Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第6页

Help-seeking behaviors of stalking victims: Integrating machine learning and regression approaches to examine how victimization consequences shape victims' decisions 跟踪受害者的求助行为：整合机器学习和回归方法来研究受害后果如何影响受害者的决定

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102554

Auzeen Shariati , Fariba Allahyoorti Dehaghi , Ali Amini

We examined how the consequences of stalking victimization shape victims' help-seeking behaviors, using the 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey, Supplemental Victimization data. We analyzed three distinct help-seeking outcomes: (a) reporting to police, (b) help-seeking from victim-serving agencies, and (c) help-seeking from personal networks. Logistic regression models assessed the statistical significance of individual predictors, while our non-parametric Machine Learning approach evaluated their predictive power and captured non-linear patterns. Regression results revealed that substantial emotional distress significantly increased the likelihood of all three help-seeking behaviors. Health, social, and financial problems increased the likelihood of network help-seeking, while social problems were associated with lower odds of police reporting. Machine learning identified financial problems, emotional distress, and health problems as the most predictive features for police reporting, agency help-seeking, and network help-seeking, respectively. These findings underscore the multidimensional nature of victimization consequences and the value of combining traditional statistical inference with machine learning to better understand victim decision-making.

我们使用2019年全国犯罪受害调查补充受害数据，研究了跟踪受害的后果如何影响受害者的寻求帮助行为。我们分析了三种不同的求助结果：(a)向警方报告，(b)从受害者服务机构寻求帮助，(c)从个人网络寻求帮助。逻辑回归模型评估了个体预测因子的统计显著性，而我们的非参数机器学习方法评估了它们的预测能力并捕获了非线性模式。回归结果显示，严重的情绪困扰显著增加了所有三种求助行为的可能性。健康、社会和经济问题增加了网络寻求帮助的可能性，而社会问题与警察报告的可能性较低有关。机器学习分别将财务问题、情绪困扰和健康问题确定为警察报告、机构求助和网络求助最具预测性的特征。这些发现强调了受害后果的多维性，以及将传统统计推断与机器学习相结合以更好地理解受害者决策的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of social motives of clients and staff on the social climate of secure settings 顾客和员工的社会动机对安全环境社会氛围的影响

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102538

Andrea Canel , Marc Graf , Christian Huber , Jérôme Endrass , Nathalie Brackmann

The social climate of secure settings plays a critical role in correctional rehabilitation, yet little is known about how interpersonal dynamics between clients and staff shape these environments. This study investigated the influence of interpersonal motives on perceptions of social climate in correctional facilities and forensic psychiatric hospitals in Switzerland. Interpersonal motives are preferences for certain interpersonal outcomes or modes of reactions along the dimensions of dominance and affiliation. Data were collected from 442 participants (369 clients, 73 staff) across six institutions using validated self-report and observer-rated measures. Multilevel modeling was used to assess individual and institutional-level predictors of three key social climate dimensions: Experienced Safety, Resident Cohesion, and Therapeutic Hold. For clients, higher levels of affiliative motives, both self-reported and perceived in staff, consistently predicted more positive perceptions of the social climate across all dimensions. In contrast, dominance-related motives showed no significant associations. Staff members' perceptions of social climate were more strongly shaped by institutional context, though perceiving clients as affiliative was linked to higher ratings of Resident Cohesion and the social climate overall. Individual affiliative motives also predicted stronger perceptions of Therapeutic Hold among staff. These findings underscore the relevance of everyday relational dynamics—particularly affiliative behaviors—in promoting safe, cohesive, and rehabilitative environments. The study highlights the reciprocal nature of staff-client relationships and the need to train and support frontline staff in cultivating prosocial, compassionate interactions. Understanding how interpersonal motives shape climate perceptions provides valuable insights for improving correctional outcomes and working conditions in secure settings.

