Journal of Criminal Justice最新文献_第3页

Minority threat and social context: Global value chains and the carceral effect of ethnic polarization in rich democracies 少数民族威胁和社会背景：富裕民主国家的全球价值链和种族两极分化的总体效应

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2026.102595

Manjing Gao , Sharon S. Oselin , Matthew C. Mahutga

Integrating minority threat theory with the political economy of globalization, this study theorizes and empirically tests how macrostructural changes via global value chains (GVCs) shape the carceral consequences of rising ethnic polarization in rich democracies. GVC integration should increase economic insecurity, activate and escalate latent racial and ethnic tensions, intensify dominant groups' perceptions of minority threat, and shift state strategies toward more punitive forms of social control. Thus, ethnic polarization should more strongly increase incarceration rates in countries more deeply integrated into GVCs. Using panel data from 20 countries and fixed-effects models, we examine how GVC integration moderates the relationship between within-country changes in ethnic polarization and incarceration rates. Our findings provide strong evidence that GVC integration amplifies the positive effect of ethnic polarization on incarceration. We conclude by reflecting on the broader implications of these findings for understanding the intersection of globalization, ethnic polarization, and incarceration.

本研究将少数民族威胁理论与全球化的政治经济学相结合，对全球价值链（GVCs）的宏观结构变化如何影响富裕民主国家种族两极分化加剧的严重后果进行了理论分析和实证检验。全球价值链整合会增加经济不安全感，激活和升级潜在的种族和民族紧张关系，强化主导群体对少数民族威胁的感知，并将国家战略转向更具惩罚性的社会控制形式。因此，在更深地融入全球价值链的国家，种族两极分化应该会更强烈地增加监禁率。利用来自20个国家的面板数据和固定效应模型，我们研究了全球价值链整合如何调节国家内部种族极化变化与监禁率之间的关系。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的证据，证明全球价值链整合放大了种族极化对监禁的积极影响。最后，我们反思了这些发现对理解全球化、种族两极化和监禁的交集的更广泛的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Does carnival contribute to crime? Examining the spatiotemporal effects of Mardi Gras on New Orleans Crime Trends (2012–2024) 嘉年华会助长犯罪吗？狂欢节对新奥尔良犯罪趋势的时空影响研究（2012-2024）

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102580

Nick Petersen , Patrick Rafail , Xiaojin Chen

While criminologists have long been interested in how crime varies across space and time, only recently have studies examined how these dynamics intersect to shape crime patterns surrounding mega public events and venues, such as sporting events or concerts. Although this research has generated critical insights into crime patterns surrounding somewhat temporally and geographically discrete public events, we know less about how long-lasting and more spatially distributed public events that draw in droves of tourists to a city, such as Carnival in New Orleans, influence crime. Drawing on routine activities and crime-pattern theories, we use Carnival in New Orleans as a case study for larger issues of crime, tourism, and public events. Employing negative binomial regressions to analyze publicly available data, we assess the temporal (parade days) and spatial (distance to parade routes) effects of Carnival season on daily neighborhood crime patterns from 2012 to 2024 (N = 1,364,330). Compared to non-parade days or parade days earlier in the Carnival season, estimates reveal significant increases in crime rates during Mardi Gras weekend when tourists most often visit New Orleans, particularly in neighborhoods closest to parade routes. Conversely, crime is displaced in New Orleans during Mardi Gras weekend, with neighborhoods farther from parade routes experiencing significant declines in crime. These findings have important theoretical and policy implications for our understanding of crime and mega public events/venues, highlighting the role of tourism in shaping spatiotemporal crime trends.

虽然犯罪学家长期以来一直对犯罪在空间和时间上的变化感兴趣，但直到最近才有研究调查这些动态是如何交叉影响大型公共活动和场所（如体育赛事或音乐会）周围的犯罪模式的。尽管这项研究对围绕在某种时间上和地理上离散的公共活动的犯罪模式产生了重要的见解，但我们对吸引成群结队的游客到一个城市的公共活动（如新奥尔良的狂欢节）如何影响犯罪所知甚少。根据日常活动和犯罪模式理论，我们将新奥尔良狂欢节作为犯罪、旅游和公共活动等更大问题的案例研究。采用负二项回归分析公开数据，我们评估了2012年至2024年嘉年华季节对社区日常犯罪模式的时间（游行天数）和空间（到游行路线的距离）影响（N = 1,364,330）。据估计，与狂欢节期间的非游行日或游行提前几天相比，狂欢节期间的犯罪率显著上升，这是游客最常访问新奥尔良的时候，尤其是在离游行路线最近的社区。相反，在狂欢节周末期间，新奥尔良的犯罪活动被转移，远离游行路线的社区犯罪率显著下降。这些发现对我们理解犯罪和大型公共活动/场所具有重要的理论和政策意义，突出了旅游业在塑造时空犯罪趋势方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Pathways to sexual aggression according to modus operandi in male and female perpetrators: A systematic review 根据男性和女性犯罪者的作案手法，性侵犯的途径：系统回顾

