment need significantly relates to time to recidivism (<em>p</em> < .0002); (2) treatment need positively predicts treatment length (<em>p</em> ≤ .0001); (3) treatment length positively predicts time to recidivism (<em>p</em> < .0001); and (4), full mediation. Specifically, more treatment significantly predicted a longer time to recidivism such that youth with an identified need receiving treatment (Group A) had a longer time to recidivism than youth with a treatment need who did not receive services (Group B). A survival distribution curve illustrates that 14 % of youth in Group A had a recidivism event during the study, compared to 98 % of youth in Group B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Outcomes point to the benefit of expanded treatment services for youth in juvenile justice. Services include early identification of treatment needs, treatment referrals, and treatment receipt to reduce recidivism risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48272,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Criminal Justice","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}