安全环境的社会氛围在矫正康复中起着至关重要的作用，但很少有人知道客户和员工之间的人际动态如何塑造这些环境。本研究调查了人际动机对瑞士惩教设施和法医精神病院社会气候感知的影响。人际动机是对某些人际结果的偏好或沿支配和隶属维度的反应模式。使用有效的自我报告和观察者评价措施，从六个机构的442名参与者（369名客户，73名员工）中收集数据。多层模型用于评估个人和机构层面的三个关键社会气候维度的预测因素：经验安全、居民凝聚力和治疗Hold。对于客户而言，更高水平的隶属动机（无论是自我报告的还是员工感知的）始终预示着在所有维度上对社会氛围的更积极的看法。相比之下，与优势相关的动机没有显著的关联。工作人员对社会气候的看法更强烈地受到制度背景的影响，尽管认为客户具有从属关系与居民凝聚力和整体社会气候的较高评级有关。员工的个人附属动机也预示着更强的治疗Hold观念。这些发现强调了日常关系动态——尤其是附属行为——在促进安全、凝聚力和康复环境中的相关性。该研究强调了员工与客户关系的互惠性质，以及培训和支持一线员工培养亲社会、富有同情心的互动的必要性。了解人际动机如何影响气候感知，为改善安全环境中的惩教结果和工作条件提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

“Not all convenience stores are equal”. An analysis of the criminogenic role of corner Stores in Newark, NJ “不是所有的便利店都是一样的”。新泽西州纽瓦克街角商店致犯罪作用分析

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102552

Marco Dugato , Alejandro Giménez-Santana , Adriana Santos , Joel M. Caplan , Leslie W. Kennedy

This study investigates the spatial relationship between corner stores and crime in Newark, New Jersey, to assess whether these venues play a distinct criminogenic role compared to other businesses. Although previous literature has often treated convenience stores as a homogeneous risk category, we hypothesize that corner stores exert a unique influence on crime patterns. Using crime data for 2022, this paper aims to investigate how the distribution of gun violence, robberies, and aggravated assaults is spatially connected to proximity to corner stores in comparison with other similar venues, like convenience stores, pharmacies, retail stores, restaurants, or gas stations, and how these associations are influenced by neighborhood characteristics and temporal variables. Our findings reveal that crime is significantly concentrated around corner stores, and that this association is stronger for gun violence and aggravated assaults than for robberies. Interaction effects suggest that neighborhood characteristics shape the degree and nature of crime around these stores. Further, crime persists around corner stores during both day and night, implying mechanisms beyond mere business hours. The study underscores the need to disaggregate place-based risk assessments and to differentiate interventions considering both micro-place features and broader contexts. These insights have implications for crime prevention, urban planning, and community safety policies.

本研究调查了新泽西州纽瓦克街角商店与犯罪之间的空间关系，以评估这些场所与其他商业相比是否起着独特的犯罪作用。虽然以前的文献经常将便利店视为同质的风险类别，但我们假设街角商店对犯罪模式产生独特的影响。利用2022年的犯罪数据，本文旨在调查与便利店、药店、零售店、餐馆或加油站等其他类似场所相比，枪支暴力、抢劫和严重袭击的分布在空间上如何与街角商店的邻近性联系起来，以及这些联系如何受到社区特征和时间变量的影响。我们的研究结果表明，犯罪主要集中在街角的商店附近，而且这种关联在枪支暴力和严重袭击事件中比在抢劫中更强。互动效应表明，社区特征决定了这些商店周围犯罪的程度和性质。此外，无论白天还是晚上，街角商店附近的犯罪活动都在持续，这意味着犯罪活动超出了营业时间。该研究强调需要分解基于地方的风险评估，并区分考虑微观地方特征和更广泛背景的干预措施。这些见解对预防犯罪、城市规划和社区安全政策具有启示意义。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of female representation in law enforcement on victim-centered practices and victim cooperation 女性执法代表对以受害者为中心的实践和受害者合作的影响

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102545

Rachael M. Rief, Alessa S. Juárez

This study examines how female representation in law enforcement affects victim-centric policies and cooperation, whether agencies with more female officers are more likely to have victim services and domestic violence units and reduce exceptional clearance due to victim non-cooperation. Using Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics datasets and the 2020 National Incident Based Reporting System dataset, we analyzed whether agency characteristics predicted victim non-cooperation in a sample of incidents involving nearly 1,000,000 assault and rape victims and about 2700 agencies. Logistic regression results show that agencies with 30 % or more female officers are significantly more likely to have victim services and domestic violence units than agencies with less than 30 %. However, multi-level logistic regression reveals that higher female presence may not impact victim cooperation when considering other victim and agency characteristics. Findings suggest increased female representation provide tangible benefits for victim-centric policies and practices but fall short of affecting victim cooperation.