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102567

Jean Proulx , Alexandre Gauthier , Etienne Garant , Stéphanie Langevin , Tamsin Higgs , Jonathan James , Frédéric Ouellet

Over the last 40 years, studies have been carried out to investigate the pathways to sexual aggression. However, the heterogeneity of these pathways across studies remains unspecified, due to the use of diverse terminology. Consequently, the aim of the current systematic review was to investigate these pathways in various offender categories. A search of 21 online databases identified 29,218 candidate studies, of which 23 specifically examined pathways to sexual aggression. These pathways include developmental, personality, lifestyle, disinhibitor, and modus operandi characteristics. In the 23 studies, which used a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, we found 7 prototypical pathways. Some are specific to one category of sexual aggressor (e.g., the sadistic pathway in adult male perpetrators having adult female victims) and others are found in all categories of aggressors (e.g., escaping negative mood). These results support the view that internal (e.g., psychopathy, deviant sexual fantasies) and external (e.g., victim resistance) constraints interact in a limited number of ways, and so give rise to only a limited number of prototypical pathways to sexual aggression.

在过去的40年里，人们进行了研究，调查性侵犯的途径。然而，由于使用了不同的术语，这些途径在研究中的异质性仍未明确。因此，目前系统审查的目的是调查这些途径在不同的罪犯类别。对21个在线数据库的搜索确定了29218个候选研究，其中23个专门研究了性侵犯的途径。这些途径包括发育、个性、生活方式、去抑制剂和作案手法特征。在使用各种定量和定性方法的23项研究中，我们发现了7种典型途径。有些特定于某一类性侵犯者（例如，成年男性犯罪者有成年女性受害者的虐待狂途径），而另一些则存在于所有类别的侵犯者中（例如，逃避负面情绪）。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即内部约束（如精神病、异常性幻想）和外部约束（如受害者抵抗）以有限的方式相互作用，因此只能产生有限数量的性侵犯的典型途径。

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引用次数: 0

Crime reductions after enhanced implementation of Washington state's domestic violence protection order firearm relinquishment law 在加强实施华盛顿州家庭暴力保护令枪支放弃法后，犯罪率下降

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102591

Alice M. Ellyson , Julie Kafka , Avanti Adhia , Sandra Shanahan , Deirdre Bowen , Ali Rowhani-Rahbar

Federal law and many state laws prohibit certain individuals who are restrained by Domestic Violence Protection Orders (DVPO) from possessing or purchasing a firearm. In addition to reducing the risk of harm to individuals protected by these orders, these laws and their implementation may also help improve public safety. This study examined the impact of enhanced implementation of Washington state's law requiring firearm relinquishment by individuals restrained by DVPOs on subsequent alleged criminal behavior. We assessed efforts of the Regional Domestic Violence Firearms Enforcement Unit (RDVFEU), a regional unit that investigates high risk firearm cases, including civil protection orders that require the restrained person to relinquish firearms with a primary goal of harm reduction in this context. The unit does outreach to protected parties, conducts threat assessments, shares relevant information with law enforcement to ensure swift follow up, resolves issues on court orders, and provides comprehensive firearm access and possession information to relevant courts. We examined the effect of the unit on crime, measured using arrests for reported crimes as a proxy for actual crime, for each restrained person by deterministically and probabilistically linking individuals to statewide administrative criminal history data. We used an intent-to-treat design to compare both incidence and severity of crime committed by restrained individuals in the 24 months following DVPO issuance by estimating Cox proportional hazard regressions, competing events regressions, and Winratio tests. We found the work of the RDVFEU related to Washington's firearm relinquishment law reduced crime among DVPO respondents by 27 percentage points. RDVFEU implementation also contributed to reductions in the severity of crimes when they occurred.