本研究考察了执法部门中的女性代表如何影响以受害者为中心的政策和合作，以及拥有更多女性官员的机构是否更有可能拥有受害者服务和家庭暴力部门，并减少因受害者不合作而导致的特殊许可。利用执法管理和行政统计数据集和2020年国家事件报告系统数据集，我们分析了机构特征是否预测了受害者不合作的事件样本，涉及近100万名袭击和强奸受害者和大约2700个机构。逻辑回归结果显示，拥有30%或更多女性官员的机构比女性官员少于30%的机构更有可能拥有受害者服务和家庭暴力部门。然而，多层次逻辑回归显示，当考虑到其他受害者和代理特征时，较高的女性存在可能不会影响受害者的合作。调查结果表明，增加女性代表为以受害者为中心的政策和做法提供了切实的好处，但未能影响受害者的合作。

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引用次数: 0

A longitudinal qualitative analysis of probation and parole officer stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间缓刑和假释官压力和倦怠的纵向定性分析

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102547

Makayla Butler , Lucas M. Alward , Ashley Lockwood , Jill Viglione

Purpose

This study examined the sources of PPOs' feelings of occupational stress and burnout during the pandemic, including whether their stress and burnout levels changed over time.

Methods

Using three waves of semi-structured qualitative interviews with American PPOs, the current study examined: 1) the main sources of PPO stress and burnout, including how officers' experiences changed over time, and 2) the strategies or coping mechanisms PPOs used to manage their well-being over time.

Results

Findings from thematic analysis revealed that most PPOs were not initially stressed during the onset of the pandemic; however, inconsistent messaging and limited organizational support contributed to the rise of stress and burnout over time. Findings also indicated that when agencies implemented policies that supported PPOs' ability to work from home, such adjustments served as key coping mechanisms.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of remote policies and organizational support, facilitated through communication and technology assistance, to mitigate supervisory duties and enhance officer well-being.

目的本研究考察了大流行期间PPOs职业压力和倦怠感的来源，包括他们的压力和倦怠水平是否随时间而变化。方法本研究采用三波半结构化定性访谈对美国警务人员进行调查，探讨了警务人员压力和职业倦怠的主要来源，包括警务人员的经历如何随时间变化，以及警务人员长期管理其幸福感的策略或应对机制。结果：专题分析的结果表明，在大流行开始时，大多数ppo最初没有受到重视；然而，随着时间的推移，不一致的信息传递和有限的组织支持导致了压力和倦怠的增加。调查结果还表明，当各机构实施支持私人pos在家工作能力的政策时，这种调整就成为关键的应对机制。本研究强调了远程政策和组织支持的潜力，通过通信和技术援助促进，减轻监督职责，提高官员福利。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Is the Static-99R valid for all men with ‘identifiable’ victims? Examining cases of online sexual solicitation of children” [Journal of Criminal Justice 97 (2025) 102358] “Static-99R是否对所有有‘可识别’受害者的男性有效？”网络儿童性引诱案件审查[j] .刑事司法杂志97(2025)102358。

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102533

Sarah Paquette , Angela W. Eke , Shelby Scott , Jean-Pierre Guay , Manon Duval , Francis Fortin , Michael C. Seto , Yves Paradis

引用次数: 0

Parole outcomes in a developmental context: The interplay of age at offense and rehabilitation 发展背景下的假释结果：犯罪年龄与康复年龄的相互作用

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102546

Meghan Koza, Stuti S. Kokkalera

Prior research on parole board decision-making indicates that clear demonstrations of rehabilitative efforts are salient in deciding if a candidate will receive parole. In the United States, roughly one-third of all individuals serving life sentences are under the age of 25 (Nellis & Barry, 2025). Several U.S. Supreme Court decisions and state appellate courts have designated juvenile lifers as a protected constitutional class due to their reduced culpability and unique rehabilitative potential. However, there is no consensus about whether age at the time of the sentencing offense and rehabilitative program participation jointly influence the decision to release. This study aims to identify if the possibility of parole release differs among juvenile, emerging adult, and adult lifers based on rehabilitative program participation, and if so, if any specific program type is driving this difference. To do so, data derived from written parole hearing decisions for 648 parole candidates in one state who had hearings between 2017 and 2024 are analyzed. Logistic regression results show that while age at the time of offense may not be a significant predictor, participation in rehabilitative programs is associated with an increased likelihood of release, particularly programs that have practical implications for successful reentry. How parole boards perceive rehabilitative efforts through program participation while incarcerated, particularly for those who were juveniles or emerging adults at the time of the offense, has policy and practical implications as they influence parole candidates' likelihood of release.

先前对假释委员会决策的研究表明，在决定候选人是否获得假释时，明确的康复努力是显着的。在美国，大约三分之一被判无期徒刑的人年龄在25岁以下（neellis & Barry, 2025）。美国最高法院和州上诉法院的几项判决都将少年犯定为受宪法保护的群体，因为他们的罪责较轻，而且具有独特的改造潜力。然而，对于判决犯罪时的年龄和参与改造项目是否会共同影响释放的决定，目前还没有达成共识。本研究的目的是确定是否假释的可能性在青少年，新成人和成年囚犯之间存在差异，基于康复项目的参与，如果是这样，是否有任何特定的项目类型驱动这种差异。为此，研究人员分析了2017年至2024年在一个州举行听证会的648名假释候选人的书面假释听证会决定的数据。逻辑回归结果显示，虽然犯罪时的年龄可能不是一个重要的预测因素，但参与康复项目与释放的可能性增加有关，特别是那些对成功重返社会有实际意义的项目。假释委员会如何看待在监禁期间通过项目参与的改造努力，特别是对那些在犯罪时是青少年或刚成年的人，具有政策和实际意义，因为它们影响假释候选人释放的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring the uniquely painful incarceration experiences of LGB+ and trans people and the implications for mental health 测量LGB+和跨性别者独特的痛苦监禁经历及其对心理健康的影响

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102530

Skyler Morgan , Kayla Freemon , Andrea N. Montes , Joshua C. Cochran

Understanding the uniquely painful incarceration experiences for LGB+ and transgender people is important because it can inform theory, research, and policy aimed at reducing harms. The current study expands upon Sykes' pains of imprisonment framework to compare the incarceration experiences of LGB+ and heterosexual people and, separately, the experiences of transgender and cisgender people. We use the National Inmate Survey, a nationally representative survey, to identify the pains more likely to be experienced by LGB+ and trans people and the impact these pains have on serious psychological distress. We find that LGB+ and trans people report experiencing more pains of imprisonment, including a hostile institutional environment, solitary confinement placements, lack of social support, and sexual victimization from other incarcerated people and staff. The analyses reveal limited social support to be a key factor predicting serious psychological distress for LGB+ incarcerated people. The findings demonstrate a need for more research examining the experiences of LGB+ and trans people in carceral settings and the urgency for policy that provides social and mental health support.

了解LGB+和跨性别者独特的痛苦监禁经历很重要，因为它可以为旨在减少伤害的理论、研究和政策提供信息。本研究在Sykes的监禁之痛框架的基础上进行扩展，比较LGB+人群和异性恋人群的监禁经历，并分别比较跨性别人群和易性人群的监禁经历。我们使用全国囚犯调查，一项具有全国代表性的调查，来确定LGB+和变性人更可能经历的痛苦，以及这些痛苦对严重心理困扰的影响。我们发现，LGB+和跨性别者报告说，他们经历了更多的监禁痛苦，包括敌对的机构环境、单独监禁安置、缺乏社会支持，以及来自其他被监禁人员和工作人员的性侵害。分析表明，有限的社会支持是预测LGB+在押人员严重心理困扰的关键因素。研究结果表明，有必要对LGB+和跨性别者在监狱环境中的经历进行更多的研究，并迫切需要制定提供社会和心理健康支持的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Conditional revitalization: Immigration, disadvantage, and crime in divergent social worlds 有条件的振兴：不同社会世界中的移民、劣势和犯罪