联邦法律和许多州法律禁止某些受家庭暴力保护令（DVPO）限制的个人拥有或购买枪支。除了减少受这些命令保护的个人受到伤害的风险外，这些法律及其实施也可能有助于改善公共安全。这项研究调查了华盛顿州法律的加强实施对被dvpo限制的个人放弃枪支的影响，对随后的涉嫌犯罪行为。我们评估了区域家庭暴力枪支执法单位（RDVFEU）的努力，这是一个调查高风险枪支案件的区域单位，包括民事保护令，要求受限制的人放弃枪支，在这种情况下，主要目标是减少伤害。该部门与受保护的各方进行联系，进行威胁评估，与执法部门分享相关信息，以确保迅速跟进，解决法院命令问题，并向相关法院提供全面的枪支获取和持有信息。我们检查了该单位对犯罪的影响，用逮捕报告的犯罪作为实际犯罪的代理来衡量，每个被限制的人通过确定性和概率性地将个人与全州的行政犯罪历史数据联系起来。我们采用意向治疗设计，通过估计Cox比例风险回归、竞争事件回归和Winratio检验，比较DVPO签发后24个月内受约束个体的犯罪发生率和严重程度。我们发现，RDVFEU与华盛顿枪支放弃法相关的工作使DVPO受访者的犯罪率降低了27个百分点。在犯罪发生时，实施该措施也有助于减少犯罪的严重程度。

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引用次数: 0

Business environment ecology and crime: A robust test across 182 cities 商业环境、生态与犯罪：182个城市的稳健测试

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102568

John R. Hipp , Cheyenne Hodgen

Studies assessing the question of how certain types of business establishments are related to the level of crime on blocks typically do not account for the general business context of those blocks. The present study extends one previous study that did so by using a large sample of blocks across 182 cities in the U.S. We assess whether measuring the general business context of blocks as three broad categories of businesses—consumer-facing businesses, blue-collar businesses, and white-collar businesses—along with the heterogeneity of consumer businesses on a block can explain where crime occurs. The study finds that these four measures explain much of the variation in crime due to businesses across blocks. Furthermore, whereas 12 specific types of businesses exhibit strong relationships with crime when not accounting for this business context, their relationships with crime greatly diminish, or completely evaporate, once accounting for the general business context. Finally, blocks with more consumer business heterogeneity have higher levels of crime, and this relationship is stronger in small population cities and in low population areas.

评估某些类型的商业机构与街区犯罪水平之间关系的研究通常没有考虑到这些街区的一般商业环境。目前的研究扩展了之前的一项研究，该研究使用了美国182个城市的大量街区样本。我们评估了将街区的一般商业环境作为三大类企业——面向消费者的企业、蓝领企业和白领企业——以及街区消费企业的异质性是否可以解释犯罪发生的地方。研究发现，这四项指标在很大程度上解释了街区间商业活动造成的犯罪差异。此外，尽管12种特定类型的企业在不考虑这种商业环境时与犯罪表现出强烈的关系，但一旦考虑到一般商业环境，它们与犯罪的关系就会大大减弱，甚至完全消失。最后，消费业务异质性越强的街区犯罪水平越高，这种关系在人口较少的城市和人口较少的地区更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing judicial responses of judges to stalking in South Korea: A focal concerns perspective 评估韩国法官对跟踪行为的司法反应：焦点关注视角

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102593

Hyeseon Noh , Soojung Lee , John Burrow

Stalking did not attract much attention in South Korea until two homicides motivated by stalking occurred in 2016 and 2021. These two events spurred calls for anti-stalking legislation that would better protect victims. With the passage of the Act on the Punishment of Crime of Stalking in 2021 (the Act), South Korea took an important step forward. However, we have no knowledge of its effectiveness. This study attempts to fill gaps in our knowledge about stalking by focusing on defendants who have been adjudicated and found guilty in the District Court of South Korea. Through the focal concerns theoretical lens, we examine 465 stalking cases adjudicated by the District Court of South Korea to better understand the sentencing outcomes of stalking defendants. The findings suggest District Court judges are equally likely to use incarceration for both idiosyncratic and spatial stalking cases. Several important legal and theoretical considerations will be discussed.