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102549

Calvin Proffit

The immigrant revitalization thesis has served as the guiding framework for understanding why immigration often protects communities from various forms of crime and violence. While it is well established that immigrants often settle in disadvantaged communities, foundational research spearheaded by Lauren Krivo and Ruth Peterson shows disadvantage fundamentally alters how community context matters. Thus, it is possible that immigration may serve as a strong revitalizing force in extremely disadvantaged communities, whereas its effects may be less pronounced in communities facing low-moderate levels of disadvantage. This study examines within-community change in Chicago's 77 Community Areas (2008–2021) using fixed-effects models to assess how immigration-crime relationships vary across neighborhoods with different levels of disadvantage. It also explores how revitalization mechanisms function differently in varying contexts of disadvantage. Findings suggest immigration effects and the revitalization process are conditioned by contexts of disadvantage.

移民振兴理论已经成为理解为什么移民经常保护社区免受各种形式的犯罪和暴力的指导框架。虽然众所周知，移民往往定居在弱势社区，但由劳伦·克里沃（Lauren Krivo）和露丝·彼得森（Ruth Peterson）牵头的基础研究表明，弱势群体从根本上改变了社区背景的重要性。因此，移民有可能在极度弱势的社区中发挥强大的振兴力量，而在面临中低劣势的社区中，其影响可能不那么明显。本研究考察了芝加哥77个社区区域（2008-2021年）的社区内变化，使用固定效应模型来评估移民-犯罪关系在不同弱势社区之间的差异。本文还探讨了振兴机制在不同劣势背景下的不同作用。研究结果表明，移民效应和振兴过程受到不利环境的制约。

引用次数: 0

Defund vs. refund: The role of funding in police reform in the U.S. 撤资与退款：资金在美国警察改革中的作用

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102550

Ahmet Guler , Sedat Kula , Kaan Boke

This study empirically investigates the socio-psychological, contextual, and demographic factors influencing individual support for defunding and refunding the police. Using survey data from the northeastern U.S., the study tests eight hypotheses within a structural equation modeling framework. The analysis finds that confidence in police is positively associated with support for refunding the police but is not significantly associated with support for defunding. Willingness to collaborate with police is negatively associated with support for defunding and positively associated with support for refunding. In addition, willingness to collaborate mediates the relationship between confidence in police and both defunding and refunding attitudes. Moreover, the perceived need for police reform mediates the relationship between confidence in police and support for defunding but does not mediate the relationship between confidence in police and support for refunding. Among demographic and contextual variables, age, education, household income, and television consumption significantly predict funding preferences, while political ideology, race, sex, newspaper readership, and social media usage do not. These findings highlight the complex interplay of individual perceptions and demographic factors in shaping public opinion on police reform through funding preferences. Policy implications and future research directions are discussed.

本研究实证调查了社会心理、背景和人口因素对警察撤资和退款的个人支持的影响。利用来自美国东北部的调查数据，该研究在结构方程模型框架内测试了8个假设。分析发现，对警察的信心与支持警察退款呈正相关，但与支持撤资不显着相关。与警方合作的意愿与支持撤资负相关，与支持退款正相关。此外，合作意愿调节了对警察的信心与撤资和退款态度之间的关系。此外，感知到的警察改革需要调解警察信心与支持撤资之间的关系，但不调解警察信心与支持撤资之间的关系。在人口统计和背景变量中，年龄、教育程度、家庭收入和电视消费显著地预测了资金偏好，而政治意识形态、种族、性别、报纸读者和社交媒体使用则没有。这些发现突出了个人观念和人口因素之间复杂的相互作用，影响了公众对通过资金偏好进行警察改革的看法。讨论了政策影响和未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0