在2016年和2021年发生两起由跟踪引起的凶杀案之前，跟踪在韩国并没有引起太多关注。这两起事件促使人们呼吁制定反跟踪立法，以更好地保护受害者。韩国在2021年通过了《跟踪犯罪处罚法》（以下简称《法》），迈出了重要的一步。然而，我们不知道它的有效性。本研究试图通过关注在韩国地方法院被判有罪的被告来填补我们对跟踪的知识空白。本文通过焦点关注的理论视角，分析了韩国地方法院审理的465起缠扰案件，以期更好地理解缠扰被告的量刑结果。调查结果表明，地方法院法官同样可能对特殊和空间跟踪案件使用监禁。将讨论几个重要的法律和理论问题。

引用次数: 0

Trajectories of control: Exposure to punitive social control over time and its associated consequences 控制轨迹：长期暴露于惩罚性社会控制及其相关后果

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102555

Abigail Novak

Existing research suggests exposure to punitive control in childhood may impact youth outcomes; however, research is largely limited to one-time examinations of control, ignoring potential patterns of punitive social control throughout childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to identify trajectories of punitive social control in childhood and adolescence and examine how patterns of exposure affect justice-related outcomes including arrest and probation and incarceration. This study also examined risk factors for group membership, as well as differences in justice-related outcomes by youth race/ethnicity and gender. Results identified multiple patterns of control exposure. Differences by race/ethnicity and gender were also detected. According to results, prioritizing alternative policy responses that reduce exposure to punitive systems of control may help reduce experiences of punitive control and may ultimately help to reduce justice system involvement.

现有研究表明，童年时期受到惩罚性控制可能会影响青年时期的发展；然而，研究主要局限于一次性的控制检查，忽视了整个童年和青春期惩罚性社会控制的潜在模式。本研究的目的是确定儿童和青少年惩罚性社会控制的轨迹，并研究暴露模式如何影响与司法相关的结果，包括逮捕、缓刑和监禁。这项研究还检查了群体成员的风险因素，以及青年种族/民族和性别在司法相关结果方面的差异。结果确定了多种对照暴露模式。还发现了种族/民族和性别之间的差异。根据结果，优先考虑减少对惩罚性控制系统的暴露的替代政策反应可能有助于减少惩罚性控制的经历，并可能最终有助于减少司法系统的参与。

引用次数: 0

Scars that shape us: The role of gender in the ACE-delinquency pathway 塑造我们的伤疤：性别在ace犯罪途径中的作用

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102576

Ashleigh C. Anderson, Melissa S. Jones

Objectives

Research on the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and delinquency has grown substantially, yet significantly less empirical attention has been directed toward understanding whether and how the relationship differs by gender. While a small growing body of scholarship has examined this question, evidence of a gendered relationship between ACEs and delinquency remains inconsistent. These discrepancies are likely due to methodological differences across studies, including whether well-established correlates of delinquency are accounted for. The current study addresses these limitations.

Methods

Using survey data from a large, statewide representative sample of high school students in Florida (N = 20,564), we examine how gender shapes the association between ACEs and delinquency.

Results

ACEs were positively associated with delinquency, with each additional ACE linked to a significant increase in delinquent behavior. Although females reported higher ACE scores, males consistently showed stronger behavioral responses, with significantly higher delinquency rates across all ACE scores. While the gender gap remained stable, a slight narrowing at higher ACE exposure did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that ACEs are important for both males and females but relate to delinquency in gender-specific ways, particularly at lower to moderate ACE levels.

Conclusions

We discuss the implications of these findings for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies targeting ACEs.

关于不良童年经历（ace）和犯罪之间联系的研究已经大量增加，然而，对于理解这种关系是否以及如何因性别而不同的实证关注却明显较少。虽然越来越多的学者研究了这个问题，但ace和犯罪之间存在性别关系的证据仍然不一致。这些差异很可能是由于研究方法的差异，包括是否考虑了犯罪的既定相关因素。目前的研究解决了这些局限性。方法使用来自佛罗里达州高中生的大型全州代表性样本（N = 20,564）的调查数据，我们研究了性别如何影响ace和犯罪之间的联系。结果ACE与不良行为呈正相关，每增加一个ACE与不良行为的显著增加有关。尽管女性报告了更高的ACE分数，但男性始终表现出更强的行为反应，在所有ACE分数中，犯罪率都明显更高。虽然性别差异保持稳定，但在ACE水平较高的情况下，这一差距略有缩小，但没有统计学意义，这表明ACE对男性和女性都很重要，但与性别特定的犯罪方式有关，尤其是在ACE水平较低至中等的情况下。我们讨论了这些发现对制定针对ace的有效预防和干预策略的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training: A case study of the perceptions of officers, leadership, and CIT trainers in a suburban-rural police department 危机干预小组（CIT）培训：对郊区城乡警察部门的官员、领导和危机干预小组培训师的看法的案例研究

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2026.102597

Yasemin Irvin-Erickson , Sue-Ming Yang , Kristen Fite , Clayton Drummond , Yi-Fang Lu , Justin Ramsdell

Enhancing law enforcement agencies' capacity to respond to individuals in mental health crisis is crucial. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training is one of the best-known police-based approaches to addressing mental health-related crises in the community. Despite the increasing number of studies on CIT trainings' impact on use of force and other police-level outcomes using administrative and survey data, there is a need for more in-depth studies on different police department (PD) stakeholders' perceptions of these trainings. Our study fills this gap by studying the perceptions of CIT training among CIT-trained officers, patrol supervisors, CIT trainers, and leadership in a suburban-rural county PD in the southeastern USA. Specifically, this study focuses on perceived goals and impacts of CIT trainings, measures of CIT program success, and perceived practical barriers against CIT trainings and implementation of CIT strategies. Our findings demonstrate some key differences in perceptions of CIT goals and impacts across different stakeholders within the study PD and underline the importance of a clear top-to-bottom messaging about the expectations for implementation of CIT strategies. Considering the increasing adoption of CIT trainings and programs across the country, PDs and other agencies that intend to increase the number of officers with CIT training should consider to whom, when, how, and how often these trainings are offered, the potential implications of making these trainings mandatory, and the leadership level messaging around CIT trainings.

加强执法机构应对处于精神健康危机中的个人的能力至关重要。危机干预小组（CIT）培训是解决社区中与心理健康有关的危机的最著名的基于警察的方法之一。尽管越来越多的研究使用行政和调查数据来研究CIT培训对武力使用和其他警察级结果的影响，但仍需要更深入地研究不同警察部门（PD）利益相关者对这些培训的看法。我们的研究填补了这一空白，研究了在美国东南部一个郊区城乡县警察局接受过CIT培训的警官、巡逻主管、CIT培训师和领导层对CIT培训的看法。具体而言，本研究聚焦于CIT培训的感知目标和影响，CIT项目成功的衡量标准，以及CIT培训和实施CIT战略的感知实际障碍。我们的研究结果表明，在研究PD中，不同利益相关者对CIT目标和影响的看法存在一些关键差异，并强调了关于CIT战略实施期望的自上而下的明确信息的重要性。考虑到在全国范围内越来越多地采用CIT培训和项目，警察局和其他打算增加接受CIT培训的官员数量的机构应该考虑提供这些培训的对象、时间、方式和频率，强制性培训的潜在影响，以及围绕CIT培训的领导级别信息传递。

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引用次数: 0

High resting heart rate reduces risk of white-collar criminality 高静息心率降低白领犯罪的风险

IF 2.5 1区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Journal of Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102574

Shichun Ling , Sofi Oskarsson , Anneli Andersson , Henrik Larsson , Catherine Tuvblad

Low resting heart rate (RHR) is considered the best-replicated biological correlate for antisocial and conventional criminal behaviors, but there is limited research investigating whether this extends to white-collar crime. Using longitudinal data (n = 707,490) from multiple population-based Swedish registers and Cox proportional hazard regressions, results suggest that after accounting for demographic and criminality covariates, low RHR is not associated with white-collar criminality (aHR: 1.02, 95 % CI [0.99, 1.06]) whereas high RHR is associated with a lower risk of white-collar criminality (aHR: 0.92, 95 % CI [0.89, 0.95]), compared to average RHR. Findings indicate that low RHR is not associated with white-collar criminality, per se, but high RHR is a protective factor, reducing the risk of white-collar criminality.

低静息心率（RHR）被认为是反社会和传统犯罪行为的最佳生物学关联，但关于这是否适用于白领犯罪的研究有限。使用来自多个基于人口的瑞典登记册的纵向数据（n = 707,490）和Cox比例风险回归，结果表明，在考虑人口统计学和犯罪协变量后，与平均RHR相比，低RHR与白领犯罪无关（aHR: 1.02, 95% CI[0.99, 1.06]），而高RHR与白领犯罪风险较低相关（aHR: 0.92, 95% CI[0.89, 0.95]）。研究结果表明，低RHR本身与白领犯罪无关，但高RHR是一种保护因素，降低了白领犯罪的风险。

引用次数: 0